Vessels that return the oxygen-depleted blood back to the heart.

Vessels that carry the oxygen-rich blood to the vital organs and working muscles.

Small vessels that exchange blood between arteries, body organs (muscles), and veins.

The total volume of blood that is pumped by the heart per minute.

The number of beats of the heart per minute.

The amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle of the heart with each beat.

The measure of the pressure, or resistance to blood flow, within the arterial vascular system. Expressed in mmHG

The pressure against the arterial wall during the left ventricle contraction.

The pressure against the arterial walls during the relaxation phase of the heart contraction cycle.

The amount of blood removed from the arterial blood and taken into the mitochondria within the skeletal muscles.

The number of breaths per minute.

The amount of air inhaled and exhaled to and from the lungs per breath.

The total amount of air exchanged in the lungs per minute. Also known as Minute Ventilation.

The amount of oxygen that is consumed by the body during a specific level of activity.

The amount of oxygen that is consumed by the body (muscles) during maximal, exhaustive exercise.

The energy for all biological work is provided by this chemical

The Bioenergetics system that supplies ATP during short-term, high-intensity exercises through the breakdown of glucose.

The Bioenergetics System that supplies ATP during low-to-moderate intensity through the breakdown of carbohydrates and fatty acids.

The point during progressively intense exercise where the body loses its ability to utilize oxygen.