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Worksheetsimmunology
Total questions: 100
Worksheet time: 8hrs 20mins
Which of the following responses is not the results of co-stimulator interaction occurs between CD40:CD40L
Activation of B cells to produce high-affinity isotype-switched antibodies
Upregulation of CTLA-4 expression
Activation of macrophages and killing of phagocytosed microbes
Upregulation of B7 expression
Enhance T cell proliferation and differentiation
Which of the following cytokines plays a role in terminating inflammatory responses?
TGF-B
IFN-a
IL-2
IL-17
IL-4
Question: Cytomegalovirus escapes the imhune system by which mechanism
produce M protein to block C3 binding to bacterial membrane
produce capsule
produce catalase and peroxidase enzymes
down regulation of MHC class I expression of the immune cells
Inhibit C3 and C5 convertases
Please fill in the gap: Cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) recognize........................-associated peptides of cytoplasmic microbes in infected cells and induce apoptosis.
CD8+
T cell receptor
class II MHC
class I MHC
CD4+
Which one is incorrect about lymphatic System?
Remove antigens from the body
Production of lymphocytes and antibodies
Circulate from lymphatic vessel to lymph node and then to lymphatic capillary
Connect to blood system via lymph capillaries
Exposes antigens to the immune system
Which one can reduce the immune function ?
Practice meditation 20 minutes per day for every day
Living with happiness and joyful life
Consuming yogurt consisting of Bifidobacterium bifidum as probiotic and vegetable as prebiotic
Increasing stress and study hard at night time because environment is so quiet
Thinking positive and having good exercise everyday
A 34-year old male was hospitalized by hepatitis B viral infection and develops toxic shock syndrome. A toxin secreting Staphylococcus is isolated from the patient. What will happen to the immune response of this patient ?
TNF-a, IL-1, Il-6 and IFN-y appear in the blood
Activate B-cell to produce antibody
Inducing the massive cytokines production called cytokine storm
The toxin acts as superantigen to induce T cell activation
All choices are correct
What is the limitation of the normal T-independent B cell activation ?
Incapable of produce antibody and immunological B cell memory
not recognize pathogens that are missed by T-cells
Have no antibody isotype switching and affinity maturation
Cannot detect non-peptide antigen
All choices are correct
Why is it so important to do herd immunity in a population?
To protect the person injected with the vaccine
It is not so important to waste that much money to do the herd immunity.
To protect family members from emerging diseases
To protect a rapid transmission of infections from infected persons to healthy
To protect transmission from infected persons to healthy people who live in another city far away from the community
Which of the following immunological tests is a specific diagnostic test for autoimmune hemolytic anemia?
Indirect antiglobulin test
ELISA
Latex agglutination
Flow cytometry
Precipitation
Which of the following immune cells are generated from the progeny of antigen-stimulated lymphocytes, survive for long periods in the absence of antigen. They do not perform effector functions unless stimulated by antigen. When these cells encounter the same antigen, they rapidly respond to initiate secondary immune responses.
Memory cells
Antigen Presenting Cells
Naïve T lymphocytes
Effector CD8+ lymphocytes
Effector CD4+ lymphocytes
Which of the following transcriptional factors (TFs) is not activated by Zap-70 signaling pathways during the T cell activation?
AP-1
NEAT
All TFs are activated during T cell activation
NF-kB
ICOS
A 45-year old female is hospitalized by chronic lung (pulmonary) conditions of tuberculosis. Her lung appear air spaces (cavities) and infected with aspergillus. The fungus fibers have been found in the cavities and grow into tangled masses (fungus balls) known as aspergillomas. What can happen to her immune system ?
Th2 cell secrete IFN-y and induce inflammation to eliminate the fungus
Neutrophil secrete Il-5 to recruit eosinophils to the site of infection
Th1 secrete IL-4 to induce mast cell activation
Th17 secrete IL-22 to recruit neutrophils to the site of infection
Macrophage induce apoptosis of the fungal infected cell
Which one is correct for the B-1 B cells
Have a more extensive antigen recognition repertoire
Express more IgD than IgM on their cell surfaces
Require interaction with T-cells for their activation
Appear later than B-2 B cell in the development of B cell population
Function in the innate immunity
Which of the following events is most associate to the function of Thelper 2 (TH2)?
