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BIOCHEM 132: Chapter 12 Quiz

Total questions: 54

Worksheet time: 27mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Plants are considered _____.

a)

chemoheterotrophs

b)

chemoautotrophs

c)

photoautotrophs

d)

photoheterotrophs

e)

none of these

2.

Energy is generated during _____, the breakdown of larger molecules into smaller while energy is consumed during _____, the building of larger molecules from smaller ones.

a)

none of these

b)

reduction reactions; oxidation reactions

c)

hydrolysis reactions; condensation reactions

d)

catabolic reactions; anabolic reactions

e)

autotrophic reactions; heterotrophic reactions

3.

Digestion of food utilizes enzymes that catalyze _____ reactions.

a)

oxidative

b)

hydrolysis

c)

reduction

d)

condensation

e)

group transfer

4.

Which of the following is used to move lipids around the bloodstream?

a)

micelles

b)

liposomes

c)

lipoproteins

d)

liposaccharides

e)

liposuctions

5.

The bulk of triacylglycerols in the human body are stored in _____.

a)

adipocytes

b)

muscle cells

c)

lipoproteins

d)

liver cells

e)

nerve cells

6.

The _____ stores glucose as glycogen and converts excess glucose to _____.

a)

liver; fatty acids

b)

muscle; amino acids

c)

none of these

d)

brain; energy

e)

adipose tissue; fatty acids

7.

Amino acids can be converted to _____.

a)

carbohydrates

b)

all of these

c)

peptides

d)

nucleotides

e)

fatty acids

8.

Which of the following is mobilized for energy use by a phosphorolysis reaction, not a hydrolysis?

a)

triacylglycerols

b)

polynucleotides

c)

glycogen

d)

cholesterol esters

e)

protein

9.

Degradation of proteins within a cell can occur within the _____ or by use of _____.

a)

endoplasmic reticulum; a proteasome

b)

lysosome; a proteasome

c)

endoplasmic reticulum; protease enzymes chymotrypsin and trypsin

d)

mitochondria; ubiquitin

e)

Golgi apparatus; protease enzymes chymotrypsin and trypsin

10.

A reaction that results in the loss of electrons from a molecule is a(n) _____.

a)

phosphorolysis

b)

oxidation

c)

ligation

d)

reduction

e)

hydrolysis

11.

Which of the following is more highly oxidized than acetaldehyde?

a)

ethylene

b)

ethanol

c)

ethane

d)

acetic acid

e)

ethylene glycol

12.

The oxidized form of NADH is _____.

a)

NADH

b)

NADH+

c)

none of these

d)

NADH2

e)

NAD+

13.

Which of the following molecules is in the most reduced state?

a)

methane

b)

formic acid

c)

formaldehyde

d)

carbon dioxide

e)

methanol

14.

The conversion of a carbohydrate into CO2 is a(n) _____ process; the conversion of CO2 into a carbohydrate is a(n) _____ process.

a)

endergonic; reductive

b)

oxidative; exergonic

c)

reductive; oxidative

d)

exergonic; endergonic

e)

endergonic; exergonic

15.

Which of the following is a lipid-soluble electron carrier in its reduced state?

a)

NADH

b)

ubiquinol

c)

NADPH

d)

ubiquinone

e)

 

NAD+

16.

Which of the following is correct regarding metabolic pathways?

a)

anabolic pathways never occur at the same time as catabolic pathways

b)

most pathways are isolated from other pathways

c)

all cells within a multi-cellular organism contain the same pathways

d)

the activity of most pathways is not regulated

e)

none of the above are correct

17.

If the following reactions were coupled, what would be the overall Δ\Delta  G°'?

glucose + Pi ----> glucose-6-phosphate / Δ\Delta G°' = 13.8 kJ/mol

ATP + H2O ----> ADP + Pi / DG°' = -30.5 kJ/mol

a)

-44.3 kJ/mol

b)

0 kJ/mol

c)

-16.7 kJ/mol

d)

44.3 kJ/mol

e)

16.7 kJ/mol

18.

Generally speaking, ATP is produced by _____ reactions and used by _____ reactions.

a)

reduction; oxidation

b)

endergonic; exergonic

c)

oxidation; reduction

d)

anabolic; catabolic

e)

catabolic; anabolic

19.

Which of the following factors contributes to the highly exergonic nature of ATP hydrolysis?

a)

none of the above

b)

addition of water to the hydrophilic ATP molecule

c)

low energy of activation for the hydrolysis

d)

decrease in negative-ion repulsion in ATP

e)

removal of phosphate from the cytoplasm

20.

