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Exam 3 - Jones - Practice Questions

Total questions: 46

Worksheet time: 25mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which of the following is the cause of myasthenia gravis?

a)

Decrease number of nAchR on the muscle membrane

b)

Decreased release of Ach from the motor neuron

c)

Increased activity of acetylcholinesterase on the muscle membrane

d)

Decreased calcium channel expression in the motor neuron

2.

Actin is attached to which structure in smooth muscle?

a)

Dense bodies

b)

Z-Disc

c)

Tropomyosin

d)

Calmodulin

3.

Which of the following startling forces favors reabsorption of fluid into the capillary? (choose all that apply)

a)

Capillary oncotic pressure

b)

Capillary hydrostatic pressure

c)

Interstitial oncotic pressure

d)

Interstitial hydrostatic pressure

4.

A patient has a measure blood pressure of 168 mmHg/85 mmHg.  What is their mean arterial pressure? (whole number only no units)

(a)  

5.

Which band or line in the sarcomere only contains actin?

a)

I-band

b)

A-band

c)

M-line

d)

H-band

e)

Z-line

6.

Which of the following occurs when the neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction binds to it receptor?

a)

Ligand-gated calcium channels open

b)

The muscle membrane hyperpolarizes

c)

Iontropic receptors are activated

d)

Metabotropic receptors are activated

7.

Which of the following would be a physiological effect of a drug which specifically blocks alpha1 adrenergic receptors?

a)

Relaxation of vascular smooth muscle

b)

Relaxation of airway smooth muscle

c)

Decreased heart rate

d)

Pupil dilation

8.

Which of the following will cause smooth muscle relaxation? (choose all that apply)

a)

cAMP

b)

cGMP

c)

Calcium

d)

Activation of myosin light chain kinase

9.

Neurotransmitter is released from which neuron anatomical structure?

a)

Dendrite

b)

Cell body

c)

Axon

d)

Terminal button

10.

Which of the following is closest to the normal resting membrane potential of a typical neuron?

a)

-70 mV

b)

+70 mV

c)

-100 mV

d)

0 mV

e)

+30 mV

11.

Activation of which of the following ion channels causes prolonged depolarization and contraction in cardiac muscle cells?

a)

Sodium

b)

Calcium

c)

Potassium

d)

Chloride

12.

In which vessel is the blood flow velocity the greatest?

a)

Large artery

b)

Large vein

c)

Medium artery

d)

Capillary

e)

Venule

13.

Which vessel listed below only contains a tunica intima?

a)

Capillary

b)

Arteriole

c)

Aorta

d)

Medium Vein

e)

Vena cava

14.

Which division of the nervous system contains the brain and spinal cord?

a)

Central nervous system

b)

Peripheral nervous system

c)

Somatic nervous system

d)

Autonomic nervous system

15.

Calcium binds to which of the following proteins during skeletal muscle contraction?

a)

Troponin

b)

Synaptotagmin

c)

Tropomyosin

d)

Myosin

e)

Actin

16.

Myelin is most often associated with which neuron anatomical structure?

a)

Axon

b)

Dentrites

c)

Cell body

d)

Terminal button

17.

Which of the following is true of the parasympathetic nervous system?

a)

Acetylcholine is released to target tissue

b)

Short preganglionic neurons

c)

preganglionic neurons have cell bodies in the thoracic region of the spinal cord

d)

Norepinephrine is released from preganglionic neurons

18.

Which of the following is true of an inhibitory post-synaptic potential (IPSP) (choose all that apply)?

a)

The membrane potential is hyperpolarized compared to the resting potential

b)

Opening of ligand-gated calcium channels will generate IPSPs

c)

When IPSPs occur it is likely that an action potential will occur

d)

Activation of ligand gated potassium channels will cause IPSPs

19.

Which neurotransmitter is released at the somatic neuromuscular junction?

a)

Acetylcholine

b)

Glycine

c)

Norepinephrine

d)

Serotonin

e)

Dopamine

20.

At point 3 in the diagram below, which of the following most closely describes the state of the voltage-gated sodium channels?

a)

H-gate closed and m-gate open

b)

H-gate closed and m-gate closed

c)

H-gate open and m-gate open

d)

H-gate open and m-gate closed

21.

ATP binds to which sarcomere protein in skeletal muscle?

a)

Myosin

b)

Troponin

c)

Actin

d)

Tropomyosin

e)

Titan

22.

The sympathetic nervous system is most specifically considered part of which of the following nervous system divisions?

a)

Central

b)

Sensory afferent

c)

somatic efferent

d)

Autonomic efferent

23.

Ionotropic receptors require g-proteins.

a)

True

b)

False

24.

Separation of cerebral spinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain from the neurons is achieved by the action of which of the following neural support cells

a)

Ependymal

b)

Astrocytes

c)

Oligodendrocytes

d)

Schwann Cells

e)

Microglia

25.

