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WorksheetsExam 3 - Jones - Practice Questions
Total questions: 46
Worksheet time: 25mins
Which of the following is the cause of myasthenia gravis?
Decrease number of nAchR on the muscle membrane
Decreased release of Ach from the motor neuron
Increased activity of acetylcholinesterase on the muscle membrane
Decreased calcium channel expression in the motor neuron
Actin is attached to which structure in smooth muscle?
Dense bodies
Z-Disc
Tropomyosin
Calmodulin
Which of the following startling forces favors reabsorption of fluid into the capillary? (choose all that apply)
Capillary oncotic pressure
Capillary hydrostatic pressure
Interstitial oncotic pressure
Interstitial hydrostatic pressure
A patient has a measure blood pressure of 168 mmHg/85 mmHg. What is their mean arterial pressure? (whole number only no units)
(a)
Which band or line in the sarcomere only contains actin?
I-band
A-band
M-line
H-band
Z-line
Which of the following occurs when the neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction binds to it receptor?
Ligand-gated calcium channels open
The muscle membrane hyperpolarizes
Iontropic receptors are activated
Metabotropic receptors are activated
Which of the following would be a physiological effect of a drug which specifically blocks alpha1 adrenergic receptors?
Relaxation of vascular smooth muscle
Relaxation of airway smooth muscle
Decreased heart rate
Pupil dilation
Which of the following will cause smooth muscle relaxation? (choose all that apply)
cAMP
cGMP
Calcium
Activation of myosin light chain kinase
Neurotransmitter is released from which neuron anatomical structure?
Dendrite
Cell body
Axon
Terminal button
Which of the following is closest to the normal resting membrane potential of a typical neuron?
-70 mV
+70 mV
-100 mV
0 mV
+30 mV
Activation of which of the following ion channels causes prolonged depolarization and contraction in cardiac muscle cells?
Sodium
Calcium
Potassium
Chloride
In which vessel is the blood flow velocity the greatest?
Large artery
Large vein
Medium artery
Capillary
Venule
Which vessel listed below only contains a tunica intima?
Capillary
Arteriole
Aorta
Medium Vein
Vena cava
Which division of the nervous system contains the brain and spinal cord?
Central nervous system
Peripheral nervous system
Somatic nervous system
Autonomic nervous system
Calcium binds to which of the following proteins during skeletal muscle contraction?
Troponin
Synaptotagmin
Tropomyosin
Myosin
Actin
Myelin is most often associated with which neuron anatomical structure?
Axon
Dentrites
Cell body
Terminal button
Which of the following is true of the parasympathetic nervous system?
Acetylcholine is released to target tissue
Short preganglionic neurons
preganglionic neurons have cell bodies in the thoracic region of the spinal cord
Norepinephrine is released from preganglionic neurons
Which of the following is true of an inhibitory post-synaptic potential (IPSP) (choose all that apply)?
The membrane potential is hyperpolarized compared to the resting potential
Opening of ligand-gated calcium channels will generate IPSPs
When IPSPs occur it is likely that an action potential will occur
Activation of ligand gated potassium channels will cause IPSPs
Which neurotransmitter is released at the somatic neuromuscular junction?
Acetylcholine
Glycine
Norepinephrine
Serotonin
Dopamine
At point 3 in the diagram below, which of the following most closely describes the state of the voltage-gated sodium channels?
H-gate closed and m-gate open
H-gate closed and m-gate closed
H-gate open and m-gate open
H-gate open and m-gate closed
ATP binds to which sarcomere protein in skeletal muscle?
Myosin
Troponin
Actin
Tropomyosin
Titan
The sympathetic nervous system is most specifically considered part of which of the following nervous system divisions?
Central
Sensory afferent
somatic efferent
Autonomic efferent
Ionotropic receptors require g-proteins.
True
False
Separation of cerebral spinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain from the neurons is achieved by the action of which of the following neural support cells
Ependymal
Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Schwann Cells
Microglia
Which receptor class is found on the cell bodies of postganglionic sympathetic neuron dendrites?