Which of the following has the most spontaneous hydrolysis?

a)

1,3-bisphosphoglycerate

b)

phosphocreatine

c)

glucose-1-phosphate

d)

pyrophosphate

e)

phosphoenolpyruvate

21.

The Δ\Delta  G°' for the hydrolysis of acetyl CoA is most similar to the Δ\Delta G°' for the hydrolysis of _____.

a)

phosphoenolpyruvate

b)

1,3-bisphosphoglycerate

c)

glucose-6-phosphate

d)

glucose-1-phosphate

e)

ATP

22.

Catabolic reactions are chiefly _____ whereas anabolic reactions are _____.

a)

synthetic; degradative

b)

degradative; synthetic

c)

None of these.

d)

All of these

23.

Catabolic pathways relate to a ___ of free energy and anabolic pathways to a ___ of free energy.

a)

consumption; release

b)

consumption; consumption

c)

release; consumption

d)

release; release

24.

Chylomicrons are formed in intestinal cells from the components

a)

All of these

b)

Triacylglycerols

c)

Proteins

d)

Cholesterol esters

25.

Glycogen is primarily stored in

a)

muscles

b)

All of these

c)

None of these.

d)

liver

e)

brain

26.

Which of the following does not represent the biochemical standard state?

a)

37°C temperature

b)

1 M substrate concentrations

c)

1 atm pressure

d)

pH 7.0

27.

Which of the following statements regarding the mechanism of the proteasome is FALSE?

a)

The proteasome contains hydrolytic enzymes that break peptide bonds.

b)

Proteins that are destined for the proteasome are ubiquinated at Lys residues.

c)

Only proteins that are poly-ubiquitinated are degraded by the proteasome.

d)

The proteasome is a barrel-shaped structure.

28.

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

a)

All of these

b)

Is a breakdown product in glycolysis

c)

Is a product in carbon fixation

d)

Can be used to form the amino acid alanine

e)

None of these.

29.

Pyruvate

a)

can be carboxylated to form the precursor for other amino acids

b)

is the precursor of alanine

c)

is the end product of glycolysis

d)

can be converted to acetyl-CoA

e)

All of these

30.

Acetyl-CoA

a)

can be fully oxidized to CO2

b)

All of these

c)

is the breakdown product of fatty acid oxidation

d)

can be used to synthesize fatty acids

31.

Which of the following are factors that contribute to the large favorable change in free energy for the following reaction?

                                                          ATP ---- > ADP + Pi

a)

All of these

b)

 

The addition of H2O to the hydrophilic ATP molecule

c)

The decrease in negative ion repulsion

d)

The precipitation of insoluble Pi

32.

Vitamins are

a)

critical metabolites found primarily in the mitochondrion

b)

water-soluble organic compounds responsible for electron-transfer reactions

c)

inorganic compounds that are enzyme cofactors

d)

a set of compounds required by all organisms

e)

essential organic molecules humans are usually unable to synthesize

33.

ATP contains one ___ bond and two ___ bonds.

a)

phosphoester; glycosidic

b)

phosphoester; phosphoanhydride

c)

glycosidic; amide

d)

phosphoanhydride; phosphoester

e)

amide; phosphoanhydride

34.

Which of the following ΔG values for enzymatic reactions of a metabolic pathway indicates a possible flux control point?

a)

+22.5 kJ/mol

b)

+4.4 kJ/mol

c)

−31 kJ/mol

d)

−2.3 kJ/mol

35.

How many reducing end(s) is/are in a molecule of glycogen containing 20 branch points?

a)

21

b)

1

c)

20

d)

19

e)

0

36.

Calculate ΔG°' for the reaction A + B → C + D at 25˚C when the equilibrium conditions are: [A] = [C] = [D] = 10 μM, [B] = 15 μM.

a)

10 kJ/mol

b)

1 J/mol

c)

No correct answers

d)

1000 J/mol

e)

not enough data to determine

37.

For the reaction: D-glucose-6-phosphate → D-fructose-6-phosphate, the Keq is 0.503 at 25°C. What is the ΔG°′ for this reaction?

a)

+1.70 kJ/mol

b)

-1700 J/mol

c)

+143 J/mol

d)

-2870 J/mol

38.

Digestion of food by mammals converts _____ into _____ which can be absorbed from the intestines.

a)

proteins;  dipeptides and tripeptides

b)

polysaccharides;  monosaccharides and disaccharides

c)

cholesterol;  acetyl CoA

d)

nucleic acids;  polynucleotides

e)

triacylglycerols;  fatty acids

39.

