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WorksheetsUnit 3 Assessment Review
Total questions: 61
Worksheet time: 46mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
A large amount of sediment is deposited on a plain in a short amount of geologic time. Which of the following correctly describes a possible result?
a)
The crust is uplifted due to groundwater infiltrating the sediment.
b)
The crust subsides due to the weight of the sediment that accumulates.
c)
The crust subsides due to the motion of the sediment as it is deposited.
d)
The crust is uplifted due to the difference in weight between the sediment and bedrock.
2.
Which physical change takes place when an igneous rock turns into sedimentary rock?
a)
weathering
b)
deformation
c)
pressure increases
d)
temperature decreases
3.
Rocks are always a part of the rock cycle, even though they may stay in one part of it for millions of years. Which part of the rock cycle helps form igneous rock, but not other types of rock?
a)
erosion
b)
melting
c)
deposition
d)
metamorphism
4.
Rocks are always a part of the rock cycle, even though they may stay in one part of it for millions of years. Which part of the rock cycle helps form sedimentary rock, but not other types of rock?
a)
erosion
b)
melting
c)
subduction
d)
metamorphism
5.
Slate is a metamorphic rock that forms from shale, which is a sedimentary rock. Which of the following would be needed for shale to form from slate?
a)
increased heat
b)
increased pressure
c)
erosion and deposition
d)
melting and solidification
6.
The diagram shown below shows a rift zone forming between two oceanic plates. Which of the following correctly describes how the two tectonic plates are moving?
a)
One plate is sinking under the other.
b)
They are moving toward each other.
c)
They are moving away from each other.
d)
One plate is falling and the other is rising.
7.
Rainwater can break down rocks by dissolving minerals in the rocks. Acid rain is rainwater that is more acidic than normal rainwater. Acid rain can also dissolve the minerals in rocks faster than normal rainwater can. How does acid rain affect different types of rock?
a)
It causes an equal amount of weathering in all types of rock.
b)
It changes sedimentary and igneous rocks into metamorphic rocks.
c)
It dissolves some rocks faster because of their different compositions.
d)
It causes metamorphic and sedimentary rocks to melt and form igneous rocks.
8.
Mountain ranges can be produced when tectonic plates collide and push areas of Earth's crust to higher elevations. What is the correct term for this process?
a)
uplift
b)
erosion
c)
deposition
d)
subsidence
9.
Over time, repeated cycles of heating and cooling can cause a rock to crack. The rock may then break into smaller pieces. What is this process called?
a)
erosion
b)
deposition
c)
subsidence
d)
weathering
10.
While visiting the Grand Canyon, Whitney noticed it contains many layers of sedimentary rock. How did the sedimentary rock most likely form?
a)
by magma slowly cooling and changing into solid rock
b)
by heat and pressure creating separate layers of materials
c)
by lava from volcanic eruptions cooling on Earth's surface
d)
by sand and other materials being deposited and hardening over time
11.
A volcanic eruption took place about 2 billion years ago and released lava onto Earth's surface. The lava cooled to form basalt. Which of the following is least likely to have happened to the basalt over this time?
a)
Some of the basalt changed into metamorphic rock.
b)
Some of the basalt melted and became molten rock.
c)
Most of the basalt stayed the same for 2 billion years.
d)
Most of the basalt broke down and became sediment.
12.
Which of these phrases defines subsidence?
a)
Earth's crust rising
b)
Earth's crust sinking
c)
Earth's crust shifting sideways
d)
Earth's crust moving in any direction
13.
When a volcano erupts, ash can enter Earth's atmosphere. Eventually, the ash falls back down to Earth's surface. Which term describes the falling of volcanic ash to Earth's surface?
a)
erosion
b)
deposition
c)
subsidence
d)
weathering
14.
The flow chart below shows how a metamorphic rock can change into a sedimentary rock. Which term should replace the question mark?
a)
cooling
b)
melting
c)
deposition
d)
weathering
15.
Declan observed a rock that he found at the beach. The rock felt hard, it was yellow, and it appeared to be made of layers. Declan concluded that the rock was sedimentary. Which observation best supports this conclusion?
a)
the yellow color
b)
the hardness of the rock
c)
the layers within the rock
d)
the location where the rock was found
16.
Which change of state takes place when magma turns into igneous rock?
a)
gas to solid
b)
solid to gas
c)
solid to liquid
d)
liquid to solid
17.
