Consistently meeting customer needs and

expectations.

_______ quality must be defined from the perspective of the

stakeholder.

The _____ has a stake in the quality of a product or

service,

_________ is a dynamic state associated with products, services, people,

processes, and environments that meets or exceeds expectations

and helps produce superior value.

___________is an approach to doing business

that attempts to maximize the

competitiveness of an

organization through the

continual improvement of the

quality of its products, services,

people, processes, and

environments.

“the father of scientific management”

Made planning the responsibility of management and production a

part of the tasks of workers.

_________ resulted in the use of statistical methods in the control of

quality, which led to the concepts of control charts and

statistical process control that are now part of the fundamental

aspects of the total quality approach.

______ of components used to manufacture similar

products is essential to reduce the

number of components to be held in stock to cater to all

possible combinations of a customer's

customization spree.

The concept of __________ is built on the concept of postponement. This is

the extreme

form of postponement as the product is subject to the final configuration as and when

the

customers' specific order is known. The aim is to provide the customer with custom

solutions or,

in other words, exactly what he or she wants, but to provide this with the same

efficiency

achieved in mass production.

Economies of scale occur when product design costs are spread over a large volume.

Very often, a standard component in a product provides the same functionality without paying for new

engineering work and customization.

Standardized product interfaces often reduce product design periods as has been

demonstrated in personal computer designs. Manufacturers have benefited by industry standards that define the

protocol that must exist between each module.

Standard products may create economies of scale in transportation. Inventories

of standard products can also be placed at sites near customers to facilitate a rapid response

to any order, often providing a competitive advantage with time-conscious customers.

In the fashion world, this is called

mix-and-match clothing. In manufacturing, assemble to order

systems allow the customer to specify a need and then either

the customer or the vendor selects pre-engineered

sub-assemblies to meet a customer's need. The product is then

either assembled or shipped as a kit to the customer. This is the

system that Dell uses. A wider variety of end product options is

possible but within certain limits.