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Y system arennol

Total questions: 20

Worksheet time: 10mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Enwch rhan 1 a 9/ Name part 1 and 9

a)

Cortecs a Gwythïen arennol/ Cortex and Renal vein

b)

Cortecs a Wreter/ Cortex and Ureter

c)

Medwla a Wreter/Medulla and Ureter

d)

Rhydweli arennol a Wreter/Renal artery and Ureter

2.

Enwch rhan 3 a 4/ Name part 3 and 4

a)

Cortecs a Gwythïen arennol/ Cortex and Renal vein

b)

Calycs bach a'r pelfis arennol/Minor calyx and the Renal pelvis

c)

Calcys mawr a'r Medwla/ Major calyx and the Medulla

d)

Rhydweli arennol a Wreter/Renal artery and Ureter

3.

Enwch rhan A a G/ Name part A and G

a)

Pelfis arennol a'r Hilwn/Renal Pelvis and the Hilum

b)

Pelfis arennol a'r calycs mawr/Renal pelvis and the major calyx

c)

Pyramidau arennol (medwla) a'r Hilwm / Renal pyramids (medulla) and the Hilum

d)

Rhydweli arennol a Wreter/Renal artery and Ureter

4.

Enwch rhan b / name part b

a)

Capsiwl Bowman / Bowman's capsule

b)

Dwythell gasglu / Collecting duct

c)

Dolen (neu aelod) esgynnol Henle / Ascending loop of Henle

d)

Tiwbyn troellog procsimal / Proximal convoluted tubule

5.

Enwch rhan i / name part i

a)

Capsiwl Bowman / Bowman's capsule

b)

Dwythell gasglu / Collecting duct

c)

Dolen (neu aelod) ddisgynnol Henle / Descending loop of Henle

d)

Tiwbyn troellog procsimal / Proximal convoluted tubule

6.

Enwch rhan e / name part e

a)

Capsiwl Bowman / Bowman's capsule

b)

Dwythell gasglu / Collecting duct

c)

Dolen (neu aelod) esgynnol Henle / Ascending loop of Henle

d)

Tiwbyn troellog procsimal / Proximal convoluted tubule

7.

Pa un o rhain yw uned weithredol sylfaenol yr arennau?/Which of these is the basic functional unit of the kidney?

a)

Glomerwlws/Glomerulus

b)

Capsiwl Bowman/Bowman’s capsule

c)

Neffron/Nephron

d)

Cyfarpar cyfosodglomerwlaidd/Juxtaglomerular apparatus

8.

Y celloedd sy'n ffurfio waliau pa gydrannau o'r neffron sy'n ffurfio’r offer cyfosodglomerwlaidd? / The cells forming the walls of which components of the nephron make up the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

a)

Dolen Henle a vasa recta / The loop of Henle and vasa recta

b)

Y tiwbyn troellog procsimol a distal / The proximal and distal convoluted tubule

c)

Y rhydwelïyn echdygol a’r dwythell gasglu / The efferent arteriole and collecting duct

d)

Y rhydweliyn afferol a'r tiwbyn troellog distal / The afferent arteriole and distal convoluted tubule

9.

Pa sylwedd, sy'n cael ei secretu gan yr offer cyfosodglomerwlaidd, sy'n cael ei ryddhau i'r gwaed mewn ymateb i gwymp yn llif gwaed arennol?/ What substance, secreted by the juxtaglomerular apparatus, is released into the blood in response to a fall in renal blood flow?

a)

Renin

b)

Angiotensin

c)

Aldosteron/Aldosterone

d)

ADH

10.

Mae cyffroad y nerf sympathetig i'r rhydwelïyn afferol yn cynyddu pwysedd gwaed glomerwlaidd ac, felly, GFR, e.e., yn ystod ymarfer corff/ Sympathetic nerve stimulation of the afferent arteriole increases glomerular blood pressure and, therefore GFR, e.g., during exercise

a)

Cywir/True

b)

Anghywir/False

11.

Pa un yw'r gwerth cyfartalog, 'normal' ar gyfer cyfradd hidlo glomerwlaidd (GFR) mewn ml/munud?/ Which is the average, ‘normal’ value for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in ml/minute?

a)

1-15

b)

10-15

c)

178-179

d)

120-125

12.

