Manage risk at the appropriate level

Ability to handle risk that was not known. Ability to handle unknown

unknowns.

-

Uncertainties arising from lack of knowledge or understanding. E.g.:

Use of new technology, future regulations.

Amount of risk you are willing to take for a reward

The risk exposure of the project as a whole. It’s

made up of the sum of individual project risks plus other sources of

uncertainty.

Information is sent to recipients at their request

via Web sites, bulletin boards, e learning, knowledge repositories like

blogs, and other means

Some aspect of a planned task or situation is uncertain. E.g.:

Productivity targets, error during testing, weather patterns.

Directly face a conflict using a problem-solving approach

▪ is a matrix that maps the work of the project as described in the WBS to the people responsible for performing the work as described in the OBS.

▪ Projects are more likely to succeed when project managers influence with

......./.......

Theory .....

Assumes workers dislike and avoid work, so managers must use coercion, threats and various control schemes to get workers to meet objectives.

Which theory group has the following properties?

▪ Achievement (nAch): They seek to excel and tend to avoid risky situations to improve their chances for achieving something worthwhile.

▪ Affiliation (nAff): They desire harmonious relationships and need to feel accepted by others, so managers should try to create a cooperative work environment for them.

▪ Power: (nPow): People with a need for power desire either personal power (not good) or institutional power (good for the organization).

Which motivation theory this idea belong to?

▪ Motivational factors: Achievement, recognition, the work itself, responsibility, advancement, and growth, which produce job satisfaction.

▪ Hygiene factors: Cause dissatisfaction if not present, but do not motivate workers to do more. Examples include larger salaries, more supervision, and a more attractive work environment.

▪ ....... developed a hierarchy of needs which states that people’s behaviors are guided or motivated by a sequence of needs.

....... causes people to participate in an activity for their own enjoyment.

........... is the measure of work performed expressed in terms of the budget authorized for that work (Budgeted Cost of Work Performed).

Which model might provide an estimate of $50 per line of code for a software development project based on the programming language the project is using, the level of expertise of the programmers, the size and complexity of the data involved, and so on ?

▪ .............. involve estimating the costs of individual work items or activities and summing them to get a project total.

▪ This approach is sometimes referred to as Activity-based Costing.

▪ A ........ provides an accurate estimate of project costs.

▪ .............. are used for making many purchasing decisions for which accurate estimates are required and for estimating final project costs.

• For example, if a project involves purchasing 1,000 personal computers from an outside supplier in the next three months, a definitive estimate would be required to aid in evaluating supplier proposals and allocating the funds to pay the chosen supplier.

▪ ............ estimate provides an estimate of what a project will cost. A ....... estimate can also be referred to as a ballpark estimate, a guesstimate, a swag, or a broad gauge.

Which Reserves are sometimes called known-unknowns?

Expenses that vary based on the usage of resources.

..... costs or benefits are easy to measure in dollars.

........... costs or benefits are difficult to measure in dollars.

What can we call the cost of electricity,

paper towels, and other

necessities in a large building

that houses 1 000 employees who

work on many projects

▪ ........ is a network diagramming technique used to predict total project duration.

Slack or float is the amount of time an activity may be delayed without delaying a succeeding activity or the project finish date.

......., which is the number of workdays or work hours required to complete a task.

........... includes the actual amount of time worked on an activity plus elapsed time.

In Three Point Estimating Which point is described below?

This estimate is based on the duration of the activity, given the resources likely to be assigned, their productivity, realistic expectations of availability for the activity, dependencies on other participants, and interruptions.

▪ ............. are the preferred technique for showing activity sequencing.

▪ A network diagram is a schematic display of the logical relationships among project activities and their sequencing.

A .............. is the amount of time a successor activity can be advanced with respect to a predecessor activity.

A ........ is the amount of time a successor activity will be delayed with respect to a predecessor activity.

......... is a technique used for constructing a schedule model in which activities are represented by nodes and are graphically linked by one or more logical relationships to show the sequence in which the activities are to be performed.

In Activity Dependencies Which of the definitions should switch choose to options.

What are the define activity outputs?

................... .......... is an iterative planning technique in which the work to be accomplished in the near term is planned in detail, while work further in the future is planned at a higher level.

The amount of delay that would be considered worrisome

and trigger corrective or preventive actions

What is the tendency for project scope to keep getting bigger and bigger called?.

.......... is the process of formalizing acceptance of the completed project deliverables.

............ ....... is a tabulation of activities to be included on a project schedule.

........ ........... activities involves identifying and documenting the relationships

between project activities

If I write and even draw pictures of ideas in a nonlinear format for my WBS.

