Major Components of Alkaline Water

What chemical formula gives the alkaline water its alkalinity?

it contains Co2 under pressure

Carbonated Water this formula is present as dissolved HCO3

this has iron containing water

Fe in solution or in suspension it has furruginous taste which is unsuitable for drinking

Chalybeate water has form upon air exposure. what formula?

it contains low quantities of lithium

Also Known as Purgative Water

Major Components of Saline Water

This contain laxative properties

rotten egg odor

Volcanic water, Mud Baths and has deposition of S upon air Exposure

Soluble alkali silicates

Components of Sea Water

this contains Ca and Mg ions as HCO3

it is harder to remove, it can be removed through ion exchange resin and reverse osmosis

Aqueous dosage forms and not for parenterals

not required to be sterile, pyrogen free.

The Solvent, Vehicle, or Diluent for already sterialized and packed injectibles, Single dose container, Pyrogen free.

The sterile water for injection with antimicrobial agents.

Sterile vehicle for reconsitution of small volumes of injectibles, Prefilled syringes or in vials (30 mL)

Fuming acids: 36.5 - 38% W/W

Fuming acids: 69 - 71% w/w

Fuming acids: 85 - 88% w/w

Fuming acids: 95 - 98% w/w

acids with two kinds of atoms

acids which contain oxygen

Muriatic acid

Oil of Vitriol

Aqua Fortis or Eau Forte

Etching solution, component in cola beverages --> impart tartness. buffer and oxidizing acid

used as antioxidants and P atom + with reducing property/RA. can still undergo oxidation to +5

highly corrosive and it reacts with glass.

Solid, Glassy appearance when congealed

Vineger, Cervical cancer screening in low resources setting

Neutralize marine invertebrate stings.

Highly corrosive, Very Deliquescent, Incompatible w/glass

Tendency of substance to absorb moisture in the atmosphere but prolonged exposure to environment can lead to deliquescence.

Loss of water of crystallization from a crystalline substance

Ability to remove water from ait

Ability to take on sufficient water from the environment to form a liquid.

Caustic Soda

Caustic potash, potash lye

Spirit of Hasrtshorn

Concentrated Ammonia

Lightest Metal and first formal member of alkali metals

used as moon stabilizers; treatment of bipolar disorders

treatment of bipolar disorders

Baking Soda

Baking soda + Water --> Insect bites this serves as a paste

NaHCO3, KHCO3

NaCH3COO·3H2O, KCH3COO, Na3C6H5O7 , C₆H₅K₃O₇ , NaC₃H₅O₃

Chemically weak bases which neutralize acid and decrease pepsin activity

for immediate pain relief for heartburn, dyspepsia, heal ulcers and strenghthen gastric mucosal barrier

Immediate relief but its has temporary effect.

its a water soluble antacids which absorbed in alkalosis, electrolyte imbalance, milk alkali syndrome

all other alkali except NaHCO3 & KHCO3 [MgOH, Ca(OH)2, Al(OH)3]

it is a water insoluble antacids but will dissolve in the presence of HCl

Side Effect: Acid rebound → More HCl is produced therefore antacids are for acute attacks • Electrolyte disturbances • Systemic alkalosis • Milk-alkali syndrome/Burnett’s syndrome → [CI/never co-administer] Milk + Antacids = reversible renal failure

Acid rebound • Stimulate gastric secretion • Constipation • Hypercalcemia • Milk-alkali syndrome/Burnett’s syndrome → [CI/never co-administer] Milk + Antacids = reversible renal failure

Phosphate depletion → esp. w/ kidney failure – mitigate hyperphosphatemia, Constipation • Osteoporosis and osteomalacia • Neurotoxicity

Diarrhea, Hypermagnesemia

NaHCO3, CaCO3 & Sodium alginate (raft-forming antacid)

Al(OH)3 & Mg(OH)2

Alumina, Magnesia & Simethicone (for reflux if w/ silicone polymer or antifoaming agent)

CaCO3, Mg(OH)2 and Famotidine

Tetracyclines • Quinolones • Fe supplements • Digoxin