WorksheetsCPH_Practice_Exam
Total questions: 112
Worksheet time: 3hrs 10mins
Which of the following is a modeling and simulation tool used to investigate stocks, flows, and feedback loops of complex problems?
Interactive planning
Operations research
Organizational cybernetics
System dynamics
Researchers are seeking a spokesperson for a health communication campaign to promote breast cancer screening for low-income women. To ensure the strongest effect of the campaign on the target group, the researcher should select a spokesperson who shares which of the following characteristics with the target group?
Personal attitudes
Ethnic background
Level of knowledge
Socioeconomic status
A 22-year-old Latina woman brings her 13-month-old daughter to a health department clinic for routine well-child care. Both are enrolled in the Medicaid program. They live in an inner-city apartment building that the mother describes as "old and run down." The infant's diet consists of table foods; the principal protein sources are eggs, peanut butter, cheese, and canned tuna. Screening of the infant for which of the following conditions is recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)?
allergies and asthma
pesticide exposure
elevated blood lead concentration
mercury poisoning
A supplemental tax levy supporting a local health department has just failed and the impact will be a loss of tax revenues of $300,000 a month, beginning the following month and lasting at least 5 months. The health commissioner must quickly formulate an emergency plan. Which action is most likely to advance the commissioner's success as a leader in this crisis?
Direct the Chief Financial Officier to impose fair and proportional cuts on each division
Adopt a positive attitude, and announce to the directors a plan to evenly distribute the budget cuts across the entire organization
Express dissatisfaction with the electorate, and direct the Chief Financial Officer to impose fair and proportional budget cuts on each division
Meet with all the directors to prioritize the possible operational changes that would result in cost reductions
The association between disease status and exposure for a sample from a population is as follows:
Exposed Not Exposed Total
Diseased 50 400 450
Not Diseased 50 5000 5050
Total 100 5400 5500
Which of the following is the estimated ratio of the odds of disease in the exposed versus unexposed groups?
(50 / 450) ÷ (50 / 5,050)
(50 / 50) ÷ (400 / 5,000)
(50 / 5,050) ÷ (50 / 450)
(400 / 5,400) ÷ (50 / 100)
A health department is designing a web-based health promotion intervention. Which of the following issues is most important with regard to effective communication of this health information to the community?
The health literacy of the target population
The diagrams and visual aids associated with the promotion materials
The color and size of the health promotion materials
The organization of the health promotion materials
Which of the following types of leadership would be the most helpful in an organization experiencing rapid change?
Servant
Theory X
Contingency
Transactional
Vaccination against polio provides lifelong protection, whereas influenza vaccines have to be administered each year. Which of the following statements best explains this difference in vaccine action?
Influenza vaccines are prepared from killed viruses, but polio vaccines are prepared from live, attenuated viruses
Influenza vaccines have to be administered by injection, but the oral polio vaccine can be ingested
Influenza viruses mutate at a much higher rate than poliovirus
Poliovirus can only cause disease in humans, whereas influenza viruses can infect other species
Which of the following terms best describes the power of a local jurisdiction to independently regulate public health, safety, and welfare?
Unionism
Home Rule
Preemption
Self-administration
Most funding for nursing home care in the United States comes from which of the following sources?
Medicaid
Medicare
Out-of-pocket
Private insurance
Which of the following United States federal laws prohibits a public health practitioner from sharing individually identifiable health information stored on public health department computer systems?
Occupational Safety and Health Act
American Health Security Act
Health Communications Act
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
The management of a health care facility requires staff to adhere to ethical principles and provide culturally appropriate care. The institutionalization of these values is most likely to influence which of the following aspects of health care provided by this facility?
acceptability
accessibility
accountability
adequacy
At a town hall meeting, several residents of a community of 10,000 raise concern about plans to build a new chemical treatment plant within walking distance of local schools, day-care centers, and parks. The community needs a new treatment plant, but the residents' concerns about the environmental effect of the plant need to be addressed. The local health department is charged with developing a method whereby citizens can provide information about concerns and recommend alternative strategies. Which of the following is the most effective method of gathering this information?
Conduct telephone interviews with residents
Schedule face-to-face interviews with residents
Mail surveys to a random selection of households
Organize focus groups with representatives from the community
A researcher is calculating the infant mortality rate of several states. Which of the following methods is most appropriate to use during this analysis to adjust for racial differences in infant mortality rates among the states?
logistic regression
direct standardization
life table analysis
linear regression
Approximately how many local health departments are there in the United States?
