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Genetics HW

Total questions: 72

Worksheet time: 2hrs 46mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

​ (a)   is genetic material arranged in a double helix (or ladder shape) which can code for ​ (b)   .

Choose from the below words
DNA
TRAITS
A PEDIGREE
CHROMOSOMES
2.

Where in the cell is DNA found?

a)

Nucleus

b)

Cytoplasm

c)

Chloroplast

d)

Cell Membrane

3.

What are sections of DNA (or sections on a chromosome) called?

a)

DNA

b)

Genes

c)

Chromosomes

d)

Nucleus

4.

A gene determines a __________ such as eye or hair color.

a)

nucleus

b)

DNA

c)

chromosome

d)

Trait

5.

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

a)

21

b)

22

c)

23

d)

24

6.

The union of egg and sperm to form a new offspring is

a)

gene

b)

fertilization

c)

amino acids

d)

DNA

7.

How are similarities passed from parent to offspring?

a)

through teaching

b)

through learning

c)

through blood

d)

through genes

8.

DNA is found in cheek cells

a)

True

b)

False

9.

The same copy of DNA is in all the nuclei of an organism

a)

True

b)

False

10.

What is the structure in the nucleus of a cell that holds one long molecule of DNA?

a)

gene

b)

chromosome

c)

genome

d)

RNA

11.

The number of chromsomes depends on the type of organism.

a)

true

b)

false

12.

Which nitrogenous base is not found on DNA?

a)

cytosine

b)

thymine

c)

guanine

d)

adenine

e)

uracil

13.

Each nucleotide is made up of three parts: a sugar, a phosphate, and a base. True or false?

a)

True

b)

False

14.

There are (a)   different kinds of bases found in DNA.

15.

In DNA molecule, adenine always pairs with _________.

a)

cystosine

b)

guanine

c)

thymine

d)

uracil

16.

The two nitrogenous bases that are joined by a hydrogen bond and create a "rung" on the DNA ladder.

a)

gene

b)

base pair

c)

nucleotide

d)

nucleotide sequence

17.

The order of nucleotides that determine which protein is made.

a)

base pair

b)

chromosome

c)

protein synthesis

d)

nucleotide sequence

18.
Which of the following is a phenotype?
a)
Aa
b)
red hair
c)
heterozygous
d)
DNA
19.
Dominant alleles are represented by a:
a)
Male gene
b)
lowercase letter
c)
recessive trait
d)
capital letter
20.
How many boxes would say BB?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
4
d)
0
21.
T - tall and t = short
In the punnett square below, what belongs in the missing square
a)
tt
b)
Tt
c)
Bb
d)
TT
22.
T - tall and t = short
In the punnett square below, what belongs in the missing square
a)
tt
b)
Tt
c)
Bb
d)
TT
23.
G = green, g = yellow
The genotype for a yellow plant is...
a)
GG
b)
Gg
c)
gg
d)
all of the choices result in yellow
24.
What allele combination should go in the missing box?
a)
AA
b)
Aa
c)
aa
d)
none of these
25.
If B = brown hair and b = blonde hair, what is the probability of brown hair?
a)
25%
b)
50%
c)
0%
d)
75%
26.
A ________________________ is used to predict the possible genotype from certain parents
a)

Mendel Grid

b)

Karyotype

c)

Punnett Square

d)

Pedigree

27.
Which of the following genotypes is heterozygous?
a)
Bb
b)
BB
c)
bb
d)
B
28.
Which of the following is homozygous recessive?
a)
Tt
b)
tt
c)
TT
d)
T
29.
Which of the following genotypes is homozygous dominant?
a)
A
b)
Aa
c)
AA
d)
aa
30.

_____ is the genetic makeup of an organism.

a)

phenotype

b)

genotype

31.

How many alleles does a person carry for a trait?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

32.

How many alleles does a child get from each parent for a trait?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

33.
What do we use pedigrees for?
a)

To look at families

b)

To make predict what the offspring will be

c)

To track traits in families' lineage

d)

Nothing

34.

In a pedigree, which shape represents a male?

a)

circle

b)

square

35.
What is the genotype of the mother?
a)
BB
b)
bb
c)
Bb
d)
BB or Bb
36.
What is the genotype of the father?
a)
AA
b)
aa
c)
Aa
d)
AA or aa
37.

Generation 2 individuals 5 and 6 are

a)

brother and sister.

b)

cousins.

c)

married.

d)

not related.

38.
True or False? A tightly wound bundle of DNA is a chromosome.
a)
False
b)
True
39.

Mutations can be negative because

a)

They can cause cancer.

b)

They can cause birth defects.

c)

They can help an organism thrive in its environment.

d)

They can affect future offspring.

40.

Mutations can benefit humans because they can:

a)

Cause illness

b)

Make an organism more suited to live in its environment.

c)

Make organisms live shorter lives

d)

Cause organisms to grow extra limbs.

41.

A mutation is defined as:

a)

A change in the cell's structure

b)

Anything that changes in an embryo

c)

Any change in the physical features of a human

d)

A change in the DNA sequence

42.
What causes mutations?
a)

Mistakes in DNA replication or environmental substances (sun causing cancer, etc.)

b)

The amino acids

c)

Passed down by genetics

d)

You accidentally get alleles from someone other than your parents

43.