Recharge NK cells, enabling them to kill pathogens more efficient
Defend fungal and some intracellular bacterial infections
Produce cytokines to influence B cells to class switch to produce IgE
Recruit massive numbers of neutrophils to the site of infections
Produce cytokine to activate macrophages
Which is not the effector B cell function ?
Produce and secrete IFN-a and GM-CSF to activate macrophage
Regulation of inflammation and immune function
Function as professional antigen presenting cell (APC)
Function in HIR which can work with innate and adaptive CMIR
Produce and secrete antibodies
Antigen fragments of a cytoplasmic pathogen Jare presented to T-cells by
Dendritic cell phagocytose and present antigen to CD4+ T-cell
B-cell recognize antigen and present the antigen to T cell
T cell direct recognized antigen by it's T-cell receptor
Macrophage phagocytose and present antigen via MHC class II to T-cell
Antigen presenting cell presents antigen to CD8+ T-cell via MHC class I
Streptococcus gr. A escapes the immune system by which mechanism ?
produce M protein to block C3 binding to bacterial membrane
produce capsule× PNCUMO
produce catalase and peroxidase enzymes ✗ Staphylococci
down regulation of MHC class I expression of the immune cells
Inhibit C3 and C5 convertases
A small molecule that cannot stimulate the immune response by itself but it can stimulate the production of antibody molecules only when conjugated to a larger molecule as carrier molecule. This small molecule called
Hapten
Idiotypic antigen
Adjuvant
Antigen
Allergen
Which one is not characteristics of the innate immunity?
composed of humoral and cellular immune responses
pathogen-specific immunity and can be enhanced by secondary antigen exposure
poorly effective without adaptive immunity
Present from birth and has no memory
non-specific immunity
Which one is not the immune protection against viral infection?
Cytotoxic T-cell activation
Th1 produce IFN-y to activate NK cells
Th1 secrete IL-4 to activate NK cells
Dendritic cell secrete IFN to induce viral infected cell death
NK-cell induce apoptosis of infected cell
Which one is not a regulatory B-cell function?
Induce the differentiation of immunosuppressive T cells
Secrete TGF-ß to inhibit Th17 proliferation
Secrete IL-10 to block CD8+ cytotoxic T cell function
Secrete IFN-y to suppress IL-12 producing dendritic cells
Secrete IL-10 to inhibit Th1 activation
What is most likely not the immune response to COVID-19 infection?
NK cell-mediated killing
Antibody - dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)
Cytotoxic T-cell killing
CD4+ T cells activate antibody production
Produce IFN- to inhibit protein synthesis of viral infected cell
Which of the following events is most associate to the function of T helper 17 (TH17)?
Activate Eosinophils
Produce powerful mechanisms against parasites
Defend fungi and some extracellular bacteria
Influence B cells during class switching
Produce growth factor to stimulate proliferation of NK cells and TH1
Let's say you are building a BioTech Company aiming to invent a new vaccine for Covid-19 prevention,what is the most important properties of your newly invented vaccine you should consider?
Specificity and Memory
Efficient adjuvants
Sensitivity and Specificity
Safe for immunocompromised hosts
Diversity of antigen components
The process that increase phagocytic cell uptaking of bacterial cell tagged by antibodies bound C3b or C4b complement called
Neutralization
Agglutination
Complement Activation
Opsonization
Antibody - dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)
Question: Neisseria meningitidis escapes the immune system by which mechanism
produce M protein to block C3 binding to bacterial membrane
produce capsule
produce catalase and peroxidase enzyme
down regulation of MHC class I expression of the immune cells
Inhibit C3 and C5 convertases
Which of the following events would produce an active immunity?
Feeding breast milk containing IgA for infants
Transferring IgG from a mother to a fetus through placenta during pregnancy
Exposure to infectious scars from your chickenpox infected roommate
. Injection of neutralizing antibodies produced from a horse to a human
A SARS-CoV2 infected person receives serum containing antibodies produced from cured SARSCoV2 infected individuals
Which of the following cytokines act as a chemokine factor?