890
3,000
10,600
59,000
A local health department establishes a program with community outreach and clinical components that is intended to reduce the number of drug-resistant tuberculosis cases. A measure of the program's outcomes is the number of
clinical visits for drug-resistant tuberculosis
community education sessions
drug-resistant tuberculosis cases
patients receiving follow-up care for drug-resistant tuberculosis
Which of the following terms refers to the systematic method by which environmental exposure to a substance is quantified using information about the hazardous properties of the substance, human exposure to the substance, dose-response relationships, and risk characterization?
risk management
risk assessment
risk communication
risk control
Researchers ask a random sample of 1,001 adults nationwide whether they favor or oppose the legalization of marijuana. Fifty-five percent of respondents say they oppose it. If the researchers increase the sample size of the poll by a factor of 4 (to n=4,004), which of the following effects on the length of the 95% confidence interval for the proportion is most likely to be observed?
It will decrease by a factor of 4
It will decrease by a factor of 2
It will increase by a factor of 2
It will increase by a factor of 4
Variation in rates of medical procedures by race, even when controlling for insurance status, income, age, and severity of conditions, is an example of
health disparity
racism
inadequate access to health care
a high rate of uninsured individuals
Diversity of the workforce is considered important in health care research, education, and administration for which of the following reasons?
It increases efficiency
It improves health literacy
It decreases work-related stress
It demonstrates institutional commitment
Which of the following organizations accredits local public health departments?
American Public Health Association
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Public Health Accreditation Board
State licensing boards
A study is conducted to compare colorectal screening rates in white and African-American men. Researchers contact 50 white men and 50 African-American men older than 50 years of age by telephone and ask them if they have undergone colorectal screening. Fifty-five percent of white men and 49% of African-American men report undergoing appropriate screening. Which of the following tests is the most appropriate method of analysis of the survey data?
paired t-test
Pearson chi-square (X2) test
two-sample t-test
Spearman correlation test
According to the transtheoretical model of change, as individuals go from pre-contemplation to maintenance, "con" behavioral beliefs decrease and "pro" behavioral beliefs increase. This process is best described as which of the following?
decisional balance
self-liberation
reinforcement management
self-efficacy
A federal law is passed requiring labeling on food products. In subsequent years, the rate of obesity among adults decreases. Which of the following terms best describes the relationship between the law and the change in obesity rates?
causal
correlated
retrospective
prospective
Which of the following is a characteristic of a health care system based on social justice?
Access to medical care is viewed as an economic reward of personal effort and achievement
Production and distribution of health care are determined by market-based demand
An individual's ability to pay is considered inconsequential for receiving medical care
Markets are assumed to be more efficient than government at allocating health resources equitably
When considering culture in research and practice, which of the following reflects best practice?
Treating members of all cultural groups in the same way
Engaging culturally diverse advocacy leaders in the community
Recoginizing that cultural uniformity is necessary for effective health intervention delivery
Helping members in the community more easily fit into the mainstream culture to increase a sense of belonging
The theory of reasoned action is a model of health behavior targeted at which of the following levels?
Community
Global
Individual
Organizational
Which of the following methods is the most appropriate for collecting data from stakeholders for a community-based intervention?
Conducting a mail survey
Conducting a telephone survey
Holding key informant interviews
Reading the blogs of community members
Literacy advocates in the U.S. recommend that for health promotion materials to be effective, they should be written at which of the following reading levels?
2nd-4th grades
6th-8th grades
10th-12th grades
College level
On the basis of the present evidence, the greatest reduction in injuries and death related to motor vehicles in the United States is most likely to be a result of which of the following?
increase in law enforcement and highway patrol officers
stricter motor vehicle inspection laws
modifications to vehicles and highway systems
stiffer penalties for drunk drivers and repeat speeders
A public health worker is charged with investigating family violence in a community of nearly 1 million residents. The worker uses principles of systems theory in her approach. She incorporates individuals, groups, and their environments. Which of the following terms best describes this concept?
community psychology
demography
ethnobiology
social ecology
A health services researcher is studying a new influenza vaccination to determine whether it should be recommended for all senior citizens. Which of the following vaccination attributes is most appropriate to evaluate first in the process of assessing the new vaccination?
cost-benefit
effectiveness
efficacy
efficiency
Which of the following most accurately describes an organizational design that applies to independent units that are joined by a shared administrative overlay, such as a county government?
