Roman culture imposed the importance of (a)   on their empire's citizens.

(a)   recorded history.

Romans had laws that were (a)   enforced.

Dark Ages: lack of (a)   between two 'enlighted' time periods

The decline of the Roman Empire led to crime, disunity, and (a)   in western Europe.

A (a)   is left after the Roman Empire fell due to there being a lack of literacy among the populace.

Christianity is legalized by (a)   in 313 AD.

The Byzantine Empire tried to regain the (a)   half of the empire many times, with Justinian being the closest to achieving this.

What empire crushes the remaining Byzantines, causing the empire to fade out?

(a)  

What became the guiding force in uniting medieval people?

(a)  

(a)   destroyed aqueducts and the Coliseum.

Who helped keep the history of Rome preserved during the Middle Ages?

(a)  

What Frankish leader defeated the surrounding tribes and united Franks?

(a)  

Who defeated Muslim invaders in 700 AD?

(a)  

(a)   created papal states near Rome.

What Frankish leader gave lands to the Church?

(a)  

Who was Charlemagne's father?

(a)  

(a)   encouraged learning of all kinds.

What Frankish King brought unity to the lands that he conquered?

(a)  

Charlemagne laid the foundations of France and (a)   .

Charlemagne was named (a)   in 800 AD.

Charlemagne merges (a)   customs with Christian laws

Charlemagne's empire falls apart (a)   years after his death due to invaders that caused the leaders to keep on dividing and dividing the kingdom.

What two groups invaded Charlemagne's fallen kingdom and stop trade, harmed agriculture, ruin villages and farms, and cause conflict?

(a)  

Because kings can no longer defend their subjects, people looked to their local (a)   for protection in exchange for labor.

Building castles with tall walls cost a lot of money, so the lords got assistance from the (a)   .

Feudalism is a system of (a)   .

Knights were loyal to local lords and practiced the honor code of (a)   , agreeing to be Christian gentlemen.

Feudal society was mainly (a)   .

Little money was exchanged in feudal society, and the people preferred to (a)   .

Serfs were (a)   for protection and the ability to have a job.

The Crusades were based on the idea of a (a)   against Muslims in the Holy Land.

Who were the new Islamic leaders who pushed for more occupation of Christian land?

(a)  

Byzantine emperor (a)   asked pope Urban II for help against the Turks.

What pope helped in the Crusades because he thought that by helping, the Byzantines would owe him. He wanted money, power, and to make history.

(a)  

Who said "all who die by way or in battle with the pagans, shall have immediate remission of sins. This I grant them through the power of God with which I am invested."?

(a)  

What group of people were fighting each other and random people before the Crusades redirected this urge?

(a)  

Warriors of (a)   formed the first crusading army.

What was one of the knights' motivations to join the Crusades?

(a)  

In what crusade did they capture Jerusalem?

(a)  

In which Crusade did Muslim tribes start to unite and fight invaders, which led to their success?

(a)  

In which Crusade did Europe unite due to their shared religion?

(a)  

What European king that fought in the third Crusade was from France?

(a)  

What European king that fought in the third Crusade was from Germany?

(a)  

What European king that fought in the third Crusade was from England?

(a)  

(a)   cost the Third Crusade.

Who was the powerful Islamic leader who emerged to unite the area and scared Crusader?

(a)  

What Crusade was Saladin a part of?

(a)  

Pope (a)   calls upon Christians to group together for the Fourth Crusade.

Instead of coming from the north, in the Fourth Crusade, they would sail South to (a)   and then come up from there to Jerusalem.

Venetians wanted the manpower of the knights to take over the city of (a)   .

What happened on August 24, 410 AD?

(a)  

Who was the leader of the Visagoths?

(a)  

How long was Rome able to keep out invaders before they had to open the gates?

(a)  

Alarec died from a (a)   in 410 AD

What building was used as a landfill, shelter, haven for packs of animals, and destroyed for its' building materials?

(a)  

Out of all the confusion and chaos, what was the new form of unity in Europe?

(a)  

On December 25, 496 AD, Clovis became (a)   .

Who wanted to make the Mediterranean Sea their lake again?

(a)  

Who said, "purple is a great color for a funeral"?

(a)  

542 AD-As Justinian was expanding his empire, what "silent killer" disease claimed 25-50% of urban residents?

(a)  

Approximately how many people died during the "Plague of Justinian"?

(a)  

Who were the "guardians of ancient literature" during the Dark Ages?

(a)  

Which monk healed people and became the leader of many monasteries?

(a)  

Who was originally asked to be Abbot by monks, but they soon got tired of him and tried to poison him twice?

(a)  

732 AD - There was a Holy War between the Franks and the (a)   .

The leader of the Frankish Kingdom during the Moorish invasion was Charles " (a)   " Martel.

Who was Charlemagne's grandfather?

(a)  

Who was the founder of the Holy Roman Empire and the first king in three centuries?

(a)  

What was the first choice that Charlemagne gave to the people his army captured?

(a)  

What was the second choice that Charlemagne gave the people his army captured?

(a)  

What is something Charlemagne learned to do as an adult that most kings did not know?

(a)  

800 AD, Christmas Day - What title did Charlemagne gain at around age 60?

(a)  

How many years was Charlemagne emperor?

(a)  

During the end of Charlemagne's rule, who invaded Europe?

(a)  

Where did Vikings come from that were overpopulated?

(a)  

Who built fortresses to prevent invasion from Vikings?

(a)  

What did the Catholic Church use to try and control the knights?

(a)  

What did the church call the truce used to redirect 'the energy of the nobility?

(a)  

Crusaders did not win any land, but what did they gain?

(a)  

1000 AD - Why was there population growth in Europe?

(a)  

866 AD - The largest group of Vikings go to North Umbria and York with their leader (a)   .

In crowded cities, like the places that ships got cargo, (a)   of the

citizens died.

We can tell how populated and (a)   a place was based on their

death rates.

In England and (a)   , entire villages simply disappeared.

Estimated deaths: 19-38 million people (out of a total population of

(a)   million) between 1347 and 1351

What percent of Europe died during the Black Death?

(a)  

In what century did Europe begin to regain its population levels that it had before the plague in the 13th century?

(a)  

Many people thought that the plague had either been sent

from God as a punishment for their sins or was caused by the

(a)   .

People who began to whip themselves to punish for the

wrongdoings of society were called (a)   .

During the Black Death, (a)   were accused of poisoning the wells.

Shortage of workers caused a dramatic rise

in the price of (a)   during the Black Death.

Because the Crusaders helped take over the city of Zara, the pope (a)   all Crusaders, causing them to be outcasts and unable to go back home.

Crusaders did not have the money to get ships, so they solely traded in (a)   .

(a)   paid for Crusaders to take over Constantinople in 1204

There are at least (a)   crusades.

Renaissance mean (a)   .

Where did the Renaissance start?

(a)  

The Renaissance stressed that people should act according to (a)   .

As more urban cities started appearing in Europe, people developed a more (a)   view.

After the Black Death, many people lost faith in the Catholic Church and its ability to (a)   .