IL-6
IL-4
IL-8
IL-2
IL-1
How Herpes simplex virus evade the immune response?
produce M protein to block C3 binding to bacterial membrane
produce capsule
produce catalase and peroxidase enzymes
down regulation of MHC class I expression of the immune cells
Inhibit C3 and C5 convertases
Which mechanism that innate immune cells utilize to recognize pathogen
Toll-like receptor-7 recognize protein of virus
Toll-like receptor-2 recognize PGN of gram negative bacteria
Toll-like receptor-9 recognize nucleic acid of virus
Toll-like receptor-3 recognize LPS of virus
Toll-like receptor-4 recognize LPS of gram positive bacteria
A 21-year-old male patient is diagnosed with an acute viral infection. His blood leukocytes count was 25,000 cells per microliter (reference range = 4500-12500 per microliter). The predominant cell type found in increased numbers in this patient's blood is
CD8 Lymphocytes
CD4 Lymphocytes
Neutrophils
Monocytes
Eosinophils
Which one is not the immune response to extra-bacterial infection?
Th2 cells promote B cell activation, differentiation and antibody production
Th1 cells promote inflammation at the site of infection
Complement activation and macrophage phagocytosis
Th1 activate CD8+ T cell function
Generate B-cell memory and T-cell memory population
Which is not the function of C3a, C4a, C5a complements?
Epithelial cell activation
Form membrane-attack complex
Inflammation
Platelet activation
recruitment of immune cells
What is the immune evasion mechanism of encapsulated bacteria
poorly activate complement
antibody cannot opsonize this bacteria
block NET formation of neutrophil
block NET formation of neutrophil
all choices are correct
Which one is incorrect ?
Positive and negative selection of B cell occur in bone marrow
Intracellular infection utilize TAP-1 and TAP-2 in an antigen processing
The overall strength of binding between an antigen with many determinants and multivalent antibodies called Avidity
Concanavalin A work as mitogen to induce lymphocyte proliferation
Alloantigen is a common antigen that found in all human, animal and microbes
Antigen recognition by T cells in the absence of co-stimulation results in ...........
a. T cell proliferation
b. Upregulation of B7
c. T cell anergy
d. All events can occur
e. Expression of the high-affinity IL-2 receptor
A 15-year old boy exhibits anemia condition. He also has a skin rash and itchy, weight loss, loss of appetite, stomach pain, and diarrhea. The eggs of Hookworm have been found in his feces examination. What is the immune response against this parasitic infection ?
Antibody - dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)
Complement activation
Eosinophil produce peroxidase enzyme to kill the parasite
Mast cell degranulation
All choices are correct
During the T lymphocyte development, there are different stages of thymocytes. Which of the following lymphoid organs is the location where the thymocytes express either CD4+ and CD8+ single-positive (SP) T cells?
Cortex of thymus
Bone marrow
Medulla of thymus
Fetal liver
All locations contain either CD4+ and CD8+ single-positive (SP) T cells
Which statement Is incorrect ?
normal cells can escape from NK cell killing by inhibitory receptor engagement
macrophages secrete IFN-y to call NK cells travelling from the blood circulation to the site of infection
Terpene can protect immune destruction by free radicals
macrophage destroys bacteria by free radicals that produced in the Phagolysosome system
All choices are incorrect
Which of the following antibody isotypes facilitate the sequential binding of the C1, C4, C2 and C3 components of the complement system?
IgA and IgD
IgM and IgE
IgG and IgA
IgE and IgA
IgM and IgG
Which one is incorrect ?
Consuming of bee propolis can increase human immunity
The immune cells in myeloid lineage including neutrophil, macrophage, eosinophil, dendritic cell, natural killer cell and monocyte
The immune system can repair and improve itself effectively during 9-12 p.m. according to the human biological clock system
The human immune system is affected by 70 % from body directly and 30 % from the mind
All choices are incorrect
What is the advantage(s) of Adenovirus used in the production of AstraZeneca vaccine for SARSCoV2?