Adhocracy
Machine bureaucracy
Professional bureaucracy
Divsionalized bureaucracy
A needs assessment process identifies several behavioral and environmental factors on which the intervention could potentially focus. However, to keep the project on budget, the scope of the intervention must be limited. Which of the following criteria is most appropriate to consider when deciding on which behavioral and environmental factors to focus the intervention?
Compliance with guidance from the project's sponsor
What is feasible within the project budget
The specific research interests of the planning team members
The strength of the evidence that the desired changes can be achieved
When a public health issue emerges for which there is no "evidence base" to suggest a response strategy, which of the following actions on the part of a public health professional is most appropriate?
Defer action on the issue until further information about the appropriate intervention is available
Dismiss the issue because there is insufficient evidence to make an informed decision
Implement several different strategies at once to assess which is most effective
Invest in data collection and community-based research to build a more thorough understanding of the issue
The classic study by Schulman on the effect of race and sex on physicians' recommendations for cardiac care used a standardized computer program to measure primary care physicians' treatment plans for patients with chest pain. The investigators videotaped interviews of identically dressed actors reading from identical scripts and standardized other variables (age, cardiac risk factors, medical and social histories, health insurance, and employment) to vary only by two factors - gender and race. The actors included African Americans and whites of both genders. Which of the following statements best summarizes the results of this study?
African Americans and women with chest pain had relative odds of referral for cardiac catheterization that were 60% of the odds for whites and men, and the relative odds of referral for African Americans were 40% of those for white men
African Americans and women with chest pain had relative odds of referral for cardiac catheterization that were actually higher than those for whites and men, respectively
African Americans with chest pain had the same relative odds of referral for catheterization as whites; however, women with chest pain had relative odds of referral that were 20% of those for men
Women with chest pain had the same relative odds of referral for catheterization as men; however, African Americans with chest pain had odds that were 60% of the odds for whites
Which of the following is the most important limitation in the use of vital statistics data for public health research?
Births and deaths that occur outside of institutions are not recorded
Data collected vary substantially from state to state
Data files are not readily available to people collecting data outside the agency
Variables of research interest may not be collected
A multi-state regional coalition is in place to identify successful state-level strategies for enhancing health care and other community services for children with special health needs. The coalition membership currently includes health care professionals and representatives from state departments of public health, housing, education, Medicaid, and social services. There is one remaining open seat. Which of the following representatives is most appropriate to fill the open slot?
a principal from one of the region's elementary schools
a member of a parent advocacy group
a pediatric cardiologist
a pharmacist
Researchers want to present the comparative distribution of office visits in the three communities in one figure. Which of the following displays is most appropriate?
pie chart
bar graph
histogram
stem and leaf plot
The probability associated with specific results when the null hypothesis is true is expressed by
the p-value
a type II error
the sampling distribution
conditional independence
A public health professional is notified of a $5,000 cut to the budget for the department's diabetes education program that has been in place for several years. See the image for the budget for this year's program. It is expected that the program will continue serving 250 community members. To maintain program fidelity, which of the following is the best option for making the budget cuts?
Ask the community to provide meeting space as an in-kind contribution
Require participants to pay for the workbook costs to indicate their commitment
Reduce FTE support for personnel because less material development time is necessary
Remove the incentives for participants because the ongoing program has been effective
A group uses problem-solving to reconcile underlying differences and create a win-win situation for the mutual benefit of all parties. This approach exemplifies which of the following styles of conflict management?
accommodating
avoiding
collaborating
compromising
The introduction of sewage into a stream is most likely to cause a measurable change in which of the following ways?
decrease in decomposing organic concentration
increase in biochemical oxygen demand
increase in dissolved oxygen concentration
stabilization of biochemical oxygen demand
A state health department is trying to reduce the HIV/AIDS risk for African Americans age 50 years and older. Which of the following communication strategies is most important to serve this community?
Ensure the information is evidence-based
Make the information available on social media
Write the information at a 12th-grade reading level
Present the information in a culturally competent manner
Which of the following historical events raised awareness of the need for the protection of research subjects and resulted in the 1947 creation of the International Code of Ethics for research?
