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Conflict Resolution

Total questions: 98

Worksheet time: 25hrs 30mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Who used competition and class analysis as conflict tools?

a)

Karl Von Clausewitz

b)

Adam Smith

c)

Karl Marx

d)

Niccolo Macchiavelli

e)

Ibn Khaldoun

2.

What are the 3 components of conflict?

a)

incompatibility

b)

action

c)

containment

d)

actors

e)

prediction

3.

Clausewitz' Trinity of War is made up of:

a)

government

b)

weapons and arms

c)

proletariat

d)

people

e)

army

4.

Who said "War is an extension of politics" ?

a)

Macchiavelli

b)

Clausewitz

c)

Sun Tzu

d)

Marx

e)

Adam Smith

5.

"Goals are fully met for the conflict parties" - this is:

a)

needs-based origins

b)

withdrawals

c)

compromise

d)

transcendence

6.

"goals are met less than fully for the conflict parties" this is:

a)

de-escalation

b)

compromise

c)

transcendence

d)

withdrawal

e)

7.

"goals are given up" this is:

a)

transcendence

b)

withdrawal

c)

polarisation

d)

rational strategic calculation

8.

what is the main aim of Coser's 'open channels' ?

a)

to identify and locate unmet needs of conflict parties

b)

to initiate the process of polarisation

c)

correlates levels of human development

d)

to establish process dynamics

9.

Who developed the concept of 'protracted social conflict'?

a)

Edward Azar

b)

Johan Galtung

c)

John Burton

d)

Kenneth Boulding

e)

10.

What are the 3 components of Galtung's conflict triangle?

a)

attitude

b)

behaviour

c)

contradiction

d)

coercion

e)

compromise

11.

'elite peacemaking at the highest levels; negotiation and mediation among the main protagonists' this is:

a)

conflict settlement

b)

conflict containment

c)

conflict transformation

d)

war limitation

12.

what are the requirements of an analytical model?

a)

accuracy

b)

explanation of relationship between parties

c)

reliable predictions

d)

theoretical support and explanations

e)

causal solutions

13.

who is associated with the phrase 'the ends justify the means' ?

a)

Clausewitz

b)

Macchiavelli

c)

Adam Smith

d)

Bentham

e)

Sun Tzu

14.

What are the 3 concepts that run through Macchiavelli's work?

a)

fortune

b)

necessity

c)

virtue

d)

duty

e)

order

15.

what leads to the scenarios of disintegrated war zones, opportunistic rebellions and chaotic Hobbesian war?

a)

the collapse of political structures as a result of sustained attrition

b)

international linkages

c)

governments which are dominated by the most powerful identity group which maximise their interests through the state

d)

communal content that correlates a degree of ethnic dominance

e)

war economy - from taxation and state mobilisation to external assistance and parallel economies

16.

captures the interconnection of different parties involved in conflicts

a)

conflict complexes

b)

transnational conflict

c)

needs based analysis

d)

international linkages

17.

who believed in the importance of 'ripeness' in negotiation and conflict resolution?

a)

Bouldin

b)

Zartman

c)

Burton

d)

Clausewitz

18.

Where violence occurs after the Peace Agreement

a)

bipolar warfare

b)

escalation

c)

transcendence

d)

spoilers

19.

at which point is rational calculation theory applied?

a)

the ending of wars

b)

the process of peace agreement initiation

c)

the start of conflict

d)

half way through a war / conflict

20.

Who created the theory and practice of mediation along with the 4 elements in the mediation process?

a)

Curle

b)

Galtung

c)

Lederach

d)

Burton

e)

Boulding

21.

one side has all its demands met on one issue and the other has all its goals met on another issue. needs 2 separate incompatibility diagrams. this is:

a)

coercion

b)

division of resources

c)

commission trading

d)

horse trading

22.

who believes that conflict helps keep relationships and social structures honest, alive, and responsive to human needs and aspirations?

a)

Macchiavelli

b)

Clausewitz

c)

Lederach

d)

Galtung

e)

Zartman

23.

what are the 3 levels of action according to Lederach's pyramid?

a)

top elite

b)

grassroots

c)

middle range

d)

proletariat

e)

power figures of society

24.

