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WorksheetsABSORPTION COSTING Vs. VARIABLE COSTING (Management Science)
Total questions: 28
Worksheet time: 27mins
In an income statement prepared as an internal report using variable costing, variable selling and administrative expenses would
not be used.
be used in the computation of the contribution margin.
be used in the computation of net operating income but not in the computation of the contribution margin.
be treated the same as fixed selling and administrative expenses.
Which of the following is true of a company that uses absorption costing?
Net operating income fluctuates directly with changes in sales volume.
Fixed production and fixed selling costs are considered to be product costs.
Unit product costs can change as a result of changes in the number of units manufactured.
Variable selling expenses are included in product costs.
Which of the following statements is true for a firm that Absorption costing:
expenses marketing costs as cost of goods sold
treats direct manufacturing costs as a period cost
includes fixed manufacturing overhead as an inventoriable cost
is required for internal reports to managers
The contribution-margin format of the income statement:
is used with absorption costing
highlights the lump sum of fixed manufacturing costs
distinguishes manufacturing costs from nonmanufacturing costs d. calculates gross margin
calculates gross margin
When monthly production volume is constant and sales volume is less than production, net income determined with variable costing procedures will
always be greater than net income determined using absorption costing.
always be less than net income determined using absorption costing.
be equal to net income determined using absorption costing.
be equal to contribution margin per unit times units sold.
Absorption costing is required for all of the following except:
generally accepted accounting principles
determining a competitive selling price
external reporting to shareholders
income tax reporting
If the unit level of inventory increases during an accounting period, then:
less operating income will be reported under absorption costing than variable costing
more operating income will be reported under absorption costing than variable costing
operating income will be the same under absorption costing and variable costing
the exact effect on operating income cannot be determined
The difference between operating incomes under variable costing and absorption costing centers on how to account for:
direct materials costs
fixed manufacturing costs
variable manufacturing costs
Both b and c are correct.
One possible means of determining the difference between operating incomes for absorption costing and variable costing is by:
subtracting sales of the previous period from sales of this period
subtracting fixed manufacturing overhead in beginning inventory from fixed manufacturing overhead in ending inventory
multiplying the number of units produced by the budgeted fixed manufacturing cost rate
adding fixed manufacturing costs to the production-volume variance
When comparing the operating incomes between absorption costing and variable costing, and beginning finished inventory exceeds ending finished inventory, it may be assumed that:
sales increased during the period
variable cost per unit is less than fixed cost per unit
there is an unfavorable production-volume variance
variable costing operating income exceeds absorption costing operating income
Which of the following statements is false?
Absorption costing allocates fixed manufacturing overhead to actual units produced during the period.
Nonmanufacturing costs are expensed in the future under variable costing.
Fixed manufacturing costs in ending inventory are expensed in the future under absorption costing.
Operating income under absorption costing is higher than operating income under variable costing whenproduction units exceed sales units.
Which of the following costing methods provide(s) the added benefit of usefulness for external reporting purposes?
I. Variable.
II. Absorption.
I only.
II only.
Both I and II.
Neither I nor II.
Profit under absorption costing may differ from profit determined under variable costing. How is this difference calculated?
Change in the quantity of all units in inventory times the relevant fixed costs per unit.
Change in the quantity of all units produced times the relevant fixed costs per unit.
Change in the quantity of all units in inventory times the relevant variable cost per unit.
Change in the quantity of all units produced times the relevant variable cost per unit.
The costing system that classifies costs by functional group only is
standard costing.
job order costing.
variable costing.
absorption costing.
The traditional method of product costing in which both fixed and variable manufacturing costs are treated as product costs and charged to inventories.
Direct costing.
Discretionary costing.
Full costing.
Correct answer not given.
Lauder Company produces a single product. During March, the company had net operating income under absorption costing that was P3,500 lower than under variable costing. The company sold 7,000 units in March, and its variable costs were P7 per unit, of which P3 was variable selling expense. If fixed manufacturing overhead was P2 per unit under absorption costing, then how many units did the company produce during March?