Which receptor class is found on the cell bodies of postganglionic sympathetic neuron dendrites?

a)

Nicotinic AchR

b)

Alpha adrenergic

c)

Muscarinic AchR

d)

Beta adrenergic

26.

Which of the following is true of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

a)

Short Preganglionic neurons

b)

acetylcholine released at all target tissues

c)

Norepinephrine is released from preganglionic neurons

d)

Preganglionic neurons have cell bodies in the brainstem

27.

Decreased extracellular potassium concentration will have which of the following effects on the resting membrane potential of a neuron?

a)

Hyperpolarization

b)

Depolarization

c)

No change

28.

Which of the following is a defining characteristic for medium veins?

a)

One-way valves

b)

Lots of elastic tissue

c)

Very low compliance

d)

Allows for exchange with interstitial fluid

29.

Which neural support cell produces myelin in the peripheral nervous system?

a)

Schwann Cells

b)

Oligodendrocytes

c)

Ependymal Cells

d)

Astrocytes

e)

Microglia

30.

The passive diffusion of which of the following ion is responsible for generating the resting membrane potential of a neuron?

a)

Potassium

b)

Chloride

c)

Sodium

d)

Calcium

31.

Which structure is found at the intersection of cardiac muscle cell branches?

a)

Intercalated disc

b)

Z-Disc

c)

Myosin

d)

T-Tubules

32.

Increased activation of the membrane sodium-calcium exchanger in cardiac and smooth muscle will cause which of the following?

a)

Contraction

b)

Relaxation

33.

Which of the following physiological effect will occur when the sympathetic nervous system is more active that the parasympathetic nervous system?

a)

Decreased heart rate

b)

Increased stomach secretions

c)

Increased airway diameter

d)

Urine voiding (bladder emptying)

34.

Which of the following will occur as part of the homeostatic response to a person experiencing hypotension (low blood pressure) due to a large laceration (cut) on their arm?

a)

Increased cardiac muscle contraction force

b)

Decreased total peripheral resistance

c)

Decreased heart rate

d)

Increased parasympathetic stimulation

35.

Which of the following most closely defines venous return?

a)

The volume of blood filling the right ventricle per unit time

b)

The volume of blood ejected left ventricle per unit time

c)

The volume of fluid filtered from the capillaries to the interstitial space per unit time

d)

The volume of fluid reabsorbed from the capillaries to the interstitial space per unit time

36.

A patient has a measure blood pressure of 168 mmHg/85 mmHg.  What is their pulse pressure? (whole number only no units)

(a)  

37.

Which of the following ion channel changes will generate an excitatory local potential change?

a)

Activation of ligand-gated Na+ channels

b)

Activation of voltage-gated Na+ channels

c)

Activation of ligand-gated K+ channels

d)

Activation of voltage-gated K+ channels

38.

Which of the following most closely describes a piece of neuron membrane in the relative refractory period?

a)

The membrane potential is hyperpolarized compared to the resting potential

b)

An action potential cannot occur

c)

The voltage-gated sodium channels are actively open

d)

The membrane potential is depolarized above the threshold potential

39.

Which protein needs to be phosphorylated in smooth muscle for contraction to occur?

a)

Myosin

b)

Calmodulin

c)

Actin

d)

Troponin

e)

Phosphatase

40.

Which of the following would be an effective treatment for a patient with a adrenal tumor in the medulla which leads to increased activity of chromaffin cells? (choose all that apply)

a)

Muscarinic receptor blocker

b)

Muscarinic receptor activator

c)

Alpha receptor blocker

d)

Alpha receptor activator

e)

Beta receptor blocker

41.

When a presynaptic neuron is stimulated to have an action potential three times in a row, the local potential generated in the postsynaptic neuron does not reach threshold.  If the same presynaptic neuron is stimulated to have an action potential 5 times in a row the threshold potential is reached in the postsynaptic cell,  Which of the following neural phenomenon is described in the above scenario?

a)

Temporal Summation

b)

Spatial Summation

c)

Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials

42.

Which ion is most essential for the process of neurotransmitter vesicle docking and fusion with the pre-synaptic terminal membrane?

a)

Calcium

b)

Sodium

c)

Potassium

d)

Chloride

43.

Which of the following protein senses the depolarization of the t-tubule to allow of calcium release in skeletal muscle?

a)

DHP (dihydropyridine) receptor

b)

Ryanodine Receptor

c)

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor

d)

Tropomyosin

44.

Increasing sympathetic simulation in the body will decrease venous return.

a)

True

b)

False

45.

How will a decrease in the concentration of plasma proteins (albumins) alter the net filtration pressure across a capillary?

a)

Filtration will decrease

b)

Filtration will increase

c)

There will be no change in filtration

46.

Which of the following ion channel is open at number 4 in diagram below? 

a)

Voltage-gated K+ channels

b)

Voltage-gated Na+ channels

c)

Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels

d)

Voltage-gated Cl- channels

e)

Ligand-gated K+ channels