Nazi human experimentation
Willowbrook hepatitis studies
publication of the Belmont Report
Tuskegee Syphilis Study
Community public health goals and objectives are best developed by which of the following?
Elected officials who are accountable to the public
Public health professionals who have access to data trends
Medical professionals who treat members of the community
Members of the community who understand community needs
What percentage of all spending on health in the United States is devoted to public health funding?
3%
11%
28%
52%
In addition to ozone and particulates, which of the following pollutants is most likely to aggravate asthma?
arsenic
carbon monoxide
lead
sulfur dioxide
To ensure successful collaboration and partnership, as well as effective use of resources, a public health professional needs to identify key stakeholders in a new project. Which of the following will determine if an organization is truly one of the key stakeholders for this initiative?
The organization regulates the public health professional's work
The organization previously partnered with the public health professional
The public health professional's relationship with the organization is static
The public health professional can clearly identify what is needed from the organization
Which of the following terms describes the process of working with and through groups of people in partnerships and coalitions that help mobilize resources and influence systems to address their wellbeing?
Collaboration
Community action
Community engagement
Constituency development
A nonprofit grocery store is opening in a small community neighborhood with a vulnerable population. A banner hung under the business sign reads, "A community where no child will ever be hungry again." What kind of statement is this banner depicting?
goal
vision
mission
objective
Which of the following relationships most accurately describes a positively skewed distribution of human body weight measurements?
The mode is greater than the mean
The mean is greater than the median
The mean is less than the median
The mode is equal to the mean
Which communication technique makes it easier to understand and use health information?
plain language
common terminology
ethical communication
gender-neutral language
Following the implementation of the National Brucellosis Eradication Program, the annual economic losses due to brucellosis reduced from $400 million in 1950 to $1 million in 2016. The National Brucellosis Eradication Program is considered a success. Which of the following types of evaluation best measures the effect of this program?
process
formative
summative
participatory
The correlation between social status and health in economically developed countries is most likely explained by which of the following?
genetic differences
cultural and linguistic competency
health care financing and quality of services provided
chronic anxiety related to low social status in addition to lack of material resources
Voluntary evacuation plans for medically fragile individuals in a declared state of emergency need to be analyzed in terms of which of the following ethical principles?
incorporation of diversity
protection of individual liberty
feedback from the community
acting on information in a timely manner
A crucial step for establishing positive team interdependence is
determining deadlines
attending group meetings
establishing group member roles
managing communication patterns
A public health professional needs to bring a group of people to consensus on an issue quickly. There is significant conflict when they get together, and some tend to dominate others. Which of the following is the best approach for the professional to take?
Use the Delphi method
Conduct focus groups
Host an informal meeting in a casual setting
Hire a facilitator to run the meeting
A community recently completed a community health needs assessment. The process included a diverse set of community partners who identified nine priority issues. The steering committee decided that the list should be narrowed to no more than four issues. Which of the following processes should be used to prioritize the identified community needs?
Invite everyone who participated to a community meeting where they can hear the results and vote on priorities
Ask the steering committee to rank the nine priorities to narrow the list to four
Ask the health department staff to prepare a recommended list to be approved by the steering committee
Talk to local funding agencies to determine which activities they would likely support
The demonstration of flexibility, openness, and self-reflection so that cultural learning is possible when working in community partnerships, describes
cultural planning
cultural competency
community sensitivity
community diversity
A research group is examining factors that contribute to diabetes among underserved Latino adolescents. Parents provide informed consent for their children to participate in this observational study. As the study is only observational, no intervention is planned. Two years into the study, the FDA approved a drug that has been shown to prevent diabetes in adolescents. The research group continues to conduct the observational study without change to their study procedures. Which of the following statements is true about this research group?
