He proved that ''Idiots'' and thought of as “un-trainable,” could be taught and learn to function effectively.

- Developed a “mental test” that measures strength, resistance to pain, and reaction time.

Also he founded the Psychological Corp.

He developed the first truly psychological test of mental ability

revised the Binet test for use in the US in 1916

President of APA during World War I.

- Army Alpha

- Army Beta

Army Mental Tests (aptitude quizzes) were conducted to assign US servicemen jobs.

The Office of Strategic Services (OSS) used a variety of procedures and measurement tools in selecting military personnel for highly specialized positions.

questions on vocabulary, basic math, and analogies

Provide multiple-choice questions that are standardized on a large sample.

- Compares the results of new examinees.

Advantages: Relatively easy to administer and to score

Disadvantages: Lack of subjectivity

1923: development of standardized achievement tests.

1930: superiority of standardized achievement tests to essay tests (objective, reliable)

1937: Stanford-Binet was again revised

performance IQ (does not require a verbal response)

the first version of Wechsler Intelligence Scales, permits an analysis of an individual’s pattern or combination of abilities

emphasis on language and verbal skills

The earliest personality tests were structured paper-and pencil group tests.

- Multiple-choice and true-false questions

developed the first structured personality test during World War I known as Woodworth Personal Data Sheet

first published the Rorschach test in 1921

The first Rorschach doctoral dissertation was not completed until 1932, when Sam Beck decided to investigate its properties scientifically.

developed by Henry Murray and Christina Morgan in 1935.

It required the subject to make up a story about an ambiguous scene.

- Measures human needs and ascertain individual differences in motivation.

used empirical methods to determine the meaning of a test response.

- true or false test

introduced by Raymond Cattell

process of measuring psychology-related variables.

- designed to obtain a sample of behavior

- Method of finding the minimum number of dimensions, called factors.

- identifies how much similar factors overlap and if they can be subsumed under a single dimension.

gathering and integration of psychology-related data for the purpose of making a psychological evaluation.

Typically, to obtain some gauge usually numerical in nature, with regard to an ability or attribute.

Typically, to answer a referral question, solve a problem, or arrive at a decision through the use of tools of evaluation.

Testing may be individual or group in nature.

Assessment is typically individualized. In contrast to testing, assessment more typically focuses on how an individual processes rather than simply the results of that processing.

The tester is not key to the process; practically speaking, one tester may be substituted for another tester

The assessor is key to the process of selecting tests and/or other tools of evaluation as well as in drawing conclusions from the entire evaluation.

Testing typically requires technician-like skills in terms of administering and scoring a test.

Assessment typically requires an educated selection of tools of evaluation, skill in evaluation, and thoughtful organization and integration of data

Typically, testing yields a test score or series of test scores.

Typically, assessment entails a logical problemsolving approach that brings to bear many sources of data designed to shed light on a referral question.

The Process of Assessment:

Referral - Meeting between assessor and assessee - Assessor selects the tools of assessment to be used - Formal assessment begins - Assessor writes a report of the findings - Feedback sessions with assessee and/or third parties.

the assessor and the assessee may work as “partners” from initial contact through final feedback

therapeutic selfdiscovery and new understandings are encouraged throughout the assessment process

An interactive approach to psychological assessment

Dynamic Assessment:

Evaluation - Intervention of some sort (feedback, hints, instruction, therapy, etc) - Evaluation

A measurement device or technique used to quantify behavior or aid in the understanding and prediction of behavior.

procedure designed to measure variables related to psychology.

- Involves analysis of a sample of behavior

subject matter of the test

pertains to the form, plan, structure, arrangement, and layout of test items also time limits.

also used to refer to the form in which a test is administered: computerized, pencil-and-paper, etc.

process of assigning such evaluative codes or statements to performance on tests, tasks, interviews, or other behavior samples.

a reference point derived by judgement and used to divide a set of data into two or more classifications

refers to how consistently and how accurately a psychological test measures what it purports to measure.

the science of psychological measurement

usefulness or practical value

measurement that is psychological nature

THE PORTFOLIO (types of PORTFOLIO)

- Employers of commercial artists

- Employers of on-air radio talent

- Educational setting

on the impressiveness of an applicant’s portfolio of sample drawings

judgments of audio samples of candidate’s previous work

writing skills – selection of writing samples

Refers to records, transcripts, and other accounts in written, pictorial, or other form that preserve archival information.

- Data and items relevant to an assessee.

Parts of CASE HISTORY DATA

- Clinical Evaluation

- Neuropsychological Evaluation

past and current adjustment, as well as events and circumstances that may have contributed to any changes in adjustment

functioning prior to occurrence of trauma or other events

Monitor actions of others or oneself by visual or electronic means while recording quantitative and/or qualitative information regarding the actions

Assessees are directed to act as if they were in a particular situation, and are evaluated with regard to their expressed thoughts, behaviors, abilities, and other variables.

mediate a hypothetical dispute between personnel at a work site

Computer assisted psychological assessment: CAPA

Assisted: assistance computers provided to the test user, not the test taker

Computer adaptive testing: CAT

Adaptive: reference to the computer’s ability to tailor the test to the test taker’s ability or pattern

Test developers and publishers create tests or other methods of assessment • Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing (Standards)

Professionals including clinicians, counselors, school psychologists, social psychologists

Anyone who is the subject of assessment or an evaluation

reconstruction of a deceased individual’s psychological profile

As society evolves and as the need to measure different psychological variables emerges, test developers respond by devising new tests.

Companies that offer test-scoring or interpretation services. • People who market and sell tests. • Academicians who review tests and evaluate psychometric soundness