Which approach I might be using?

If I'm starting with the largest items of the project and break them into subordinate items for WBS. Which approach I'm using?.

What is the the lowest level of WBS components are called?

Any unique and verifiable product, result, or capability to perform a service that is required to be produced to complete a process, phase, or project. Deliverables also include ancillary results, such as project management reports and documentation. These deliverables may be described at a summary level or in great detail.

If I'm using a similar project’s WBS as a starting point Which approach I'm using?.

Progressively elaborates the characteristics of the product, service, or result described in the project charter and requirements documentation.

If a requirements contains tests, certifications, validations etc which group it is belong to?

If the Requirements include milestone dates, contractual obligations, constraints, etc which group they are belong to ?.

Which requirement is described below?

Describe temporary capabilities, such as data conversion and training requirements, needed to transition from the current as-is state to the desired future state.

• Visually depict the product scope by showing a business system (process, equipment, computer system, etc.), and how people and other systems (actors) interact with it.

• Show inputs to the business system, the actor(s) providing the input, the outputs from the business system, and the actor(s) receiving the output.

Enhances brainstorming with a voting process used to rank the most useful ideas for further brainstorming or for prioritization.

Allow large numbers of ideas to be classified into groups for review and analysis.

Consolidates ideas created through individual brainstorming sessions into a single map to reflect commonality and differences in understanding and to generate new ideas.

• Involves comparing actual or planned products, processes, and practices to those of comparable organizations to identify best practices, generate ideas for improvement, and provide a basis for measuring performance.

The second step in project scope management is often the most difficult: ............... ......... .

Describes how project and product requirements will be analyzed, documented, and managed.

Describes

how the scope

will be defined, developed,

monitored, controlled, and

validated

Which one is not main constraint of project?

Which option isn't Skill of a Project Manager?

A code of ethics is related to ....... .

Which is/are the ethics of moral?

Which Factors influence the selection of a development approach?

........................... Domain is meeting the metrics identified in the ....... Domain .

Which Way of measuring performance has the indicators?

Which indicator predicts changes or trends in the project?

Which indicator measures project deliverables or events?

Effective order of stakeholder engagement.

Which approach is Waterfall?

Which approach are Iterative and incremantal?

A ................. lifecycle is where the requirements are clear at the beginning of the project, hence documented, converted to specifications, and then executed and after execution, the scope is validated to ensure that all the requirements have been met.

The .......... lifecycles (like ⚠️ agile) are undertaken because the scope of the project is not very clear or fixed at the early stage of the project. The journey itself is expected to unravel more requirements. Which means that these lifecycles are open to “changes”.

Which methodology group do Waterfall, Critical Path Method (CPM), and Critical Chain Project Management (CCPM) belong to?

Which methodology group Scrum Project Management ,Kanban Extreme Programming (EP) and Adaptive Project Framework (APF) belong to?

Which methodoloy do Event Chain Methodology (ECM) belong to ?

Which methodology group do PRINCE2, Lean Project Management and Six Sigma belong to ?

The order in which the development of more elementary components of the project is organized.

Proceeds from specification to implementation, with litle opportunities for backtracking.

Organizes development in different rounds

Uses concurrent development

The amount of infrastructure a project requires.

Focuses on efficiency and flexibility

High risk and exploratory projects require even more flexilbilty than agile methodologies can provide.

Which is/are SDLC methodologies?

What are the disadvantages of the waterfall method?

Spiral Model = ....... + .....

Requirements are divided into multiple standalone modules

In terms of Project or Product will be: Features, Products, or Services can be used by users, and measurable.

Feedback or feelings of the user when using the product or the features

COTS

⚠️ISO/IEC/IEEE

Something that is important to users.

Statement which translates or expresses a need and its associated constraints and conditions. conditions.

This process assembles the implemented system elements

Provides sufficient detailed data and information about the system and its elements.

Creates a set of measurable system requirements that specify, from the supplier’s perspective.

Provides objective evidence that a system or system element fulfills its specified requirements.

Identifies anomalies: errors, defects.

provides objective evidence that the system, when in use, fulfills its business or mission objectives and stakeholder requirements, achieving its intended use in its intended operational environment.

Which pm group Recommends corrective or preventive action in anticipation of possible problems?

In simple terms, .......... action prevents recurrence, while ......... action prevents occurrence.

What are the five PM Process Groups?

............... Management → Develop Project Charter

............. Management →Identify Stakeholders

Which are the inputs for developing the project charter?

High, medium, or low priority based on the current business environment.