Trigger desired immune responses
Help transferring viral antigens into host cells
Are easy to manipulate genetically
Cause mild infections in humans
All are correct
The infant immune system can be decreased by
eat food containing preservative compound
birth by a cesarean section procedure
Watching cartoon and other programs from mobile phone 5 hours per day
drink cow milk rather than his/her own mother milk
all choices are correct
Which one is correct about neutrophil function?
response to bacterial infection
Generate NET formation system
Secrete cytokines to activate other immune cells
All choices are correct o e. mediated cell apoptosis
When IL-2 is secreted by antigen-specific T cells activated due to presentation of antigen by Antigen- Presenting Cells (APCs), what happens to naïve antigen-nonspecific T cells nearby?
They proliferate due to their exposure to IL-2
They secrete cytokines associated with their T helper phenotypes.
Nothing happens.
They begin to express IL-2 receptors.
They often undergo apoptosis.
A 8-year old boy fall down on the ground during running and playing with her friend. Her knee obtained an injury and a wound. She received the bacterial infection though the wound. Which immune cells are likely increase in her blood circulation ?
Monocytes
Megakaryocytes
Neutrophils
Lymphocytes
Eosinophils
A 20-year old male student who later developed an allergy to a bee pollen, the initial response to the antigen consisted of IgM class. However, about 2 weeks later, IgE exhibit as predominate antibody in his blood. The alteration of the IgM to IgE response is caused by which mechanism ?
Affinity maturation
Isotype switching
Somatic Hypermutation
Apoptosis of IgM producing cells
Tolerance
The picture below shows the result interpretation of rapid diagnostic test, which of the following results you can report for positive test?
b, c, e
a,b,c,e
a, e
b,c
a,b
.The molecule that capable to activate up to 20% of the body T-cells which causes a massive immune response that is not specific to any particular epitope on this antigen. This molecule called
Hypermutated antigen
Allergen
Hapten
Mitogen
Super Antigen
Which of the following cytokines can prevent the internalization of viral particles to other host cells nearby?
IFN-Y
TNF-a
IFN-a
IFN-B
IFN-a and IFN-B
Which is the mechanism of Rapamycin action?
. Induce hematopoiesis
Inhibit macrophage function
Block T cell proliferation
Inhibit cytokine production from NK cell
Mitotic inhibitor for NK cell
Which condition can decrease peripheral tolerance?
Lower level of CTLA-4
Lower level of B7 in antigen presenting cells
Increased level of Fas and fas-ligand in T cells
Lower IgE leve
Increased anti-apoptosis activity in T cell
.Which of the following statement is not true?
Hematopoietic stem cells can be differentiated into neural cells
To produce the bone graft with proper shape from stem cells, scaffold is usually
iPS cells can be produced by transfer of Oct3/4, Sox2, C-Myc, Klf4 to fibroblast cells
ICSI can be made by getting out of genetic material from egg cell before fertilization
hematopoietic stem cells isolated form cord blood have lower antigenic determinant as compared with those isolated from bone marrow
Which condition can enhance tumor cells clearance by immune system?
TGF-B secretion by tumor cells
Increased expression of mutant protein in tumor cells
Decreased MHC class II expression in tumor cells
Decreased MHC class I expression in tumor cells
All choices are correct
Which agent is used for chronic viral hepatitis B treatment?
Cyclosporine
Steroid
IL-1
IL-8
Interferon- alpha
What is the mechanism of cyclosporine action?
Induce IL-4 secretion
Induce T cell destruction by phagocytosis
Inhibit B7 expression in APC (antigen presenting cell)
Inhibit cytokine secretion by T cells
Inhibit cytokine secretion by macrophages
Which mechanism underlines acute hemolytic transfusion reaction?
T cell stimulation by donor alloantigen
Binding between preformed Ab to antigen on donor red blood cells
Binding between preformed Ab to antigen on donor leukocytes
Type I hypersensitivity reaction
Induce T cell destruction by phagocytosis
The tumor cells can escape the immune surveillance by which mechanism?