They are behaving appropriately because the study was designed to be only observational in nature
They are behaving unethically by not informing participants of the available treatment
They are behaving unethically because they have not received consent from the adolescents themselves
They are behaving unethically because they have excluded all other ethnic backgrounds and are only studying Latinos
In an urban community, which of the following is most likely to contribute to the heat island effect?
reducing housing density
increasing the use of air-conditioning
minimizing areas of vegetation growth
increasing the number of power plants
An example of a health disparity is
an elderly population who receive low-cost dental care
a rural town served by a doctor with an office 50 miles away
physically disabled patients with access to Medicaid coverage
an unequal occurrence of sickle cell anemia across racial groups
In 2011, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) found that low-income individuals experience more barriers to health care and receive poorer quality of care. The best short-term recommendation for addressing this disparity is to
increase the number of medical specialty practices in the area
increase the federal percentage of payment for Medicaid services
expand cross-sector activities to enhance access to high-quality education, jobs, and economic opportunities
work with communities and local providers to implement policies and programs that address highest priority needs
The following table shows the incidence risk of oral cancer in cigarette smokers and non-smokers:
Oral Cancer Rates per 100,000
Smoker 35.0
Non-Smoker 18.0
The attributable risk of oral cancer due to cigarette smoking is equal to
35.0 / 18.0
35.0 - 18.0
35.0 x 18.0
35.0 + 18.0
A smoking cessation campaign highlights better health outcomes and a healthier environment. Which of the following social marketing principles is used in this campaign?
focusing on behavioral outcomes
maintaining a market perspective
prioritizing consumers' rather than marketers' benefits
developing a strategic marketing mix of communication elements
A mother and her child have lived in an area with poor air quality for several years, yet only the child shows symptoms of an environmentally linked respiratory disease. Which of the following is the most likely reason?
Young children show symptoms earlier than adults
Young children have higher metabolic and respiratory rates
Adults living in these areas develop tolerance to air pollutants
Adults are more likely to have comorbidities that mask the symptoms
Which of the following phases of the policy-making process includes a "window of opportunity"?
policy modification
policy rulemaking
policy formulation
policy implementation
Which of the following programs represents the greatest health expenditure at the state level?
direct public health care
Medicaid
state employee health benefits
State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP)
The times observed for completing a sorting task are scored in terms of order of finish. This is an example of
continuous data
interval data
nominal data
ordinal data
Which of the following best exemplifies a vision statement in a health department's strategic plan?
The department will provide quality, comprehensive, culturally proficient health services
The department will initiate a smoking education program in all primary schools in the region
The department is committed to protecting and promoting the health of the residents of the community
The department will provide extraordinary service to the community it serves, resulting in the healthiest community in the region
The landmark Institute of Medicine report in 1988 entitled The Future of Public Health, identified three core functions of public health as
epidemiology, health policy, and evaluation
surveillance, program development, and health policy
assessment, policy development, and assurance
administration, implementation, and monitoring
A budget statement for a public health program provides a detailed itemization of expenses and
fees
taxes
grants
revenue
The graph shown depicts the number of reported cases of paralytic poliomyelitis and the number of reported cases of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) in the United States from 1960 to 1996. Which of the following types of pattern describes the total number of cases from 1960 to 1996?
latent period
period effect
secular trend
cyclic change
The outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in 1993 in the Four Corners area of the Southwest resulted from an explosion in the population of deer mice. It is believed that the population increase resulted from an unusually wet spring that produced a more abundant than usual crop of piñon nuts, the major food source of the deer mouse in that area. An understanding of which of the following concepts is likely to be most pertinent to public health practitioners in preventing future outbreaks of this disease?
biotic potential of the piñon nut
effect of rainfall on homeostatic controls
environmental resistance factors of the deer mouse
environmental factors that limit the size of the deer mouse population
Which of the following best describes the value of an enterprise after all debts have been deducted from the assets?
profit
equity
liabilty
revenue
Leading by example best exemplifies which of the following styles of leadership?
strategic
visionary
delegative
participative
Which theory is best illustrated by the following statement?
"Learning occurs because of a reciprocal interaction of the person, environment, and behavior."
Social Cognitive Theory
Theory of Planned Behavior
Diffusion of Innovations Theory
Transtheoretical Model of Change
What is one of the critical components of community health practice?
social marketing
normative beliefs
stakeholder identification
institutional review board (IRB)
A recent report on suicide rates among indigenous youth noted that the incidence of suicide rates among the children and youth of the Inuit population living in northern arctic region is five times higher when compared to the rates in rest of Canada. The government has recently asked for policy options to be drafted that could help reduce the incidence of these suicides. Which of the following potential stakeholders is key to be engaged in this process?
physicians working in urban cities
local school district board
local municipalities
non-profit organizations
A public health team recently completed a series of presentations at local high schools on the dangers of smoking and vaping. The following participant evaluation results were obtained:
ItemMean (1 = strongly disagree; 5 = strongly agree)
The presenters kept my attention for the whole presentation - 3.82
The presenters were knowledgeable on the topic - 4.25
The presenters clearly answered our questions - 3.96
Additional participant comments:
"Videos used seemed really old. I think my mom probably watched this when she was in school."