Who does a mutation effect?

a)

individuals

b)

only parents

c)

a person's children

d)

only children

44.

Mutations can be random.

a)

True

b)

False

45.

True or false, mutations create genetic diversity?

a)

True

b)

False

46.

Mutations are __________.

a)

Harmful

b)

Harmful or beneficial

c)

Neutral

d)

Harmful, neutral, or beneficial

47.

Your ​genotype is the combination of ​ (a)   from both parents. Your genotype also gives instructions for what ​ (b)   to make.

Choose from the below words
alleles
proteins
mutations
48.

Which is NOT a characteristic of asexual reproduction?

a)

One parent

b)

Two parents

c)

Offspring are clones

d)

Genetically identical

49.

How does the DNA of the offspring formed from asexual reproduction compare to the parent?

a)

none of the DNA is transferred to the offspring

b)

half of the DNA is transferred to the offspring

c)

the DNA of the offspring is identical to the DNA of the parent

d)

none of these are correct

50.

All forms of asexual reproduction use _________________ to grow new cells and organisms.

a)

mitosis

b)

meiosis

51.

What type of asexual reproduction is pictured?

a)

binary fission

b)

budding

c)

vegetative propagation

d)

fragmentation

52.

Selective breeding is...

a)

a process to create an organism with desired traits from parents with those desired traits to benefit humans

b)

natural method of producing offspring with desired traits

c)

creating a new species

d)

making organisms reproduce during times of stress

53.

One problem with selective breeding is

a)

creating a new species

b)

gene variety is lost

c)

extinction of a species

54.
Which is another term for selective breeding?
a)
Artificial selection
b)
Natural Selection
c)
Intelligent selection
55.
Evidence shows that the wolf is the ancestor to all of the breeds of dogs shown below. How did this variation arise in a relatively short period of time?
a)

Natural selection

b)

Random chance

c)

Selective breeding

56.

Selective breeding

a)

organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring

b)

process used by humans to develop new organisms with desirable characteristics

57.

What are sections of DNA called?

a)

DNA

b)

Genes

c)

Chromosomes

d)

Nucleus

58.
DNA contains genes that provide instructions for inherited traits. What is the relationship  between the genes and chromosomes?  
a)
Genes are pieces of DNA that make up chromosomes
b)
 Genes are made up of thousands of chromosomes.
c)
Genes are identical to chromosomes
d)
For every chromosome there is normally one matching gene.
59.
Which of these choices describes a piece of DNA that determines a specific trait such as attached earlobes?    
a)
a chromosome
b)
a heterozygous trait
c)
 a gene
d)
a characteristic
60.
Which of these choices is the definition of allele?    
a)

the form of a gene that is always expressed

b)

one of the possible forms (or variations) of a gene

c)

the combination of two genes for a specific trait

d)

the complete genetic makeup of a living thing

61.
A species of rabbit can have brown fur or white fur. One rabbit with two alleles for brown fur  (BB) has brown fur. A second rabbit with two alleles for white fur (bb) has white fur. Which   statement is true about the alleles B and b?      
a)
They are always found on the same chromosome.
b)
They result in the same fur color.
c)
They are two different alleles of the same gene.
d)
They provide identical instructions for different' traits.
62.

Which sex has the chromosomes XY?

a)

Female

b)

Male

c)

Cannot be determined.

63.

What sex has the chromosomes XX?

a)

Female

b)

Male

c)

Cannot be determined.

64.
Any change in the sequence of DNA is...
a)
transgenic shift
b)
Single Genotype
c)
Monohybrid Trait
d)
Mutation
65.

A spider has a mutation that increases the amount of venom in each bite on its prey. This is an example of a ________ mutation.

a)

neutral

b)

beneficial

c)

harmful

d)

very harmful

66.

Advantages of Asexual Reproduction​ ​ (a)   ​ (b)  

Choose from the below words
do not need to find a mate
can produce many offspring fast
more genetic diversity
67.

What is the big advantage of sexual reproduction?

a)

Can quickly grow the population

b)

Can adapt to changing environments

c)

Offspring are guaranteed to be successful in an unchanged environment.

d)

Only one parent is required to reproduce.

68.

In sexual reproduction, the offspring are.

a)

identical (uniform)

b)

diverse (different)

69.

___________________ is a type of asexual reproduction in which a piece of a parent organism breaks off to form an new organism (ex. starfish).

a)

budding

b)

fission

c)

fertilization

d)

regeneration

70.

What type of asexual reproduction is taking place?

a)

Fragmentation

b)

Binary Fission

c)

Regeneration

d)

Budding

71.

What are some advantages of asexual reproduction are: (select all that apply - there are 3)

a)

offspring are already well-adapted for the environment

b)

it only requires one organism

c)

there is a lot of genetic variety

d)

it takes less energy than sexual reproduction

72.

Which of the following is an advantage of sexual reproduction?

a)

All of the above

b)

Removes bad genes from the population

c)

Leads to genetic variations in new generation, which is fundamental for environmental adaptation

d)

Organism is more protected – does not necessarily have the weakness of parent

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