Nicotinic AchR
Alpha adrenergic
Muscarinic AchR
Beta adrenergic
Which of the following is true of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?
Short Preganglionic neurons
acetylcholine released at all target tissues
Norepinephrine is released from preganglionic neurons
Preganglionic neurons have cell bodies in the brainstem
Decreased extracellular potassium concentration will have which of the following effects on the resting membrane potential of a neuron?
Hyperpolarization
Depolarization
No change
Which of the following is a defining characteristic for medium veins?
One-way valves
Lots of elastic tissue
Very low compliance
Allows for exchange with interstitial fluid
Which neural support cell produces myelin in the peripheral nervous system?
Schwann Cells
Oligodendrocytes
Ependymal Cells
Astrocytes
Microglia
The passive diffusion of which of the following ion is responsible for generating the resting membrane potential of a neuron?
Potassium
Chloride
Sodium
Calcium
Which structure is found at the intersection of cardiac muscle cell branches?
Intercalated disc
Z-Disc
Myosin
T-Tubules
Increased activation of the membrane sodium-calcium exchanger in cardiac and smooth muscle will cause which of the following?
Contraction
Relaxation
Which of the following physiological effect will occur when the sympathetic nervous system is more active that the parasympathetic nervous system?
Decreased heart rate
Increased stomach secretions
Increased airway diameter
Urine voiding (bladder emptying)
Which of the following will occur as part of the homeostatic response to a person experiencing hypotension (low blood pressure) due to a large laceration (cut) on their arm?
Increased cardiac muscle contraction force
Decreased total peripheral resistance
Decreased heart rate
Increased parasympathetic stimulation
Which of the following most closely defines venous return?
The volume of blood filling the right ventricle per unit time
The volume of blood ejected left ventricle per unit time
The volume of fluid filtered from the capillaries to the interstitial space per unit time
The volume of fluid reabsorbed from the capillaries to the interstitial space per unit time
A patient has a measure blood pressure of 168 mmHg/85 mmHg. What is their pulse pressure? (whole number only no units)
(a)
Which of the following ion channel changes will generate an excitatory local potential change?
Activation of ligand-gated Na+ channels
Activation of voltage-gated Na+ channels
Activation of ligand-gated K+ channels
Activation of voltage-gated K+ channels
Which of the following most closely describes a piece of neuron membrane in the relative refractory period?
The membrane potential is hyperpolarized compared to the resting potential
An action potential cannot occur
The voltage-gated sodium channels are actively open
The membrane potential is depolarized above the threshold potential
Which protein needs to be phosphorylated in smooth muscle for contraction to occur?
Myosin
Calmodulin
Actin
Troponin
Phosphatase
Which of the following would be an effective treatment for a patient with a adrenal tumor in the medulla which leads to increased activity of chromaffin cells? (choose all that apply)
Muscarinic receptor blocker
Muscarinic receptor activator
Alpha receptor blocker
Alpha receptor activator
Beta receptor blocker
When a presynaptic neuron is stimulated to have an action potential three times in a row, the local potential generated in the postsynaptic neuron does not reach threshold. If the same presynaptic neuron is stimulated to have an action potential 5 times in a row the threshold potential is reached in the postsynaptic cell, Which of the following neural phenomenon is described in the above scenario?
Temporal Summation
Spatial Summation
Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials
Which ion is most essential for the process of neurotransmitter vesicle docking and fusion with the pre-synaptic terminal membrane?
Calcium
Sodium
Potassium
Chloride
Which of the following protein senses the depolarization of the t-tubule to allow of calcium release in skeletal muscle?
DHP (dihydropyridine) receptor
Ryanodine Receptor
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
Tropomyosin
Increasing sympathetic simulation in the body will decrease venous return.
True
False
How will a decrease in the concentration of plasma proteins (albumins) alter the net filtration pressure across a capillary?
Filtration will decrease
Filtration will increase
There will be no change in filtration
Which of the following ion channel is open at number 4 in diagram below?
Voltage-gated K+ channels
Voltage-gated Na+ channels
Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels
Voltage-gated Cl- channels
Ligand-gated K+ channels
