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WorksheetsPart #2 IB ESS Review Topic 3 & 4
Total questions: 52
Worksheet time: 4hrs 20mins
What are the benefits of conserving habitat diversity?
Conserving habitat diversity protects all organisms in the habitat.
Conserves only endangered species.
Conservers only humans living in the habitat.
All the options are true statements.
True or False: The higher the species diversity of
a ecosystem, the lower the complexity.
True
False
Which term refers to relative abundance of each species?
Richness
Evenness
Habitat
Density
Why is the quantification of biodiversity important for conservation efforts?
To ensure that the land is used for the exploitation of a resource.
To assist corporations in identifying a new place to harvest a resource.
So qualitative data can be taken
So areas of high biodiversity can be identified and explored
Natural selection is an evolutionary driving force, referred to as “survival of the fittest”. Which of the following options is true about natural selection?
Organisms that have genetic traits that allowed them to survive and reproduce are considered the strongest.
Nature is literally selecting which organisms are going to survive.
The least "fit" organisms are able to survive
None of the options are true about natural selection.
There are 4 steps in the natural selection mechanism. Which statement below is incorrect?
Within a population of one species, there is genetic diversity, which is called variation.
Due to natural variation, some individuals will be fitter than others.
Fitter individuals have a disadvantage and will reproduce less successfully than individuals who are less fit.
The offspring of fitter individuals may inherit the genes that give that advantage.
Speciation is the formation of new species when populations of a species become isolated and evolve differently from other populations. What environmental change or changes happen that can lead to speciation?
Island Formations
Climate Change
Sea Level Change
All the options are correct.
According to scientists, there has been 5 mass extinctions. Scientists believe that Earth currently is in the process of reaching another mass extinction. How is this 6th mass extinction similar to the past 5 mass extinctions that have happened? If it's not similar, how are they different?
Both are similar because an asteroid will cause the 6th mass extinction
Abiotic factors are causing the 6th mass extinction like the previous 5.
Human activities are the cause of this 6th mass extinction, the past 5 were caused by abiotic factors.
None of the options are correct
What is the conflict between exploitation, sustainable development, and conservation in tropical biomes?
Conflict of LEDC of protecting their tropical biomes versus exploiting their resources to become MEDC.
Conflict of LEDC of protecting their environment to not become a MEDC.
There isn't a conflict in LEDC's of conserving their tropical rainforest biomes.
All the options are correct
Which of the following isn't a factor that is used to determine if an organism should be put on the "Red List"?
Degree of Specialization
Degree of Fragmentation
Population Size
Size of the organism
Which of the following is a purpose of the "Red List"?
to identify species requiring some level of conservation
to catalogue plants and animals facing a high risk of global extinction
to raise awareness of animals and plants that face a higher risk of global extinction than others and require conservation efforts
All the options are correct
A traditional form of income for tropical rain forest biomes is timber. The best method to harvest timber without completely destroying the forest is referred to as what?
Conventional logging
Selective logging
Reduced impact logging
Both Selective and Reduced Impact logging are correct
True or False: Ecotourism, a form of tourism directed towards natural environments with out harming, can help raise funds for conservation, educate visitors, and help the local economy.
True
False
How is a NGO different from an IGO?
NGO's are more conservative in their conservation approach.
NGO's can be described as more "radical" to get their point across.
NGO's use conventional approaches
NGO's gather data by paying scientists
Conservation approaches include which answer choices?
habitat conservation
species-based conservation
mixed approach
All the options are correct
Which term describes a strategy of conservation where biodiversity is preserved in natural habitats?
In situ conservation. Examples include protected areas and safari parks
Ex situ conservation. Examples include zoos
When designing a conservation. Which shape is the best for a reserve?
Square
Rectangle
Circle
Triangle
What influences the success of conservation efforts?
Community Support
Lack of funding
Limited research
True or False: Flagship species are ‘charismatic’ species selected to appeal to the public and thereby help to protect other species in an area (giant panda, meerkats, gorillas).
True
False
True or False: The human activities that cause species extinctions include habitat destruction, introduction of invasive species, pollution, overharvesting and hunting
True
False
Which term describes that species that are vital for the continuing function of the ecosystem?
Keystone Species
Flagship Species
Endangered Species
Extinct Species
The main factors affecting biomes include which of the following?
Precipitation
Temperature
Longitude
Both Precipitation and Temperature are main factors
True or False: The demand of water has decreased in both MEDCs and LEDCs, as populations are increasing as well as expanding industry.
True
False
There are various ways to help conserve and properly manage freshwater supplies. Which of the following options is NOT a method to help conserve water?
Reusing “gray water” from showers and sinks.
Using water-efficient appliances.
Farming drought resistant crops like oregano and basil
Using sprinkler systems to irrigate water crops
As the population worldwide increases, some nations will have freshwater shortages. Which of the following options is an example of an effect of freshwater shortages?
Immigration out of affected regions will decrease
Civil unrest can occur
Crops will benefit
This issue isn't as severe as it appears
What diseases can be spread through untreated water and cause illness?
Measles
Flu
Cholera
Rubella
Phytoplankton is an aquatic organism that is an autotroph. In what part of a food chain will this organism belong in?
