Prefaces the study by providing a summary of the main idea and is

usually short and concise.

(a)  

must contain the following elements:

a. the subject matter or research problem.

b. the setting or locale of the study.

c. the respondents or participants involved in the study; and

d. the time or period when the study was conducted (If the title becomes

too long because of these elements, the timeframe or period may be

omitted except in evaluation studies.

(a)  

must be broad enough to include all aspects of the study but should be brief and concise

as possible.

(a)  

The use of terms as (a)   and the like should be avoided. All these are

understood to have been done in a research.

If the title contains more than one line, it should be written in

(a)  

When typed or encoded in the title page, all words in the title should be in

(a)  

the title should not be longer than

(a)  

To shorten the title, delete the terms (a)   these are already emphasized

in the text.

tells what is done to make

the situation that exists more

like what it should be; and exposes anything that is

wrong with the situation or

condition or circumstance

which is being described.

(a)  

is the first part of

the problem where the researcher states the object.

(a)  

This is a statement of a long-term objective expected to

be achieved by the study.

(a)  

This is derived by the identification and crystallization of

the research problem and as reflected in the title.

(a)  

- The specific questions which are to be answered in the

study.

- The problem should be limited enough in making a

definite conclusion possible.

(a)  

The major statement or question maybe followed by minor

statements or questions. The introductory statement must be

the purpose/aim or the objective of the study.

(a)  

If the goal is specifically to test a given hypothesis then the

state so. In many cases, the objective will be a more general

statement than that of a hypothesis.

(a)  

are the specific topical questions

that one must resolve to achieve research objective or test

the research hypothesis.

(a)  

4 types of a good research question

(a)  

Is the research

problem

possible? Will

it not spend an

unreasonable

amount?

(a)  

Ask if your

research

questions are

relevant or

important to ask.

(a)  

always consider

the welfare of

people, animals,

or who so ever

involved in your

study

(a)  

2 general types of research question:

(a)  

•Question of value

• Answerable by Yes or No

(a)  

•Question of value, opinions, or policy raised to gather

data.

• Uses WH-Question

(a)  

focuses on observing and reporting factors

or aspects of the research problem.

(a)  

aim to determine the relationships among

two or more variables in your research

problem.

(a)  

attempt to identify the causes of the

phenomenon in the context of your

research problem.

(a)  

suggests that answers to these questions

are brought about by manipulation or

control of a certain variable during the

conduct of the study.

(a)  

It specifies what is covered in

terms of concept, number of

subjects or the population

included in the study, as well as

the timeline when the study was

conducted.

(a)  

by citing factors or variables that

are not to be included and the

boundary in terms of time frame,

number of subjects, participants

or respondents who are excluded.

(a)  

the topic of investigation and the variables included

(a)  

the venue or the setting of the research

(a)  

the time frame by which the study was conducted

(a)  

the general objectives of the research

(a)  

the subject of the study, the population and sampling?

(a)  

the methodology of the research which may include the research

design, methodology and the research instrument

(a)  

It is a compilation of

studies related to a specific

area of research.

(a)  

It evaluates, classifies and

summarizes all the relevant

previous studies conducted

on a specified topic.

(a)  

3 different sources of rrl

(a)  

diaries, people, events,

and surveys.

(a)  

news (television, radio,

Internet, books, magazines)

(a)  

encyclopedias and time

almanacs

(a)  

is using other people’s words and ideas without giving them

credit. It is a form of intellectual stealing. (Write Source 2007, 369).

(a)  

To avoid stealing intellectual property and to maintain credibility in your

writing, you must employ

(a)  

It is widely used for identifying research sources in the

field of arts and

literature.

(a)  

mla uses Uses the term “ ” in the bibliography section.

It employs parenthetical citations in the text.

(a)  

Is a style guide for American English that covers topics from

manuscript preparation to grammar, usage, and how to

format citations.

(a)  

two different citation systems of cms

(a)  

which is used in the arts and humanities

(a)  

which is used in physical, natural,

and social sciences

(a)  

It is widely used for identifying research paper sources in the

field of social sciences.

(a)  

apa uses Uses the term " ” in the bibliography section. It

employs in-text citations in the text. This format or citation

guide will be used in the learner’s research paper.

(a)  

The last name of the author and the year of publication

are inserted in the text at the appropriate point from

theory on bounded rationality (Simon, 1945)

➢

Simon (1945) posited that if the name of the author or

the date appear as part of the narrative, cite only

missing information in parentheses.

(a)  

When a work has two authors, always cite both author’s last name

and joined with an

(a)  

In the narrative text, join the names with the word “ "

(a)  

When a work has three, four or five authors, cite all authors the first

time the reference occurs.

(a)  

In all subsequent citations per paragraph, include only the ____ of

the first author followed by “ ” (Latin for “and others”) and the ____.

(a)  

Works by associations, corporations, government agencies, etc.:

The names of groups that serve as authors (corporate authors) are

usually written out each time they appear in a text reference.

(a)  

When appropriate, the names of some corporate authors are spelled

out in the first reference and abbreviated in all subsequent citations. The

general rule for abbreviations in this manner is to supply enough

information in the text citation for a reader to locate its source in the

Reference List without difficulty.

(a)  

When a work has no author, use the first or words of the

work’s title (omitting any initial articles) as your text reference,

capitalizing each word. Place the title in ____ if it refers to

an article, chapter of a book, or Web page. ____ the title if it refers to

a book, periodical, brochure, or report.

(a)  

should be listed as such followed by a comma and

the date.

(a)  

To cite a specific part of a source (always necessary for quotations),

include the page, chapter, etc. (with appropriate abbreviations) in the

in-text citation.

(a)  

If page numbers are not included in electronic sources (such as Web-

based journals), provide the paragraph number preceded by the

abbreviation “ .” Or the heading and following paragraph.

(a)  

It is a symbolic construction which uses

abstract concepts, facts or laws, variable

and their relations that explain and

predict how an observed phenomenon

exists and operates.

(a)  

This framework presents specific

and well-defined concepts which

are called constructs.

(a)  

This section includes

sources of information taken from

books, journals, magazines,

novels, poetry, and many others.

(a)  

This section includes

published and unpublished

research studies.

(a)