IL-2 secretion
Interferon-y secretion
TGF-B secretion
Induction of MHC class I molecule expression
IL- 3 secretion
Which of the following is not the property of stem cell?
Can be induced to differentiate into different cell lineages
Limitless cell division
Is not in terminal differentiation stage
Has symmetrical manner of cell division
Has high telomerase activity
Mast Cells play a crucial role in which type of hypersensitivity ?
Type I hypersensitivity
Type IV hypersensitivity
Type III hypersensitivity
Type II hypersensitivity
All choices are correct
Which of the following condition is consideredto be specific immunotherapy?
.BCG administration for bladder carcinoma treatment
Cell therapy with dendritic cells which are immunologically stimulated by tumor antigen
Steroid administration
Induction of B7 expression in antigen presenting cell
IL-2 administration
Which mechanism underlines chronic rejection?
Binding between antibody and alloantigen on endothelium cells
Hypersensitivity type I
Destruction of graft endothelium cell by cytotoxic T cells
Thrombus formation by the antibody
Fibroblast activation by cytokines secreted by T helper cells
A 4-year-old girl come to the hospital with fever, bleeding ulcers of the rectum and vagina. The complete blood cell count showed a severe reduction of basophils, eosinophils and neutrophils. These findings support a diagnosis of which disease?
Agranulocytosis
Chediak-Higashi syndrome
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
Bruton's Agammaglobulinemia
Chronic granulomatous disease
Which disease is associated with Epstein's Barr virus infection?
chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Burkitt's lymphoma
Chronic myelogenous (granulocytic) leukemia
multiple myeloma
Which is the effect of loving-kindness and compassion meditation on the body and emotion?
Decrease T cell function
Decrease IL-5 production and increase C-reactive protein level
Decrease fear and increase bravery
Stimulate sympathetic nerve system
Stimulate mast cells and NK cells activity
Which are the common symptoms of inflammation ?
pain, fever, hypotension, swelling
redness, hypertension, pain, fever
headache, fatigue, weight loss, swelling
swelling, heat, redness, pain
headache, hypotension, weight loss, fever
A 17-month-old female infant has recurrent bacterial infection and is found to have an impair macrophage killing ability. What disease is most responsible for this illness ?
Severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID)
Chronic granulomatous disease
Leukocyte-adhesion deficiency (LAD)
Bruton's Agammaglobulinemia
Chediak-Higashi syndrome
Which of the following statement explains the pathogenesis of Grave disease?
Autoimmune disease associated with HLA gene DR6
Type III hypersensitivity associated with HLA gene Cw6
Type I hypersensitivity
Immune deficiency associated with HLA gene DR2
Autoimmune disease associated with HLA gene B27
A 10-month old infant suffered from bacterial pneumonia and acute lymphadenitis. CBC shows elevated white blood cell count in the peripheral blood. The genetic analysis shows a defect in betaintegrin protein. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis
Chediak-Higashi syndrome
Chronic granulomatous disease
Leukocyte-adhesion deficiency (LAD)
LAD type 2
Agranulocytosis
Chronic inflammation is mediated by
magakaryocytes
macrophages
Th1 cells
cytotoxic T cells
Th2 cell
Peripheral B cell tolerance can be induced by which condition?
Lacking stimulation from helper T cell
Receptor editing in B cell
Elevation of anti-apoptosis protein in B cell
By self antigen in the peripheral lymphoid tissue
Liver injury
A 45-year-old man has been plagued by mild chronic diarrhea and increased numbers of minor respiratory tract infections for most of his life. Following a motor vehicle accident with multiple lacerations to the lower leg, he has a significant blood loss requiring transfusion of blood products. During the transfusion, he is noted to have an anaphylactic transfusion reaction.
Which of the following diseases is he most likely to have?
Selected IgG deficiency
Amyloidosis
Selective IgA deficiency
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Niemann-Pick disease
The 60-year-old female with history of hepatitis C infection presents with decrease renal function, hypertension and anemia. Laboratory findings reveal decrease serum CC) Her urine sediment contain leukocytes, erythrocytes, and red blood cell casts (a proteinaceous mold of the renal tubules that includes erythrocytes). Her renal biopsy is consistent with glomerulonephritis. These findings suggest which type of hypersensitivity ?