) The _____-terminus of ubiquitin is linked to a _____ residue of proteins to be degraded.

a)

N;  Asp

b)

N;  Glu

c)

C;  Lys

d)

C;  Ser

e)

C;  Tyr

40.

Which of the following molecules is involved with the oxidation of glucose, synthesis of fatty acids and oxidation of fatty acids?

a)

pyruvate

b)

acetyl-CoA

c)

alanine

d)

oxaloacetate

e)

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

41.

Which of the following is correctly described?

a)

proteome:  the complete set of proteins present in a cell at a given time

b)

metabolome:  the complete set of metabolic enzymes active in a cell at a given time

c)

transcriptome:  the complete set of proteins being synthesized at a given time

d)

genome:  the complete set of genes that are expressed at a given time

e)

none of the above

42.

Which of the following is an essential amino acid?

a)

Ala

b)

Val

c)

Cys

d)

Tyr

e)

Gly

43.

Which of the following vitamins is correctly paired with its biochemical function?

a)

folic acid:  carboxylation reactions

b)

biotin:  decarboxylation reactions

c)

riboflavin:  acyl transfer reactions

d)

pyridoxine:  amino-group transfer reactions

e)

pantothenic acid:  redox reactions

44.

Which of the following vitamins is correctly paired with the disease that is caused by its deficiency?

a)

biotin:  scurvy

b)

pantothenic acid:  beriberi

c)

nicotinamide:  pellagra

d)

thiamine:  anemia

e)

folic acid:  rickets

45.

When a reaction is at equilibrium, the ΔG\Delta G is equal to _____.

a)

1

b)

0

c)

-1

d)

ΔG°'

e)

none of the above

46.

If the ΔG°' is known, how can Keq be calculated?

a)

Keq = log e(ΔG°'/RT)

b)

Keq = e(ΔG°'/TΔS)

c)

Keq = RT ln ΔG°'

d)

Keq = e-(ΔG°'/RT)

e)

Keq = ln (ΔG°'/TΔS)

47.

For the following reaction, calculate the Keq at 25°C.

       succinyl-CoA + acetoacetate ⟺\Longleftrightarrow   acetoacetyl-CoA + succinate         ΔG°' = -1.25 kJ/mol

a)

0.602

b)

1.00

c)

1.66

d)

3.21

e)

4.22 x 10^2 

48.

For the following reaction, calculate the ΔG°' at 37°C.

               glucose-6-phosphate ⟺\Longleftrightarrow   fructose-6-phosphate              Keq = 0.517

a)

-2.87 kJ/mol

b)

-1.70 kJ/mol

c)

0.203 kJ/mol

d)

-0.738 kJ/mol

e)

1.70 kJ/mol

49.

For the following reaction, calculate the ΔG at 37°C, given concentrations for glucose-1-phosphate of 25 mM and glucose-6-phosphate of 1 mM.

glucose-1-phosphate ⟺\Longleftrightarrow  glucose-6-phosphate                   ΔG°' = -7.1 kJ/mol

a)

-15.4 kJ/mol

b)

-8.1 kJ/mol

c)

-6.1 kJ/mol

d)

1.2 kJ/mol

e)

none of the above

50.

What is the intracellular glucose concentration if the ΔG for the following reaction is -20.1 kJ/mol at 37°C and concentrations for glucose-6-phosphate and phosphate are both 1 mM?

glucose-6-phosphate ⟺\Longleftrightarrow   glucose + Pi              ΔG°' = -13.8 kJ/mol

a)

1.9 μM\mu M  

b)

87 μM\mu M

c)

1.9 mM

d)

27 mM

e)

87 mM

51.

Which of the following describes the bonding of the three phosphates to adenosine in ATP?  How many phosphoanhydride bonds are found in ATP?

a)

one phosphoanhydride bond, two low energy phosphate esters

b)

two phosphoanhydride bonds, one low energy phosphate ester

c)

three phosphoanhydride bonds, one low energy phosphate ester

d)

three phosphoanhydride bonds

e)

none of the above

52.

In highly active muscle, _____ is used to regenerate ATP.

a)

phosphocreatine

b)

1,3-bisphosphoglycerate

c)

pyrophosphate

d)

phosphoenolpyruvate

e)

acetyl-CoA

53.

Metabolomics is the study of the metabolic activity of a cell or tissue by identifying and quantifying all of its metabolites.

a)

true

b)

false

54.

The amino acid ___ is considered essential in humans while ___ is considered non-essential.

a)

methionine; glutamine

b)

glycine; histidine

c)

aspartic acid; threonine

d)

tryptophan; lysine

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