1.     Defined as rate of 150-250 bpm with irregular rhythm and spindle-node pattern QRS complexes

1.     Defined as rate of 120-250 bpm with regular rhythm and marked variation and inconsistency seen on QRS complexes

1.     In the 2020 American Heart Association Adult Tachycardia with a Pulse Algorithm, what is the recommended dosage for Synchronized cardioversion?

1.     Which of the following drugs is not used in Tachyarrhythmias?

1.     Which of the following causes bradycardia

1.    You can predict easy intubation in a patient who

1.    You can safely manage the airway in a patient with suspected cervical spine injury by:

1.    Subjective criteria for awake extubation except:

1.    Use of oropharyngeal devices

1.    Contraindications of nasopharyngeal airways except:

1.    Gold standard for verification of tracheal intubation:

1.    The following are physical exam features with airway management complications except:

1.    Difficulty with cricothyrotomy can be anticipated with all of the following except:

1.    Predicted difficulties during intubation with fiberoptic bronchoscope include:

1.    A decision to intubate should be based on which essential criteria?

1.     TRUE regarding ophthalmic drugs:

1.     Components of pseudococaine:

1.     A 30 year old male beautician presented to the emergency room with a false nail embedded in his right eye. Apparently he had a fight with a coworker in salon that he works in. He had eaten a full meal before the catfight. He will undergo an emergency operation. Which of the following is the correct management?

1.     A 30 year old male beautician presented to the emergency room with a false nail embedded in his right eye. Apparently he had a fight with a coworker in salon that he works in. He had eaten a full meal before the catfight. He will undergo an emergency operation. Which of the following is the correct management?

1.     A 30 year old male beautician presented to the emergency room with a false nail embedded in his right eye. Apparently he had a fight with a coworker in salon that he works in. He had eaten a full meal before the catfight. He will undergo an emergency operation. Which of the following is the correct management?

1.     TRUE regarding systemic ophthalmic drugs:

1.     Several anesthetic options are available for many types of ocular procedures which includes which of the following:

1.     Several anesthetic options are available for many types of ocular procedures which includes which of the following:

1.     Epinephrine is useful in open-angle glaucoma but has serious side effects. Because of this, what is considered as a good alternative for epinephrine?

1.     A 45 year old male with an incidental finding of an intact cerebral aneurysm, will undergo an emergency ocular procedure. Which of the following drugs should not be used due to a notoriously predilection for inducing cerebral hemorrhage?

Concurrent administration of all of the following anticoagulants and thrombolytic therapy shpuld be avoided when planning for neuraxial blockade except for

12. A 76 year old female is to undergo a right femoral neck fracture repair. You perform a spinal anesthetic using 1.5 ml 0.5% bupivacaine mixed  with 100 ug of preservative free morphine. How long should the patient be monitored for postoperative apnea/hypoventilation secondary to the intrathecal morphine administration?

You were involved in a complicated left lower leg procedure (open reduction internal fixation of proximal tibia-fibula fracture repair), where the final total tourniquet tie was 3 hours and 15 minutes. In the PACU. The patient showed no signs of any peripheral nerve injury of the left lower extremity. However, On postoperative day 2, you discovered that the patient required hemodialysis secondary to rhabdomyolysis. Which of the following could be responsible for the rhabdomyolysis?

A 56 year old female with medical history significant of obesity (BMI 50), hypertension, diabetes (IDDM), tobacco use and asthma is scheduled for bilateral hip replacement surgery. Preoperative laboratory results show a hematocrit of 45%, blood urea nitrogen of 25 mg/dl, and creatinine of 1.0 mg/dl. Immediately following application of cement foe the second hip, the patient became hypotensive with sinus tachycardia. Arterial blood gas results reveal a Hct 23% that responds to a crystalloid fluid bolus and blood transfusion (2L crystalliods, 1 L albumin, and 2 U packed red blood cells). The possible cause(s) for the hypotension is/are

15. A 68 year old female (5’1” and 250 lbs) with a medical history of chronic lower back pain and radiculopathy in the lumbar 4 to sacral 1 vertebral levels presents for anterior and posterior fusion. Her home medications include methadone 75 mg daily, oxycodone 10 mg every3 hours as needed, a fentanyl patch 50ug/h. the patient stated she has 7/10 pain daily. All of the following should be comsidered in the perioperative pain management regimen for this patient, except

All of the following can be used to assist in reducing the amount of perioperative surgical blood loss in orthopedic procedures except?

All of the following statements when positioning patients for spine surgery in the prone position are true except?

The most incorrect statement regarding postoperative vision loss (POVL) that may occur during prone positioning in spine surgery patients is

After 180 minutes of tourniquet time during a difficult right total knee arthroplasty in a patient under sedation and intraoperative anesthesia provided by a combined spinal-epidural, the tourniquet is released and surgical closure is started. The patient may experience all the following subsequent to tourniquet release except

The most incorrect statement regarding placement of a femoral perineural catheter for pain management during unilateral knee replacement surgery in  a femoral nerve block when compared to neuraxial blockade

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of acetaminophen?

You are consulted on a patient with a history of chronic back pain who is now on the first postoperative day from a L4-L5 fusion surgery. He tells you that he has a “high tolerance” to opioids and his pain is currently 8/10 when he moves, so you decide to start him on a multimodal regimen for pain control. His medical history is significant for chronic kidney disease and depression. He is currently taking ciprofloxacin per his surgical team. Which of the following medications should not be included as part of a multimodal regimen?

Which of the following agents or drugs is most likely to have a similar

mechanism of action to ketamine?

A 60-year-old man with bilateral radicular pain in his legs presents 4 weeks

after implantation of a spinal cord stimulator (SCS) with dual percutaneous

leads. He had reported greater than 50% pain relief with his SCS trial and also

reports feeling well after implantation of his SCS. He has therefore greatly

increased his daily activity. He now complains of paresthesias in his lower

abdominal region and worsening pain in his legs. His neurologic exam is

unremarkable. There is no pain on palpation of his lower back. His incision site is clean, dry, and intact and he is afebrile. Which of the following most likely explains this presentation?

. Which of the following areas is targeted by SCSs?

A patient with a history of unresectable pancreatic cancer presents to your

office because his current pain control regimen, Tylenol and hydromorphone (2- 4 mg every 4 h as needed), is no longer sufficient. He reports that when he

began this regimen 6 months ago, his pain was under good control and he could remain active. However, now he reports worsening back pain that limits his ability to walk. He asks whether it would be reasonable to increase his dose of hydromorphone at this time. Which of the following phenomena best describes this situation?

A patient with a history of prostate cancer with metastases to his spine

causing back pain presents to your office. You have been managing his opioid

prescriptions for over a year, and during that time he has required increasing

doses of hydromorphone to treat his back pain. He currently takes 8-10 mg of

dilaudid every 3 hours. When questioned about his pain, he describes a diffuse pain that affects his arms and legs. His back pain is also present. Which of the following receptors or family of receptors is thought to be involved in this phenomenon?

In the perioperative period, patients maintained on Suboxone will most likely experience which of the following?

Which of the following effects would be likely to occur after parenteral

injection of Suboxone in a patient actively taking heroin?

A 76-year-old man with pancreatic cancer and chronic abdominal pain admits to his pain specialist that he has been giving his son, who has chronic back pain, some of his oxycodone pills. Which of the following terms best characterizes this situation?