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DNA structure & function review

Total questions: 51

Worksheet time: 35mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

DNA is an acronym for _____

a)

Diphosphorus Nucleic Acid

b)

Ribose Nucleic Acid

c)

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

d)

Deoxyribonucleic Acetate

2.

Primary functions of DNA are (mark all that apply)

a)

Transmit information on heredity from one generation to the next

b)

Control cellular respiration

c)

Regulate homeostasis

d)

Provide a blueprint for making proteins

3.

A nucleotide is composed of

a)

A phosphate, sugar and nitrogenous base

b)

A protein, protein and Guanine

c)

A phosphate, Adenine, and nitrogenous base

d)

A protein, Adenine and nitrogenous base

4.

Which of the following is a base pair?

a)

Adenine - Cytosine

b)

Cytosine - Thymine

c)

Deoxyribose - Cytosine

d)

Cytosine - Guanine

5.

The weak bonds between base pairs is a ___

a)

Covalent Bond

b)

Polar Bond

c)

Non Polar Bond

d)

Hydrogen

6.
Which of the following best describes a DNA molecule?
a)
double helix
b)
contains ribose
c)
made of amino acids
d)
contains Uracil
7.
Which of the following units are repeatedly joined together to form a strand of DNA? (This is the MONOMER of DNA.) 
a)
amino acids
b)
nucleotides
c)
fatty acids
d)
polysaccharides
8.
Adenine bonds with ______________.
a)
Guanine
b)
Thymine
c)
Cytosine
d)
Adenine
9.
Guanine bonds with ______________.
a)
Adenine
b)
Guanine
c)
Cytosine
d)
Thymine
10.
What are the 4 nitrogen bases?
a)
adenine, thymine, cytoplasm, and guanine
b)
adenine, thymine cytosine, and guanine
c)
adenine, thymine, cytosine, and gylcerol
d)
adenine, thymine, cytosine, and glucose
11.
Why is DNA important?
a)
it is very small and very complicated
b)
it's in everything
c)
it serves as the blueprint for traits of all living things
d)
because we eat it every day for energy
12.
Which 2 molecules forms the sides (backbone) of the DNA ladder?
a)
deoxyribose and adenine
b)
deoxyribose and a hydrogen bond
c)
sugar and the nucleus
d)
deoxyribose (sugar) and phosphate
13.
Which organelle is DNA usually found in?
a)
cell membrane
b)
vacuole
c)
chloroplast
d)
nucleus
14.
The mRNA leaves the ________ to find the ribosome to make proteins.
a)
cell
b)
nucleotide
c)
nucleus
15.

Why must transcription occur in the nucleus?

a)

because DNA can't leave the nucleus

b)

because ribosomes are in the nucleus

c)

because DNA polymerase is found there

d)

because helicase unzips the DNA

16.

How are DNA and RNA different? (CHECK ALL THAT APPLY)

a)

Only DNA can leave the nucleus

b)

RNA contains Thymine; DNA contains Uracil

c)

DNA is double stranded, RNA is a single stranded

d)

DNA contains Thymine, RNA contains Uracil

17.

Which organelle contains rRNA and reads the mRNA to synthesize a protein?

a)

Ribosome

b)

Nucleus

c)

Cytoplasm

d)

Nucleotide

18.

Choose the sequence of the mRNA strand that would match up with to the following DNA strand:

GTACAT

a)

CATGTA

b)

GAUCUA

c)

CAUGUA

d)

CUTGTU

19.

Choose the sequence of the mRNA strand that would match up with to the following DNA strand:

GTACAT

a)

CATGTA

b)

GAUCUA

c)

CAUGUA

d)

CUTGTU

20.

What brings the amino acids to the ribosome to assemble a protein?

a)
mRNA
b)
tRNA
c)
rRNA
d)

DNA

21.

How many nucleotides code for 1 amino acid?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

22.

When these bond together, they form a protein

a)

Amino Acids

b)

Peptide Bonds

c)

Ribose

d)

Nucleotides

23.
The process to go from mRNA to a protein is called ____
a)
transcription
b)
rRNA
c)
replication
d)
translation
24.

Which process does this diagram illustrate?

a)

transcription

b)

DNA replication

c)

translation

25.

What determines the shape and function of a protein?

a)

The sequence of amino acids

b)

The type of ribosome that assembles the protein

c)

The cell that manufactures the protein

26.