"I liked the presenters, but they talked too much."
"Good information, but I don't feel like they get why some of us smoke."
"I am so tired of being lectured about things like this."
"We've heard this before – waste of time."
Which of the following is the best next step?
Review the evaluation results and consider enhancements to the program
Select a new program because the participant comments were consistently negative
Obtain feedback from school principals regarding how well the program was received by the students
Make no changes to the program because the quantitative survey responses were consistently positive
Which of the following is a common threat to validity with adapting an evidence-based practice to a specific population?
maintaining fidelity
obtaining grantor approval
having resources available
achieving community uptake
A health department implemented a new marketing strategy to increase flu vaccination rates. The evaluation shows that there was an overall increase except in the Hispanic population. Which evaluation method best helps collect the information needed to better understand this outcome in the community?
Examine nationwide data to see if the local results are part of a larger trend
Interview leaders and health care providers in the local Hispanic community
Talk to colleagues in other jurisdictions about strategies that have been successful for them
Meet with colleagues to discuss their observations when working with the Hispanic community
Which definition describes an organization balance sheet?
a review of true expenses
an annual overview of fundraising
a summary of assets and liabilities
the amount of money owed to personnel
Recreational water quality in the United States is most affected by which of the following types of pollution?
urban runoff after a rain event
factory wastewater
oil spilled from boat motors
organic decomposition from weeds and rushes
Which source of United States law gives power to health departments?
treaties
statutes
regulations
common law
Which of the following complaints is most likely to result in the investigation of a restaurant?
One person reported becoming ill after eating at the restaurant
Two people became ill, one with a migraine headache and one with diarrhea, after eating at the restaurant
Three friends became ill with vomiting within 4 hours of eating the same food items
Five family members developed diarrhea within 48 hours of eating at the restaurant
A public health researcher has been appointed to a regional agency that is assigned to manage and implement a community-based participatory research project. Which of the following is the first step in achieving strong community support for the project?
hiring community-based recruiters
accepting an invitation to a radio show to discuss the project
posting flyers to inform the community about the research project
establishing an advisory group of community residents to guide the project
When developing a strategic plan, which of the following analyses can identify how an organization relates to its external environment?
return on investment (ROI)
request for proposals (RFP)
responsible, accountable, consulted, and informed (RACI)
strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT)
A health department received a confirmed case of measles in a 10-year-old. The health department has been asked to exclude all unvaccinated students from the school for 3 weeks to attempt to stop the spread of measles. The county administrator is concerned about excluding healthy children from the school and the backlash from an anti-vaccination organization in the community. Although it is legal to exclude children from school, the health department needs to determine what choice is ethically defensible. Which public health ethical principles are in conflict in this situation?
building the public's trust versus empowering disenfranchised community members to ensure health access
respecting the rights of individual community members versus addressing the fundamental causes of disease
acting on health problems in a timely manner versus maintaining confidentiality of an individual or community
respecting the values, beliefs, and cultures in the community versus implementing public health programs that enhance the social environment
A researcher wants to conduct a study of hookah use in a college town. He plans to use the PRECEDE-PROCEED Planning Model. Which of the following is an example of a reinforcing factor in this situation?
feeling relaxed after using hookah
self-efficacy to decline using a hookah
having multiple hookah cafes around campus
knowledge of the health effects of hookah use
Which of the following is the largest source of funding for core local public health services in the United States?
federal funding
state sales tax revenues
local government revenue
Medicaid and other fee revenue
The PEPFAR program was created to respond to which of the following global health concerns?
malaria
tuberculosis
dengue fever
HIV/AIDS
Which of the following professionals make up the largest percentage of the public health workforce?
epidemiologists
health educators
nurses
sanitarians
Which of the following statements best addresses the concern that community-based participatory research (CBPR) leads to compromised and weak research methodologies?
