The subdivision of language dealing with the meaning of words, phrases, and sentences is morphology

The end products of articulatory motor processes that represent physical sound realities are called phonetic variations, speech sounds, and allophonic variations.

The repertoire of phonemes which are used contrastively by an individual is the phonetic inventory

The clusters [sk] and [ks] cannot occur in the same word positions in General American English. This is an example of the phonetic inventory

Minimal pairs are exemplified by the following set of words, [hit] and [sit]

The following concepts would be associated with the assessment of a phonological impairment: phonemic inventory, phonotactics, and phonotactic constraints

Articulation disorders reflect difficulties with central linguistic abilities

Communication disorders include speech disorders, language disorders, and hearing disorders

[sk] at the beginning of a word or syllable is not a typical phonotactic possibility of General American English?

Consonants are a group of speech sounds produced with significant constriction within the vocal tract

Fricatives are a specific group of speech sounds produced with a relatively more open expiratory passageway

[ɹ] is not considered a sonorant

A consonant that functions as a syllable nucleus is referred to as a syllabic

The terms rounded and unrounded refer to the degree of muscular activity involved in the articulation

The vowel usually produced in "beet" is a dipthong

[eɪ ] is considered to be a nonphonemic diphthong 

[u] is a high-back vowel

During consonant production, coarticulation refers to the vocal fold vibration

Sibilants are a subcategory of plosives

According to the International Phonetic Alphabet, laterals are consonants in which there is a much wider passage of air resulting in a smooth (as opposed to turbulent) airflow

[t] is described as a voiceless velar plosive

The International Phonetic Alphabet offers a one-to-one correspondence between phoneme realizations and perceptual categories

Phonetic transcription is descriptive meaning that every sound has many different symbols

Diacritics are phonetic symbols for specific phonemes

The posterior movement of the tongue placement in the direction of the velum for palatal sounds is referred to as palatalization

The phonetic level is related to the surface level form while the phonemic level is related to speech sounds

The binary system of distinctive features refers to the two levels, surface level phonetic form and underlying functional level

Distinctive features can be used clinically to demonstrate patterns of errors

Naturalness (as opposed to markedness) relates to the relative simplicity of the sound production and its high frequency of occurrence in many languages

The concept of phonological processes was introduced in natural phonology

Limitation, ordering, and suppression are terms not associated with generative phonology

According to Stampe, phonological processes are only evidenced in children with disordered articulation

Unlike distinctive feature analysis, natural phonology can categorize syllable structure changes

Feature geometry is a constraint-based approach

In optimality theory constraints are based on principles of markedness

In optimality theory the relation between the input and the output is mediated by two formal mechanisms: the surface level and deep structure representation

Prelinguistic behavior refers to the gradual articulatory mastery of speech sound

The respiratory, phonatory, resonatory, and articulatory mechanisms of the young infant reflect exclusively primary functions

At around 6 to 8 months of age, the infant's vocal tract approximates the adult shape. This coincides with the production of first words

During the cooing and laughter the child begins to communicate to adults through imitation games with vocal productions.

During the stage 2 - cooing and laughter stage the child produce strings of utterances which are modulated primarily by intonation, rhythm, and pausing

Prosodic features consist of pitch reflected in intonation, loudness reflected in stress, and tempo variations, including duration

Item learning refers to the type of learning in which the child acquires phonemic principles which apply to the phonology of that particular language.

Frequent use of consonant clusters is not a characteristic of the first-50-word stage.

Consonant cluster reduction is suppressed at a relatively later age

Phonological awareness uses a single modality that is visual.

The term appraisal refers to using standardized tests.

A standardized speech assessment always provides a standardized score

Stimulability assessment is important because it provides the clinician with a measure of the child's consistency on two different tasks

Phonological awareness testing is suggested for all children with speech sound disorders

Feeding and babbling behavior should be used to supplement the speech mechanism examination of a young child

Constraints on sound sequences refers to a reduced inventory of vowels

Distribution of speech sounds refers to analyzing where the norm and aberrant productions occur within a word

A phonological process analysis attempts to capture syllable constraints