This is the practice of review by the US Supreme Court of the constitutional validity of a legislative act or executive action.

This was a landmark U.S. Supreme Court case that established the principle of judicial review in the United States.

This was an act that, among other things, was used by the lame duck President John Adams in his last 19 days in office to stack the U.S. federal court system with as many pro-Federalist judges as possible.

This was the acquisition of a large swathe of territory west of the Mississippi River by the United States from France in 1803.

This was an agreement between the United States and Spain in 1819 that ceded Florida to the U.S. and defined the boundary between the U.S. and New Spain.

This is an agreement between the United Kingdom and the United States that was signed on June 15, 1846. The agreement brought an end to the boundary dispute in the Pacific Northwest by settling competing American and British claims.

This was an armed conflict between the United States and Mexico from 1846 to 1848.

This was a widely held cultural belief in the 19th-century United States that American settlers were destined to expand across North America.

This was an agreement in which Mexico ceded 55 percent of its territory to the United States, relinquished all claims to Texas, and recognized the Rio Grande as the southern boundary with the United States.

This was an American political party in the late-18th and early-19th century that advocated a stronger national government and commercial activity; the party dominated the federal courts for the early part of the 19th century.

This was an American political party in the late-18th and early-19th century that advocated the extension of democracy to a wider populace, small-scale farming, and the expansion of territory for farmland.

This was the territory that gained independence from Mexico in 1836 and was later voluntarily annexed by the United States in 1845. Disputes over its border with Mexico led to war between Mexico and the U.S.

This was the winner of the Presidential Election of 1800 and leader of the Democratic-Republican party.

This was an act in 1830 in which coerced the American Indians in the southeast to move west of the Mississippi.

This was the forced march in which thousands of Cherokee peoples who attempted to stop relocation died from disease and starvation.

This was a diplomatic policy by the United States which threatened war with any European powers who interfered with newly-independent states in the Western Hemisphere.

This was an act in 1862 that granted 160 acres of federal land to settlers who could maintain and improve the land.