CBPR is particularly appropriate for addressing racial/ethnic and other types of health disparities which have multiple individual and community-level determinants
Awareness of power differentials between academics and community members is critical in the research process, dependent upon the level to which CBPR is employed
Although working in community settings presents challenges and may sacrifice some external validity, the CBPR approach can increase internal validity
Community partners provide researchers with unique insights into the local context that could potentially lead to more effective interventions and sustainable effects
Evidence-based guidelines for the communication of public health risks and disasters recommend which of the following practices?
being available to the media during a crisis
stating "no comment" when the level of risk is unknown
maintaining a professional separation from media sources
limiting the background information presented to the media
Which of the following are four Ps in social marketing?
people, purpose, place, post
purpose, pay, place, population
product, price, place, promotion
position, price, population, promotion
Which of the following characteristics of a community is considered a protective factor that reduces the risk of child neglect or maltreatment in the community?
high social capital
high human capital
high financial capital
high professional capital
Under the Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA), schools must be inspected for asbestos hazards. Which of the following is the public health basis for this regulation?
Children are likely to have behaviors that will expose them to asbestos in schools
It is not feasible to regulate exposures in the home environments and schools are the next best location
Asbestos was primarily placed in schools because the fire-retardant properties are protective of children
Diseases associated with exposure to asbestos may have an extended latency period, putting exposed children at risk later in their lives
A state health department has been granted legal authority to promulgate regulations regarding the prevention of disease transmission in body art establishments. Which of the following strategies is the most practical for monitoring the enforcement of these regulations statewide?
Require body art establishments to self-report infections among their clients
Establish a toll-free number for persons receiving body art services to report infections
Distribute educational materials about disease transmission, body art, and the new regulations
Create agreements with local health departments to inspect the establishments and report outcomes
The health department is committed to protecting and promoting the health of the country's residents. Which of the following components of a strategic plan does this statement represent?
objective
vision
mission
goal
Reduce the number of teenagers who begin to smoke. Which of the following components of a strategic plan does this statement represent?
goal
mission
objective
vision
Look at image.
Q: The value depicted by the arrow identifies which of the following?
mode
50th percentile
75th percentile
upper adjacent value
The local health department is developing educational materials about prediabetes for an immigrant community. In communication efforts, it is most important to keep in mind that materials should be
focused on scientific information about prediabetes in the community
written in a culturally and linguistically appropriate manner
written at a 6th-grade reading level
available online in various lanaguages
Setting a goal to improve population health status is referred to as which of the following processes?
intervening
facilitating
organizing
planning
Compulsory vaccination poses a potential ethical dilemma primarily because of which of the following?
the scope of authority of legislators vs. the medical credientials of lobbyists
the benefit of the vaccine vs. the risks associated with the vaccine
the patient's right to refuse treatment vs. the right for a society to protect itself
the universal availability of a vaccine vs. the financial incentives within the supply chain
Which of the following statements best describes an intent-to-treat analysis?
dermal absorption of particulates and gaseous emissions
inhalation of particulates and gaseous emissions
ingestion of agricultural products that have accumulated settled particulates
ingestion of drinking water that has accumulated settled particulates
The program planners seek to develop a collaborative partnership with the restaurant owners and the other community stakeholders. Which of the following is the most appropriate first step at the start of the project to achieve this goal?
Hire a nutrition consultant to analyze five menu items at each of the seven participating restaurants
Hold a meeting with the members of the partnership to discuss the initiative
Present restaurant owners with research evidence on the financial benefits of lowering the prices of their healthier options
Send a notice to all restaurants asking them to develop new healthy menu options
Which of the following describes an effort toward secondary prevention?
giving an aspirin to people with existing heart disease to lessen the risk of heart attack
providing bicycle helmets to grade school children to decrease the incidence of bicycle-related head injuries
giving folic acid to pregnant women to prevent birth defects in their babies
providing speech therapy to patients who have had a stroke to improve communication
Which of the following is the equation for Return on Investment (ROI)?
Cost of Investment / Financial Return
(Financial Return - Cost of Investment) / Cost of Investment
(Financial Return + Cost of Investment) / Financial Return
Financial Return / Cost of Investment
Which of the following essential public health services is an assurance practice?
analyzing the determinants of identified health needs
investigating the occurrence of the health effects and hazards in the community
building constituencies in the community
informing and educating the public
Using the socioecological model, which of the following would be an appropriate intervention to address the interpersonal-level of the model?
development of a health education campaign about healthy eating
establishment of social support groups for smoking cessation
collaboration with city planners to create bike lanes on local roads
subsidization of anti-hypertensive medications for low-income residents