How long will it take to complete a project and what is the deadline for completing it?

Which is/are the project selecting criteria?

(total discounted benefits total discounted costs)/discounted costs

............... is often the most difficult and unappreciated process in project management.

PM Knowledge Areas

Money spent during and after the project to avoid failures

....... testing occurs between unit and system testing to test functionally grouped components

ISO 9000 a quality system standard developed by the ISO, is a three part,

continuous cycle of .........

According to

Plan Do Check Act (PDCA) Cycle. What is Review the test, analyze the results and identify what you’ve learned called.

....... consists of organization-wide efforts to install and make permanent climate where employees continuously improve their ability to provide on demand products and services that customers will find of particular value.

▪ ........... is a word term meaning "change for the better" or "continuous improvement."

▪

▪ It also applies to processes, such as purchasing and logistics, that cross organizational boundaries into the supply chain.

▪ Techniques such as PDCA cycle and 5 Whys (an iterative interrogative technique used to explore the cause-and-effect relationships underlying a particular problem) are used in this technique.

▪ Which model is Developed within Motorola in 1986 to compete with the Kaizen (or lean manufacturing) business model in Japan.

▪ This model projects normally follow a five-phase improvement process called DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control -pronounced «de-MAY-ick»).

What is the open version of DMAIC

Which Method to Choose if the potentials below given?

• First, there must be a quality problem or gap between the current and desired performance.

• Second, the project should not have a clearly understood problem.

• Third, the solution should not be predetermined, and an optimal solution should not be apparent.

▪ Which method does combine lean manufacturing/lean enterprise and Six Sigma to eliminate the eight kinds of waste (muda):

• Defects,

• Over-Production,

• Waiting,

• Non-Utilized Talent,

• Transportation (unnecessary or excessive movement of materials, products, people, equipment, and tools),

• Inventory (excess in products and materials that are not yet processed),

• Motion (unnecessary movement by people) and

• Extra-Processing.

Which is/are the maturity models?1. Software Quality Function Deployment (SQFD) Model

▪ ...... is “a process improvement approach that provides organizations with the essential elements of effective processes. It can be used to guide process improvement across a project, a division, or an entire organization. ...... helps integrate traditionally separate organizational functions, set process improvement goals and priorities, provide guidance for quality processes, and provide a point of reference for appraising current processes.”

Which maturity model is described below?

▪ It offers best practices for the interaction of portfolio management, program management and project management.

▪ It was recognized as an American national standard.

Deming’s Cycle for Improvement: .............. .

▪ Most Six Sigma principles are based on the ............. model created by Deming.

In Project Quality Management What happens in Executing step?

▪ ................ is a technique that helps identify which variables have the most influence on the overall outcome of a process.

▪ Understanding which variables affect outcome is a very important part of quality planning.

........... is/are the screens and reports the system generates

Manage Quality is performed how many times in a project?

▪ ...... involves evaluating processes to maximize customer value while minimizing waste.

▪ .......... generates ideas for quality improvements by comparing specific project practices or product characteristics to those of other projects or products within or outside the performing organization.

A .......... is a structured review of specific quality management activities that help identify lessons learned that could improve performance on current or future projects.

.......... causes

people to participate in an

activity for their own enjoyment

A

........ ( is a matrix that maps the work of

the project as described in the WBS to the people responsible for performing

the work as described in the OBS

Directly face a conflict using a problem solving approach

Most

effective way to ensure common understanding

Individual Project Risks

List of all Identified Risks

List of Potential Responses

Provides a list of all identified risks on the project, what reactions to this

risk are, what the root causes are, and what categories the risks fall into.

An uncertain event or condition that, if it occurs,

has a positive or negative impact on one or more parts of the project.

What are the outputs of Plan Scope Management

It is used to justify organization's investment

What are the inputs for Devoloping Project charter?

Knowledge

that can be readily

codified using words, pictures, and

numbers

Knowledge

that is personal and

difficult to express, such as

beliefs, insights, experience, and

“know how”

Status reports, progress reports,

memos, and other documents used to communicate

......

actions reduce the

probability of negative

consequences associated with

project risks

Allow

large numbers of ideas to be classified into groups for

review and analysis

............ higher-level needs of the organization as a whole such as the business issues or opportunities and reasons why a project has been undertaken.

From the Solution requirements

Which Group is described below?

Supplement functional requirements and describe the environmental conditions or qualities required for the product to be effective. Examples include: reliability, security, performance, safety, level of service, supportability, retention/purge, etc.

The features and functions that

characterize a product, service,

or result.