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Exam 1 Review

Total questions: 57

Worksheet time: 19mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
The unconscious mind influences everything we do.
a)
Biological perspective
b)
Behavioral perspective
c)
Cognitive perspective
d)
Psychodynamic perspective
2.
If a child is behaving poorly, it is likely because this behavior has been rewarded somehow.
a)
Social-cultural perspective
b)
Behavioral perspective
c)
Biological perspective
d)
Psychodynamic perspective
3.
Anxiety is the result of repressed traumatic childhood experiences.
a)
Psychodymanic perspective
b)
Cognitive perspective
c)
Behavioral perspective
d)
Biological perspective
4.
An imbalance of hormones can contribute to aggressive behavior.
a)
Biological perspective
b)
Psychodynamic perspective
c)
Humanistic perspective
d)
Cognitive perspective
5.
Teachers will get students to study more by offering extra credit.
a)
Humanistic perspective
b)
Social-cultural perspective
c)
Behavioral perspective
d)
Cognitive perspective
6.
"Change your thoughts, change your life."
a)
Behavioral perspective
b)
Cognitive perspective
c)
Biological perspective
d)
Psychodynamic perspective
7.

Define: Psychology

a)

Study of thoughts

b)

Study of behavior and mental processes

c)

Study of the unconscious mind

8.

Who was nicknamed the "Father of Psychology"?

a)

Wilhelm Wundt

b)

Edward Titchener

c)

William James

d)

Sir Francis Bacon

9.

An approach in psychology in which the psychologist studies how unconscious motives & conflicts determines human behavior

a)
behaviorist
b)
functionalist
c)
structuralist
d)
psychoanalyst
10.
The first modern psychologist who was interested in the uncounsious minds was
a)
Wilhelm Wundt
b)
Francis Galton
c)
Sigmund Freud
d)
Ivan Pavlov
11.

A psychologist who analyzes observable behavior & studies conditioning & reinforcement

a)
behaviorist
b)
functionalist
c)
structuralist
d)
psychoanalyst
12.

Which early psychological perspective believes that the mind can be broken up into separate parts?

a)

introspection

b)

structuralism

c)

functionalism

d)

empricism

13.

According to the behaviorist perspective, psychological science should be rooted in what?

a)

Introspection

b)

Observation

c)

Cultural Influences

d)

Basic Needs

14.

Which school of psychology focused on the adaptive nature of thinking and how our consciousness evolves to meet our needs?

a)

Functionalist

b)

Structuralist

c)

Behavioral

d)

Humanistic

15.
The population in a research study is...
a)
the whole group of research interest.
b)
the smaller group that has been chosen from the group of research interest.
c)
exactly the same as the sample.
d)
always smaller than the sample.
16.

Method of intense study of just one individual:

a)

Naturalistic Observation

b)

Experimental Study

c)

Case Study

d)

Survey

17.

In an experiment, the _________________ variable is tested by the researcher to observe its effect(s) on the _________________ variable.

a)

A.independent; dependent

b)

B.first; second

c)

C.dependent; independent

d)

D.research; results

18.
This is a method of research where an investigator manipulates one or more factors (independent variables) to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process (the dependent variable).
a)
Experiments
b)
Case Study
c)
Survey
d)
Observational
e)
Correlational
19.
The advantage of this descriptive method of research is that it creates an immense amount of data to be gathered quickly and inexpensively.
a)
Survey
b)
Observational
c)
Correlational
d)
Experiments
e)
Case Study
20.

The main purpose of ethical guidelines for research in Psychology is to

a)

A.minimise the problems that participants cause for researchers.

b)

B.guarantee that the experimentation runs without problems.

c)

C.ensure that any results published will not be challenged.

d)

D.protect the welfare and rights of the participants.

21.

Which kind of study can establish a cause-effect relationship between variables, assuming that the research is appropriate and well conceived?

a)

survey

b)

case study

c)

correlational study

d)

experiment

22.

The benefit of this descriptive research is that it allows researchers to view naturally occurring behaviors without controlling the situation.

a)

Natural observation

b)

Survey

c)

Case Study

d)

Correlation

23.

The variable manipulated by the researcher is the

a)

Dependent Variable

b)

Independent Variable

c)

Confounding Variable

d)

Correlational variable

24.

The ethical guideline for research in which participants must agree to be a part of the study is known as

a)

Informed consent

b)

Confidentiality

c)

Free from harm

d)

Debriefing

25.
This research method is a measure of the extent to which two variables change together, and thus of how well either variable predicts the other
a)
Correlational
b)
Experiments
c)
Case Study
d)
Survey
e)
Observational
26.

What is Sensation?

a)

refers to the process of sensing our environment through touch, taste, sight, sound, and smell.

b)

refers to how the mind process information

c)

refers to how we store information

27.

Perception ca be defined as-

a)

how we perceive different things

b)

how we interpret the information from the external world

c)

how we sense things from the external world

28.
information processing guided by your pre existing knowledge or expectations to construct perceptions.
a)
top down processing
b)
Bottom up processing
c)
parallel processing
29.

Absolute threshold refers to

a)

The maximum stimulation required to say anything

b)

minimum usage of sense organs

c)

The minimum stimulation necessary to detect a particular stimulus

30.

Identify the Law

a)

Law of the Jungle

b)

Law of whole

c)

Law of figure and ground

31.