Mewn neffron mae'r pwysedd gwaed glomerwlaidd (GBP) yn 55 mmHg, y pwysedd oncotig (OP) yn 30 mmHg a’r pwysedd hydrostatig capsiwlaidd (CHP) yn 10 mmHg. Beth yw'r Peff? / In a nephron the glomerular blood pressure (GBP) is 55 mmHg, oncotic pressure (OP) is 30 mmHg and capsular hydrostatic pressure (CHP) is 10 mmHg. What is the Peff?

a)

15mmHg

b)

25mmHg

c)

35mmHg

d)

45mmHg

13.

Beth fyddai'n digwydd i'r pwysedd hidlo net (Peff) os fydd y pwysau oncotig yn cynyddu / What would happen to the net filtration pressure (Peff) is the oncotic pressure were to increase?

a)

Gostwng / Decrease

b)

Cynyddu / Increase

14.

Ar gyfartaledd, beth yw cyfaint allbwn wrin ‘normal’ dros 24 awr?/On average, what is the normal volume of urinary output in 24 hours?

a)

1.5 mililitr

b)

3 mililitr

c)

1.5 litr

d)

3 litr

15.

Beth yw’r term am golled dwr ormodol o’r arennau o achos adamsugniad toddyn diffygiol?/What is the term used to describe the excessive loss of water from the kidney as the result of defective solute reabsorption?

a)

Troethlif osmotig/Osmotic diuresis

b)

Osmosis

c)

Adamsugniad dwr/Water reabsorption

d)

Clidiant actif/Active transport

16.

Yn arferol, mae glwcos yn cael ei adamsugnio yn gyfan gwbwl o ba rhan o’r neffron?/Normally, glucose is completely reabsorbed into the blood from which part of the nephron?

a)

Capsiwl Bowman/Bowman’s capsule

b)

Tiwbyn troellog procsimol/Proximal convoluted tubule

c)

Dolen Henle/Loop of Henle

d)

Glomerwlws/Glomerulus

17.

Mae tua 60% ('ar gyfartaledd') o ddŵr wedi'i hidlo yn cael ei adamsugno o'r aren beth bynnag yw cyflwr hydradiad y corff. Beth yw'r enw a roddir ar y math hwn o adamsugnad dŵr? / About 60% (‘on average’) of filtered water is reabsorbed from the kidney whatever the state of hydration of the body. What is the name given to this form of water reabsorption?

a)

Adamsugno dŵr gorfodol / Obligatory water reabsorption

b)

Cludiant actif eilaidd / Secondary active transport

c)

Trylediad syml / Simple diffusion

d)

Trylediad Cynorthwyedig / Facilitated diffusion

18.

Mae’r hormon ADH / The hormone ADH

a)

Yn cael ei secretu o'r chwarren bitwidol flaen / Is secreted from the anterior pituitary gland

b)

Yn achosi adamsugniad cyfadrannol o ddwr / Brings about facultative reabsorption of water

c)

Yn cael ei ryddhau mewn ymateb i gynnydd mewn cyfaint y gwaed / Is released in response to a rise in blood volume

19.

Gan dybio bod ADH wedi’i secretu i’r eithaf, beth yw nodwedd yr wrin terfynol / uAssuming ADH is maximally secreted, what is the characteristic of the final urine?

a)

Cyfaint mawr, crynodedig iawn / Large volume, highly concentrated

b)

Cyfaint bach, crynodedig iawn / small volume, highly concentrated

c)

Cyfaint bach, gwanedig iawn / Small volume, very dilute

d)

Cyfaint mawr, gwanedig iawn / Large volume, very dilute

20.

Os oes gan yr hidlif sy'n mynd i mewn i'r tiwbyn troellog distal o ddolen Henle grynodiad o 100 o Mosm/L, beth fyddech chi'n disgwyl i grynodiad terfynol yr wrin i fod pe bai ADH yn cael ei secretu? / If the filtrate entering the distal convoluted tubule from the loop of Henle has a concentration of 100 mOsm/L, what would you expect to be the final concentration of the urine if ADH were secreted?

a)

100mOsm/L

b)

Llai na 100 mOsm/L / Less than

c)

Mwy na 100 mOsm/L