Slate is a metamorphic rock that forms from shale, which is a sedimentary rock. Which of the following would be needed for slate to form from shale?
a)
weathering
b)
heat and pressure
c)
erosion and deposition
d)
melting and solidification
18.
The diagram shown below shows a rift zone forming between two oceanic plates. Which of these actions is shown just below the center of the rift zone?
a)
subduction
b)
magma flowing up
c)
lava becoming solid
d)
continental crust melting
19.
Rainwater can break down rocks by dissolving minerals in the rocks. Acid rain is rainwater that is more acidic than normal rainwater. Acid rain can also dissolve the minerals in rocks faster than normal rainwater can. Which statement about acid rain is true?
a)
Acid rain causes less erosion than normal rainwater does.
b)
Acid rain causes more erosion than normal rainwater does.
c)
Acid rain causes less weathering than normal rainwater does.
d)
Acid rain causes more weathering than normal rainwater does.
20.
Erosion is a process that slowly changes rocks. Which of the following most likely causes pebbles in a stream to erode?
a)
flowing water
b)
force of gravity
c)
movement of ice
d)
freezing and thawing
21.
21. Derrick started to create a flow chart to show how one kind of rock can change into metamorphic rock. Which of these rock types could Derrick include in the top box?
a)
igneous rock only
b)
sedimentary rock only
c)
either igneous rock or sedimentary rock
d)
neither igneous rock nor sedimentary rock
22.
Study the diagram below. What process is occurring in this image?
a)
two tectonic plates are moving towards each other, creating a syncline
b)
two tectonic plates are pulling away from each other, creating a rift zone
c)
two tectonic plates are moving towards each other, creating an anticline
d)
two tectonic plates are moving towards each other, creating an anticline
23.
The diagram below shows a large region of Earth's crust. Which type of rock is forming deep below the surface?
a)
intrusive igneous rock
b)
extrusive igneous rock
c)
foliated metamorphic rock
d)
chemical sedimentary rock
24.
The diagram below shows a large region of Earth's crust. Which type of condition is changing the rock deep below the surface?
a)
erosion
b)
melting
c)
weathering
d)
high pressure
25.
The diagram below shows a river forming a delta as it slows down and enters the sea. As the river slows down, it deposits large amounts of sediment. Which term describes the rock that will eventually form from the sediment?
a)
clastic
b)
organic
c)
foliated
d)
extrusive
26.
The diagram below shows a cross section of a volcano during an eruption. Which term describes the rock that will eventually form on the surface as a result of the eruption?
a)
foliated
b)
intrusive
c)
extrusive
d)
nonfoliated
27.
Basalt is a dark-colored, fine-grained rock, and granite is a light-colored, coarse-grained rock. Which of the following correctly explains how each forms?
a)
Basalt forms when lava cools, and granite forms when magma cools.
b)
Basalt forms when magma cools, and granite forms when lava cools.
c)
Basalt forms when lava cools, and granite forms when clasts are cemented.
d)
Basalt forms when clasts are cemented, and granite forms when magma cools.
28.
Basalt is a dark-colored, fine-grained rock, and granite is a light-colored, coarse-grained rock. Which term correctly identifies the class of rock that each rock belongs to?
a)
Basalt is organic and granite is clastic.
b)
Basalt is clastic and granite is organic.
c)
Basalt is extrusive and granite is intrusive.
d)
Basalt is intrusive and granite is extrusive.
29.
Conglomerate, sandstone, and siltstone are all examples of sedimentary rocks. Which of the following is the process of formation that these rocks have in common?
a)
evaporation
b)
cementation
c)
solidification
d)
condensation
30.
Conglomerate, sandstone, and siltstone are all examples of sedimentary rocks. What do each of these rocks have in common?
a)
They are all clastic sedimentary rocks.
b)
They are all organic sedimentary rocks.
c)
They are all foliated sedimentary rocks.
d)
They are all chemical sedimentary rocks.
31.
Rocks of all types can be classified according to their texture. Which of the following correctly describes texture?
a)
It describes the sizes, shapes, and colors of the grains that make up the rock.
b)
It describes the sizes, shapes, and densities of the grains that make up the rock.
c)
It describes the sizes, shapes, and positions of the grains that make up the rock.
d)
It describes the sizes, shapes, and compositions of the grains that make up the rock
32.
Rocks of all types can be classified according to their texture. Which of the following is an example of a rock texture?
a)
organic
b)
foliated
c)
intrusive
d)
light-colored
33.