Type IV hypersensitivity
Type II hypersensitivity
Type III hypersensitivity
Type I hypersensitivity
All choices are correct
Which of the following is true concerning central tolerance?
Caused by increased level of self-antigen in Thymus
Occur upon repeated stimulation of T cell by self antigen
Enhanced by increased B7 protein in antigen presenting cell
Occurs in the lymph node
Lower IgA level
What is the effect of glucocorticoid and catecholamine on immune function produced during chronic stress?
Stimulate wound healing
Decrease wound healing and antibody production
Decrease the function of viral specific T-cell and stimulate dendritic cell activity
Improve T-cell function
Enhance neutrophil superoxide production and IgE production
Which one is incorrect about acute inflammation?
Acute inflammation stimulates hypothalamus to increase fat metabolism and fever
Th2 response activated by macrophage is a major mechanism
Exhibit pain swell red heat
C5a complement can initiate local inflammatory response
Can exhibit swelling, heat,redness and pain
Which one is mechanism of bone destruction in ( Rheumatoid arthritis)
Autoantibody against osteocytes
Autoantibody against bone stem cells
osteoclast activation by RANK ligands
osteoclast stimulation by IL1
Synovial cell proliferation
A 35-year-old man has lost 8 kg over the past three years. During that time he has had pain and swelling ariund the small joints of his hands and feet. He has had a series of upper respiratory tract infections, with organisms including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa cultured. He has a chronic diarrhea. A stool specimen is found to have Giardia lamblia cysts. His antinuclear antibody test is negative. Quantitative serum immunoglobulins show low IgA, low IgG, and low IgM.By flow cytometry there are normal numbers of T cells and slightly reduced numbers of B cells. What disease that this man likely has
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
Selected IgA deficiency
Hyper-IgM syndrome
Common variable immunedeficiency
X-linked agammaglobulinemia
A 6-year-old boy appears in the hospital with angioedema. Which one is a major cause of angioedema in this patient ?
C9 deficiency
C5 deficiency
C1 deficiency
DAF deficiency
C1 IHN deficiency
What is the effect of mindful breathing?
Increases level of parasympathetic nerve fiber in lymphoid tissue
Enhances adaptive immune function
Enhances innate immune functions
Enhances NK cells activity
All choices are correct
Which is the function of corticosteroid therapy ?
induction of apoptosis in lymphocytes and eosinophil
increase phospholipase A2
increase GM-CSF
increase adhesion molecules on endothelial cells of the vessels
inhibit transcription process of T cells
Which of the following statement is true concerning molecular mimicry?
Rota virus can induce severe muscle pain by molecular mimicry mechanism
Influenza virus can induce multiple sclerosis by molecular mimicry mechanism
Autoantigen inducing the immune-mediated-injury in Guillain-Barre syndrome is myelin basic protein
Coxsakie virus can induce encephalitis by molecular mimicry mechanism
Autoantigen inducing the immune-mediated-injury in Rheumatic fever is cardiac Actin
Which mechanism can induce autoimmunity by infection?
Induce secretion of IL-10 from T cell
Inhibit CD28 expression in T cell
Induce the expression of B7 in antigen presenting cell
Inhibit the regulatory T cell formation
All choices are correct
Which statement is correct?
Peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) is of proven benefit for acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment
The monoclonal antibody anti-CD25 (Basiliximab) is increasingly being used in the treatment of transplant rejection to target macrophages
Anemia is a major symptom of graft rejection
Low platelet count is laboratory finding typical of acute graft-versus-host disease
HLA class II is the major target of hyperacute rejection
Which of the following statement is incorrect concerning chronic lymphocytic leukemia?
Originates from B cell rather than T cells
Is associated with autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Can be treated by bone marrow transplantationCan be treated by bone marrow transplantation
Has rapid disease progression and frequently transforms to acute leukemia within 5 years
Causes patients death during blast crisis
A 50 year-old man who was treated with kidney transplantation develops oliguria, fever, hypertension and flank pain 4 weeks after the operation. Which immunologic process causes his clinical problems?