Tertiary Consumer
Decomposer
Primary Producer
Secondary Consumer
True or False: Coastlines and shallow seas have a low productivity level because of the lack of sunlight that reaches the surface of the water.
True
False
Organisms that are harvested from aquatic systems for food are considered less energy efficient than crops. Why is this true?
Crops capture directly from the sun, since they are primary producers
Fish are from less trophic levels so they have a larger energy storage
Crops are less energy efficient since they perform photosynthesis
Aquatic organisms are more energy efficient since they perform respiration
What is the goal of having a maximum sustainable yield in fishing?
To harvest as much fish as possible for profit, no matter the consequences
To harvest a lower and insufficient amount of fish
To harvest enough fish that the population isn’t harmed and continues to grow
To harvest unsustainable amounts fish that the population is harmed
Advances in fishing techniques have caused the populations of many aquatic organisms to be over harvested. Which of the following is a consequence of over harvesting fish?
Fish are not harmed by these newer fishing techniques
The population of aquatic organisms is actually safer due to these new techniques
Overharvesting of fish can lead to the endangerment of them
Fish reproduce quickly, so overfishing is a minor issue
True or False: Sonar can be used by fishing boats to distinguish different breeds of fish.
True
False
Aquaculture is considered “fish farming”. What is a benefit of Aquaculture vs traditional fishing?
Aquaculture interferes with wild fishes' ability to reproduce more.
Fish in the wild are more protected since in Aquaculture fish farmers can just purchase the eggs of a preferred fish breed.
Traditional fishing methods are more beneficial to wild fish compared to Aquaculture.
Aquaculture is not beneficial since it's driving the extinction of many wild fish
Although Aquaculture is beneficial to wild fishing populations, there some issues involved. Which of the following options is an issue that can happen with Aquaculture?
Natural habitats are not harmed by Aquaculture
Lots of wild fish can get inside the fish farms.
Medications used in fish farms can spill into coastal areas
Wild fishing populations are declining due to aquaculture
What is an example of a contaminant that can come from a fish farm?
Oil
Fertilizers
Food waste
Heavy metals
Direct measures take samples of the water and measure the concentrations of different chemicals. Which of the following are chemical indicators for direct measures?
Indicator Species
BOD
Index Species
Salt
You are researching the water quality in a local river. You notice that there is a very high diversity of organisms. What can this tell you about water quality in this river?
The water quality is good
The water quality is poor
The water is highly polluted
BOD stands for biochemical oxygen demand. You are conducting research in a local river and you are measuring BOD. You measure that the river’s BOD is lower. What does that mean?
Low BOD indicates that oxygen levels are higher
Low BOD indicates that oxygen levels are low
Low BOD indicates that the river has organic matter undergoing decomposition
Low BOD indicates high levels of water contaminants
True or False: An indicator species is one whose presence, absence or abundance can be used as an indicator of pollution.
True
False
Eutrophication of lakes can cause algal blooms. What causes Eutrophication?
Nitrates and Phosphates
Nitrogen and Carbon Dioxide
Phosphates and Oxygen
Nitrogen and Methane
Once a body of water has undergone Eutrophication, it is highly unlikely it will return to its original state. What can be done to reverse and repair the effects of Eutrophication?
Reducing human activities that can create pollutants.
Increasing the release of pollutants into the environment like fertilizers.
Allowing for contaminated ecosystems to restore themselves
Adding fecal matter to bodies of water that have undergone eutrophication to remove pollutants
Which of the following are involved in driving ocean circulation?
Temperature
Buoyancy
Viscosity
Mass
Human activities exist that have a high-impact on surface run-off and infiltration. What activity below is considered a “high-impact” activity?
Oil Exploration
Agriculture
Mining
Manufacturing
Ocean water has a high level of salinity. What is the name of the main salt the ocean has?
Calcium Carbonate
Potassium Chloride
Sodium Chloride
Magnesium chloride
The world ocean has 3 temperature zones. Which temperature has lowest ocean temperatures?
Surface Zone
Thermocline
Deep Zone
Lithosphere
The agriculture industry uses excessive amounts of freshwater daily. As the population increases, even more freshwater will be used to raise crops. Which of the following can help enhance water supplies when raising crops?
Using sprinklers to water crops
Using drought resistant crops
Using artificial fertilizers
Using natural pesticides
Which organism is present in bodies of water that have a high biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)?
Tubifex
Stonefly Nymphs
Lichen
Nettles
Which organism is present in bodies of water that have a low biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)?
Tubifex
Stonefly Nymphs
Lichen
Nettles
In which "sphere" is water located at?
Lithosphere
Atmosphere
Geopshere
Hydrosphere
Ocean currents are able to move towards the warmer and colder regions of the world. Which ocean currents move towards the equator and towards the poles?
Warm currents move water away from Equator to poles and Cold currents move it from poles to equator
Warm currents move water from poles to equator and Cold currents move it from equator to poles
Cold currents move from the north pole to south poles and Warm currents remain near equator
True or False: Algae that can form dead zones, like red algae, are caused now caused by warmer waters and the washing into the sea of farm fertilizers and sewage.
True
False
In which depth and temperature in the ocean would you find the least amount of salt?
Deep ocean and the temperature would be cold
Shallow ocean and the temperature would be warm
Deep ocean and the temperature would be warm
Shallow ocean and the temperature would be cold