Igneous rocks form when magma cools and solidifies. As the magma cools, minerals form. What effect will the rate at which the magma cools have on the texture of the igneous rock?
a)
the faster the magma cools, the smaller the crystals in the rock will be
b)
the slower the magma cools, the smaller the crystals in the rock will be
c)
the faster the magma cools, the more foliated the rock's texture will be
d)
the slower the magma cools, the more foliated the rock's texture will be
34.
Which of the following is a direct source of material for the formation of metamorphic rock?
a)
clasts
b)
magma
c)
sediments
d)
existing rock
35.
Which of the following correctly describes the difference between a mineral and a rock?
a)
Rock can be made of inorganic material, but minerals are always organic.
b)
Rocks are made of naturally occurring material, but minerals can be synthetic.
c)
Rocks are made of crystalline material, but minerals are always noncrystalline.
d)
Rock can be made of noncrystalline material, but minerals are always crystals.
36.
Metamorphic rocks are classified according to their texture. Which of the following describes nonfoliated texture?
a)
mineral grains that all have similar sizes
b)
mineral grains arranged in planes or bands
c)
mineral grains arranged in random positions
d)
mineral grains that have a range of different sizes
37.
Sedimentary rocks can form in several different ways. Which of the following are all different types of sedimentary rock?
a)
chemical, clastic, organic
b)
clastic, inorganic, chemical
c)
organic, clastic, nonfoliated
d)
crystalline, chemical, organic
38.
Which of the following gives a correct description of lava and magma?
a)
Lava is magma that erupts onto Earth's surface.
b)
Lava is hot, liquid rock and magma is solidified lava.
c)
Lava forms intrusive rocks and magma forms extrusive rocks.
d)
Lava forms foliated rocks and magma forms nonfoliated rocks.
39.
Texture and composition are both used to classify rocks. Which of the following is an example of how a rock's texture can give clues about its origin?
a)
A marble is made up of only one kind of mineral.
b)
A shale is made up of tiny grains that all have the same color.
c)
A granite is made up of the minerals quartz, feldspar, and mica.
d)
A conglomerate is made up of rounded clasts cemented together.
40.
Granite forms when liquid magma slowly cools within Earth's crust. If the granite is exposed to intense heat and pressure, it can change to gneiss. Which type of change takes place when granite turns into gneiss?
a)
Sedimentary rock changes to igneous rock.
b)
Igneous rock changes to metamorphic rock.
c)
Metamorphic rock changes to igneous rock.
d)
Sedimentary rock changes to metamorphic rock.
41.
Granite can form when magma cools within the Earth. Basalt can form when lava cools on Earth's surface. What do granite and basalt have in common?
a)
They are igneous.
b)
They are old.
c)
They are fossils.
d)
They are intrusive
42.
Which of the following best describes how sedimentary rock forms?
a)
molten rock beneath the surface of the Earth cools and becomes solid
b)
layers of material become compressed to form rock
c)
chemical processes or changes in pressure or temperature change the texture and composition of a rock
d)
molten rock reaches the surface and cools to become solid rock
43.
Stalactites and stalagmites are two cone-shaped mineral formations that form in caves. Stalactites hang down from the ceiling, and stalagmites rise up from the cave floor. What causes cave minerals to form in this way?
a)
Molten rock cools and hardens as it reaches Earth's surface.
b)
Groundwater heated by molten rock reacts with minerals in the rock to form new minerals.
c)
Existing minerals change into new minerals when nearby molten rock causes an increase in temperature.
d)
Groundwater carrying dissolved materials combines with surface water and causes minerals to precipitate out of solution.
44.
Minerals make up most of the rocks on Earth's surface. What are three changes that can cause minerals to form by metamorphism?
a)
pressure, temperature, melting
b)
pressure, physical makeup, melting
c)
temperature, melting, physical makeup
d)
temperature, pressure, chemical makeup
45.
Minerals make up most of the rocks on Earth's surface. What is the difference between minerals that form from magma and those that form by metamorphism?
a)
Minerals that form from magma change their composition.
b)
Minerals that form from magma change from liquid to solid.
c)
Minerals that form from magma are altered by intense pressure.
d)
Minerals that form from magma are hotter than metamorphosed minerals.
46.
What makes native elements different from other nonsilicate minerals?
a)
Native elements contain sulfur compounds.
b)
Native elements contain silicon compounds.
c)
Native elements contain oxygen compounds.
d)
Native elements are composed of only one element.