Being able to see a candle flame 30 miles away on a clear night is an example of

a)

absolute threshold for human vision

b)

difference threshold for human vision.

c)

inattentional blindness

d)

Weber's Law

32.
Focusing conscious awareness on a particular stimulus. 
a)
selective attention
b)
Weber's Law
c)
parallel processing
33.

While waiting in line at Starbucks, Kramer was playing games on his cell phone and subsequently failed to see the customer in front of him rob the cashier. This is an example of...

a)

inattentional blindness

b)

place theory

c)

blind spot

d)

feature detectors

e)

sensory adaptation

34.

Sensation is a __________ process

a)

top-down

b)

bottom-up

c)

parallel

d)

diagonal

35.
A researcher presents two lights of varying brightness to a subject who is asked to respond "same" or "different" by comparing their intensities. The researcher is seeking the
a)
just noticeable difference.
b)
absolute threshold.
c)
subliminal threshold.
d)
minimal threshold.
36.
Sensation is to ________ as perception is to ________.
a)
encoding; detection
b)
detection; interpretation
c)
interpretation; organization
d)
threshold; transduction
37.
Information processing that begins with sensory receptors and works up into the brain.
a)
top down processing
b)
subliminal processing
c)
bottom up processing
38.
The tendencies of humans to group stimuli by similarity and by physical proximity to each other are illustrative of 
a)
Perceptual inference
b)
Gestalt principles
c)
Concept of constancy
d)
Prototype theory
39.
What is it called when we construct perceptions based on experience and expectations?
a)
Sensation
b)
Selective attention
c)
Bottom-Up processing
d)
Top-Down processing
40.

Russian physiologist known primarily for his work in classical conditioning with dogs and salivation.

a)

Edward Thorndike

b)

John Watson

c)

Ivan Pavlov

d)

Martin Seligman

41.

Influential psychologist conducting research on operant conditioning; animals and humans can be trained using positive and negative reinforcement; as well as positive and negative punishment.

a)

B.F. Skinner

b)

Albert Bandura

c)

John Garcia

d)

Walter Mischel

42.

Pavlov's experiments with dogs yielded information about which of the following?

a)

operant conditioning

b)

classical conditioning

c)

counterconditioning

d)

latent learning

43.

What is the process by which a stimulus increases the chances of a preceding behavior occurring again?

a)

reinforcement

b)

flooding

c)

extinction

d)

systematic desensitization

44.

A stimulus that causes an automatic response

a)

conditioned stimulus

b)

unconditioned stimulus

c)

discrimination

d)

operant conditioning

45.

In Watson and Rayner's experiment "Little Albert" began to fear all objects that were white and furry because of

a)

discrimination

b)

systematic desentization

c)

generalization

d)

all of the above

46.
What is classical conditioning?
a)
Learning caused by pairing and association of two stimuli
b)
Learning by responding to environmental stimuli
c)
Learning explained by its consequences
d)
Learning explained by modelling 
47.
Define conditioned response
a)
A response that does not have to be learned
b)
A response that has been learned
c)
A stimulus that produced the response in an unconditioned reflex
d)
A form of learning
48.
In Pavlov's classic experiment, food was the
a)
Unconditioned stimulus
b)
Unconditioned response
c)
conditioned stimulus
d)
conditioned response
49.

My dad puts on his seatbelt to make his car stop beeping

a)

positive reinforcement

b)

negative reinforcement

c)

conditioned reinforcement

d)

unconditioned reinforcement

50.

After Lee refused to clean his room, his mother took away his smart phone, Lee's mum is making use of

a)

positive reinforcement

b)

negative reinforcement

c)

positive punishment

d)

negative punishment

51.

Positive Reinforcement......

a)

Decreases a behaviour

b)

Strengthens a desired behaviour by presenting a desired stimulus

c)

Strengthens a behaviour by removing an unplesant stimulus

d)

A conditioned response.

52.

What best answer defines a conditioned response (CR)

a)

A response that has been learned

b)

A form of learning

c)

A natural response that does not have to be learned

d)

A stimulus that produces the response in an unconditional reflex

53.

Which Behaviourist coined the termed Operant Conditioning

a)

B.F.Skinner

b)

Albert Bandura

c)

Ivan Pavlov

d)

Jean Piaget

54.

What best describes operant conditioning below

a)

Anything that naturally and automatically triggers a respons

b)

Process of learning through reinforcement and punishment.

c)

The response made by a person or animal after learning to associate an experience with a neutral or arbitrary stimulus.

d)

Is an automatic reflex that occurs in response to an unconditioned stimulus.

55.

A father is frustrated because his teenage daughter has started to curse frequently. He has decided to temporarily decrease her allowance each time she curses. He is going to continue doing this until she has stopped cursing. His plan uses

a)

positive reinforcement

b)

negative reinforcement

c)

positive punishment

d)

negative punishment

56.
What is a reinforcer?
a)

Anything that decreases the frequency of a behaviour

b)
Anything that the subject likes 
c)
Anything that the subject will work for 
d)

Anything that follows a behaviour and increases the likelihood of a behaviour occurring

57.
What is punishment?
a)
 Anything that the subject will work to avoid
b)
 Any unpleasant stimulus
c)
 Anything that the subject dislikes
d)

 Anything that decreases the likelihood of a behaviour occurring

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