5,250 units
8,750 units
6,500 units
6,125 units
Company B produces a single product. The company had 16,000 units in its beginning inventory. During the year, the company's variable production costs were P6 per unit and its fixed manufacturing overhead costs were P4 per unit. The company's net operating income for the year was P24,000 higher under absorption costing than it was under variable costing. Given these facts, the number of units in the ending inventory must have been:
22,000 units
10,000 units
6,000 units
4,000 units
At a sales level of P365,000, Lewis Company's gross margin is P20,000 less than its contribution margin, its netoperating income is P70,000, and its selling and administrative expenses total P130,000 At this sales level, itscontribution margin would be:
P295,000
P180,000
P220,000
P200,000
Davao began business at the start of the current year. The company planned to produce 25,000 units, and actual production conformed to expectations. Sales totaled 22,000 units at P30 each. Costs incurred were:- Fixed factory overhead P150,000- Fixed selling & administrative cost 100,000-Variable factory overhead 8- Variable selling & administrative cost 2If there were no variances, the company's absorption-costing net income would be:
P190,000
P208,000
P202,000
P220,000
Monex reported P65,000 of net income for the year by using absorption costing. The company had no beginning inventory, planned and actual production of 20,000 units, and sales of 18,000 units. Standard variable manufacturing costs were P20 per unit, and total budgeted fixed manufacturing overhead was P100,000. If there were no variances, net income under variable costing would be:
P15,000
P55,000
P65,000
P75,000
COMPREHENSIVE PROBLEM: Peggy's Pillows produces and sells a decorative pillow for P75.00 per unit. In the first month of operation, 2,000 units were produced and 1,750 units were sold. Actual fixed costs are the same as the amount budgeted for the month. Other information for the month includes:
- Variable manufacturing costs P20.00 per unit
- Variable marketing costs P3.00 per unit
- Fixed manufacturing costs P7.00 per unit
- Administrative expenses, all fixed P15.00 per unit
- Ending inventories:
-Direct materials -0-
-WIP -0-
- Finished goods 250 units
What is cost of goods sold using variable costing?
P35,000
P40,000
P47,250
P40,250
P54,000
COMREHENSIVE PROBLEM 2: In its first year of operation, Magna Manufacturers had the following costs when it produced 100,000 and sold 80,000 units of its only product:
- Manufacturing costs-Fixed P180,000
- Variable 160,000
- Selling and admin costs-Fixed 90,000
- Variable 40,000
How much lower would Magna's net income be if it used variable costing instead of absorption costing?
(Hint: Question is just asking to find the Difference in Net Income Between Absorption Costing and Variable Costing)
P36,000
P54,000
P68,000
P94,000
Youthful Biscuits manufactures and sells boxed coconut cookies. The biggest market for these cookies are thecollege students who buy it as gift for their business teachers. There are 100 cookies per box. The following income statement shows the result of the first year of operations. This statement was the one included in the company’s annual report to the stockholders.
- Sales (400 boxes at P12.50 a box) P5,000.00
- Less: Cost of goods sold (400 boxes at P8 per box) 3,200.00
- Gross margin 1,800.00
- Less: Selling and administrative expenses 800.00
- Net income 1,000.00
Variable selling and administrative expenses are P0.90 per box. The company produced 500 boxes during the year. Variable manufacturing costs are P5.25 per box and fixed manufacturing overhead costs total P1,375 for the year.
What is the company’s direct costing net income?
P2,540
P2,265
P1,000
P725
Last year, Craft Company had a net operating income of P80,000 using absorption costing and P74,500 using variable costing. The fixed manufacturing overhead cost has been P5 per unit for the last three years. If 21,500 units were produced last year, then sales last year were:
16,000 units.
20,400 units.
22,600 units.
27,000 units.
The following data are available for X Co. for its first year of operations:
- Sales in units 5,000
- Production in units 8,000
- Manufacturing costs:
- Direct labor P3 per unit
- Direct materials P5 per unit
- Variable overhead P1 per unit
- Fixed overhead P100,000
- Net income (absorption method) P30,000
- Sales price per unit P40
What would X Co. have reported as its income before tax if it had used variable costing?
P30,000
P(7,500)
P67,500
P45,000
COMPREHENSIVE PROBLEM: Simple Corp. produces a single product. The following cost structure applied to their first year of operations:
Variable costs:
- SG&A P2.00 per unit
- Production P4.00 per unit
Fixed Costs (total cost incurred for the year)
- SG&A P14,000
- Production P20,000
Assume that Simple Corp. manufactured 5,000 units and sold 3,800. There was no beginning or ending work-in-process inventory. How much larger or smaller would Simple Corp.’s income be if it uses absorption rather than variable costing?
The absorption costing income would be P6,000 larger
The absorption costing income would be P6,000 smaller
The absorption costing income would be P4,800 larger
The absorption costing income would be P4,000 smaller
You obtain the following information regarding fixed production costs from a manufacturing firm for the current fiscal year:
- Fixed costs in the beginning inventory P16,000
- Fixed costs incurred this period P100,000
Which of the following statements is not true?
The maximum amount of fixed production costs that this firm could deduct using absorption costs is P116,000
The maximum difference between this firm’s income based on absorption costing and its income based on variable costing is P16,000
Using variable costing, this firm will deduct no more than P100,000 for fixed production costs
If this firm produced substantially more units than it sold, variable costing will probably yield a lower income than absorption costing
None of the above
Which of the following statements is true for a firm that Absorption costing:
expenses marketing costs as cost of goods sold
treats direct manufacturing costs as a period cost
includes fixed manufacturing overhead as an inventoriable cost
is required for internal reports to managers