Chronic rejection
Hyperacute rejection
Selective IgA deficiency
Acute rejection
Autoimmunity
A 3-year-old boy has a small deletion in chromosome 22 He has impaired thymus development with a significant deficiency in the number of functional T cells. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Chediak-Higashi syndrome
DiGeorge Syndrome
Severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID)
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
Bruton's Agammaglobulinemia
Which is the treatment of anaphylactic transfusion reaction?
Continue blood transfusion and give steroid to the patient
Stop transfusion followed by steroid administration
Stop transfusion followed by anti-histamine administration
Stop transfusion followed by epinephrine administration
Steroid administration and continue blood transfusion
A 25-year-old woman presents with malar rash and arthritis for 2 months. Investigations reveal anemia and presence of anti-nuclear antibody. Which is the most likely diagnosis and mechanism for disease development?
Myasthenia gravis: autoimmunity associated HLA gene DR3
Systemic lupus erythematosus: autoantibody to chromosomal proteins
Hyper IgM: defect in B cell development
Rheumatoid arthritis: immune deficiency associated with HLA gene DR4
Reiter syndrome: immune mediated cell injury associated with HLA gene B27
A 5-year old boy suffered from repeated bacterial infections. The genetic analysis found mutation in gene encoding a lysosomal trafficking regulatory protein. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Chronic granulomatous disease
Chediak-Higashi syndrome
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
Bruton's Agammaglobulinemia
Agranulocytosis
A 30-year-old man presents with paresthesia and weakness of his arms and legs and blurred vision for 2 months. Investigations show multiple areas of demyelination within the central nervous system. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Multiple sclerosis
Hashimoto thyroiditis
Systemic lupus erythematosus
LAD type I
Reactive arthritis
A-5-year-old boy with an X-linked defect in the Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) gene is Immunologically impaired by which of the following mechanism ?
B cell development
antibody-mediated bacterial immune response
T cell maturation
Both T and B cell developments
formation of membrane attack complex
.Which is the effect of yoga on immune system?
lower CD4+:CD8+ T-cells ratio
Enhances ACTH, cortisol, pro-inflammatory cytokines production
Increases CD8+ T-cells level
Enhances mast cell and B-cell function
Stimulates NK cells function against cancer stem cells
Which protein is able to induce the development of red blood cells from hematopoietic stem cells?
M-CSF
ЕРО
G-CSF
IL-4
IL-7
Listening to relaxing music as a part of music therapy has what effect on immune function?
Increases saliva IgA level
Decreases histamine production in food allergy patients and decrease IFN-1, IL-6, IL-10 level
Enhance NK cell function
Increases CD4+ T-cells and memory T-cells level
All choices are correct
Which statement is true concerning direct allorecognition occurring in graft rejection process?
Donor CD4+ T cell bind to alloantigen on host APC
Donor antibody bind to alloantigen on host cell
Host CD4+ cell bind to alloantigen on donor APC
Donor CD8+ T cell bind to alloantigen on host cell
Host Megakaryocyte cells bind to alloantigen on donor APC
Which is the best treatment for agranulocytosis?
giving IVIG to patient
giving G-CSF to patient
giving antibiotic to patient
giving fresh frozen plasma to patient
Giving IgM to patient
A 35-year-old male presents with headache,fatigue,light-headedness,dyspnea (diffculty in breathing) and tachycardia (rapid heart rate). Laboratory findings reveal decreased hemoglobin and a positive direct Coombs test (presence of antibodies on erythrocytes surface ). The patient is currently talking an antibiotic for symptoms of upper respiratory infection. These finding suggest which type of hypersensitivity ?
Type IV hypersensitivity
Type III hypersensitivity
.Type I hypersensitivity
Type V hypersensitivity
Type II hypersensitivity
.A 19 years old medical student frequently practices sitting meditation and is successful in the practice, what will happen in his body?
Enhances telomerase activity
Decreases pro-inflammatory cytokines; TNF, IL-1, 1L-6
Enhance analytical thinking performance
Gets a thicker forebrain
All choices are correct