True or False: mRNA contains anticodons and tRNA contains codons.

a)

True

b)

False

27.
The mRNA leaves the ________ to find the ribosome to make proteins.
a)
cell
b)
nucleotide
c)
nucleus
28.

Which organelle is the location where protein is made?

a)

Ribosome

b)

Nucleus

c)

Cytoplasm

d)

Nucleotide

29.

Which of the following types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis?

(Choose more than one!)

a)

tRNA

(transfer)

b)

eRNA

(endoplasmic)

c)

mRNA

(messenger)

d)

rRNA

(ribosomal)

30.

Which type of RNA is a transcript made from DNA that travels to the ribosome?

a)

tRNA

b)

mRNA

c)

rRNA

d)

eRNA

31.

What is the role of the ribosome in protein synthesis?

a)

It assembles the amino acids into a protein chain

b)

It transcribes DNA into mRNA

c)

It transports amino acids to the nucleus

d)

It replicates DNA

32.

What is the function of mRNA in protein synthesis?

a)

It carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome

b)

It assembles the amino acids into a protein chain

c)

It forms the structure of the ribosome

d)

It replicates DNA

33.

What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

a)

It carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome

b)

It assembles the amino acids into a protein chain

c)

It carries amino acids to the ribosome

d)

It forms the structure of the ribosome

34.
Which sequence of DNA bases would pair with this partial strand
ATG TGA CAG
a)
ATG TGA CAG
b)
TAC ACT GTC
c)
GTA AGT GAC
d)
CAT TCA CTG
35.
Which of the following best describes a DNA molecule?
a)
double helix
b)
contains ribose
c)
made of amino acids
d)
contains Uracil
36.
In a molecule of double-stranded DNA, the amount of Adenine present is always equal to the amount of
a)
cytosine
b)
guanine
c)
thymine
d)
uracil
37.
Why is DNA important?
a)
it is very small and very complicated
b)
it's in everything
c)
it serves as the blueprint for traits of all living things
d)
because we eat it every day for energy
38.
Which 2 molecules form the sides (backbone) of the DNA ladder?
a)
deoxyribose sugar and adenine
b)
deoxyribose sugar and a hydrogen bond
c)
deoxyribose sugar and the nucleus
d)
deoxyribose sugar and phosphate
39.
Which organelle is DNA usually found in?
a)
cell membrane
b)
vacuole
c)
chloroplast
d)
nucleus
40.
DNA replication results in two DNA molecules,
a)
each one with two original strands
b)
each one with two new strands
c)
each one with one new strand and one original strand
d)
one with two new strands and the other with two original strands
41.
What is responsible for holding the two strands of the DNA double helix together?
a)
hydrogen bonds
b)
alleles
c)
London dispersion forces
d)
deoxyribose sugars
42.
Why is it crucial that living things are able to replicate their DNA?
a)
Each cell must have its own DNA
b)
Less copies of DNA are needed when a new cell is created
c)
A cell needs multiple copies of DNA
d)
Only muscle cells need DNA 
43.

The two strands of DNA are

a)

Parallel

b)

Antiparallel

c)

Perpendicular

d)

At Right Angles

44.

When your glucose levels are too high, what is the appropriate response?

a)

urinate

b)

release glucagon

c)

eat sugar

d)

release insulin

45.

Which of the following correctly pairs the hormone and the response that it causes

a)

Glucagon - makes body cells take in glucose

b)

Insulin - makes body cells take in glucose

c)

Pancreas - makes liver release stored glucagon

d)

Liver - makes pancreas take in stored insulin

46.

Glucagon causes muscles and the liver to release _____ back into the bloodstream

a)

glucose

b)

glucagon

c)

glycogen

d)

insulin

47.

which organ will balance the glucose level in the blood by releasing hormones like insulin or glucagon?

a)

Stomach

b)

Small intensine

c)

large intestine

d)

Pancreas

48.
The "cause" for something to happen is the
a)
response
b)
effect
c)
stimulus
d)
homeostasis
49.
What type of feedback loop is shown?
a)
Positive
b)
Neutral
c)
Negative
50.

What do cells need glucose for?

a)

photosynthesis

b)

energy

c)

protein synthesis

d)

combustion

51.

What is homeostasis?

a)

Chemical reactions that happen in the body

b)

Maintaining a constant internal environment

c)

How information is passed to the next generation

d)

The process of change and development

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