47.
Lamont has a dark container. He knows that the container has a mass of 2.0 g when it is empty. He cannot see inside the container. However, he is able to use a balance to determine that the container has a mass of 2.7 g. What can Lamont conclude about the container?
a)
It contains matter.
b)
It contains a solid.
c)
It contains energy.
d)
It contains a liquid.
48.
The table below shows the Mohs hardness scale. HardnessMineral1talc2gypsum3calcite4fluorite5apatite6feldspar7quartz8topaz9corundum10diamond A scientist rubs an unknown mineral against samples of calcite and apatite. The mineral leaves a scratch on both samples. Which of the following is the unknown mineral?
a)
apatite
b)
calcite
c)
fluorite
d)
gypsum
49.
Which properties describe all matter?
a)
having volume and charge
b)
having mass and taking up space
c)
having atoms and taking up space
d)
having molecules and temperature
50.
Which of these is a silicate mineral?
a)
gold
b)
mica
c)
halite
d)
oxygen
51.
Diamond is a valuable mineral that is made up of carbon atoms arranged in a repeating pattern. This repeating pattern gives diamonds their hardness. Which of these characteristics do diamonds share with all minerals?
a)
extreme hardness
b)
rarity and high cost
c)
orderly crystal structure
d)
made up of carbon atoms
52.
The drawing below shows the cleavage of four minerals. A scientist studies a sample of an unknown mineral. She notices that it can form perfect cubes when it breaks. What kind of mineral could this be?
a)
calcite
b)
fluorite
c)
halite
d)
muscovite
53.
These diagrams show the arrangement of silicon and oxygen atoms in two different materials. Which statement best classifies these two materials and why?
a)
They are both minerals because they contain silicon and oxygen atoms.
b)
Only A is a mineral because it has an orderly arrangement and B does not.
c)
Neither is a mineral because they both contain more than one type of atom.
d)
Only B is a mineral because it has rings with more than six atoms and A does not.
54.
These diagrams show the arrangement of silicon and oxygen atoms in two different materials. What makes the material in diagram A a silicate mineral?
a)
It contains oxygen atoms and atoms of at least one other element.
b)
It is made up of an orderly arrangement of silicon and oxygen atoms.
c)
It is made up of an orderly arrangement of more than one type of atom.
d)
It is made up of silicon and oxygen atoms that have no particular pattern.
55.
The table below lists the masses and volumes of four mineral samples. MineralMass (g)Volume (mL)Feldspar166.2Galena91.2Garnet123.0Quartz103.7 Which mineral has the greatest density?
a)
feldspar
b)
galena
c)
garnet
d)
quartz
56.
The table below lists the densities of four different mineral samples. MineralDensity (g/mL)Feldspar2.6Galena7.5Garnet4.0Quartz2.7 A sample of an unknown mineral has a mass of 32 g and a volume of 8.0 mL. Based on the information given in the table, which mineral is it?
a)
feldspar
b)
galena
c)
garnet
d)
quartz
57.
Phong is examining samples of quartz, feldspar, and mica. What do all of these samples have in common?
a)
They are metals.
b)
They are pure elements.
c)
They are silicate minerals.
d)
They are nonsilicate minerals.
58.
A student is testing a mineral in science class.__________What property of the mineral is being tested?
a)
cleavage
b)
color
c)
luster
d)
streak
59.
Which one of the following statements about elements, atoms, and compounds is not true?
a)
Elements consist of one type of atom and can combine to form compounds.
b)
Compounds are smaller than atoms.
c)
Elements and compounds form the basis of all materials on Earth.
d)
Atoms cannot be broken down into smaller substances.
60.
Over time, repeated temperature changes can cause a rock to break down into smaller pieces. What is this an example of?
a)
Subsidence
b)
Weathering
c)
Deposition
d)
Erosion
61.
The table below lists five classes of nonsilicate minerals.ClassDescriptionExampleCarbonatescontain carbon and oxygen compoundscalciteHalidescontain ions of chlorine, fluorine, iodine, and brominehaliteNative elementscontain only one type of atomgoldOxidescontain oxygen compoundshematiteSulfidescontain sulfur compoundspyriteThere are actually six classes of nonsilicate minerals. Which class is missing from this chart?
a)
Feldspars
b)
Micas
c)
Silicates
d)
Sulfates
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