Strategic interest for global powers for movements of fleets, troops or aircraft. conflicts over territory

a)

geopolitik

b)

realpolitik

c)

kapitalpolitik

d)

armypolitik

25.

economic strategy for global trade and so forth. this is relative to conflicts in which economic issues are central; transnational infrastructure and economic relationships

a)

geopolitik

b)

kapitalpolitik

c)

realpolitik

d)

economopolitik

26.

power is what decides the outcome of the conflicts. negotiations and compromise mean neither party is strong enough to impose victory

a)

geopolitik

b)

stratopolitik

c)

kapitalpolitik

d)

realpolitik

27.

what is the most likely outcome when one party withdraws from a conflict?

a)

single party domination

b)

stalemate

c)

victory and defeat

d)

cessation

e)

equal truce

28.

What is the Latin term for the 'state existing before war' ?

(a)  

29.

which of these conflicts show cases in which stronger military defeat than withdrawal was an easier option:

a)

Iraq - Kuwait war

b)

Sri Lanka conflict

c)

Falklands war

d)

Israeli-Palestinian conflict

e)

Colombia conflict

30.

With a distinction between winner and loser, the strong power asymmetry between the 2 needs to be maintained by the stronger party after peace. military expenditure is also required.

a)

realpolitik resolution

b)

integrative solution

c)

punitive solution

d)

cosmopolitan conflict resolution

31.

which solution gives importance to reintegration of the losing party of a conflict into international or regional order? Including a normalisation stage which rewards good behaviour and incentivises non-aggression. furthermore, this makes asymmetry less pronounced, with emphasis on reintegration being objective for mutually beneficial partnerships therefore less likely to have a resurgence of conflict

a)

punitive solution

b)

integrative solution

c)

economical peace settlement

d)

balancing solution

32.

an economic theory that advocates government regulation of international trade to generate wealth and strengthen national power

a)

mercantilism

b)

game theory

c)

realpolitik

d)

neo institutionalism

e)

rational calculation theory

33.

government policies that restrict international trade to help domestic industries. usually implemented with the goal to improve economic activity within a domestic economy but can also be implemented for safety or quality concerns.

a)

economic state regulation precautions

b)

consumerist theory

c)

protectionism

d)

mercantilism

34.

"intervention followed by retreat can be disastrous" what is the best example of this?

a)

Sri Lanka

b)

Afghanistan

c)

Colombia

d)

Iraq

e)

Vietnam

35.

what are the characteristics that create difficulties to state formation?

a)

geographical conditions

b)

economic resources

c)

systemic difficulties

d)

national question

e)

military incompetence

36.

what impeded mercantilist state making?

a)

neopatrimonialist presence

b)

post colonial economic drops

c)

liberal capitalism

d)

globalisation

37.

independent states possessing natural resources and in turn create revenues without the need for the trade-off between mobilisation and participation of society. the rents accruing from these resources allow governments to provide essential public goods or payments for dissidents without having to make concessions

(a)  

38.

What were Zartman's principles?

a)

greed

b)

creed

c)

deed

d)

needs

e)

duties

39.

Where political entrepreneurs compete for exclusive leadership of the referent group

a)

consolidation phase

b)

competition phase

c)

state elite formation process

d)

supremacy theory

40.

Question about the Sri Lanka conflict: Which part of the country did the Tamils concentrate in?

a)

south

b)

north

41.

who coined the term "mutually hurting stalemate" ?

a)

burton

b)

lederach

c)

bouldin

d)

zartman

42.

Who rebelled in Sri Lanka during the 1970s the most?

a)

extreme nationalists (JVP)

b)

Sinhalese Maoist Movement

c)

Tamil Insurgency Group

d)

Tamil Elites

43.

who is known as the Sri Lankan LTTE leader?

a)

Pabkharan

b)

Balasingham

c)

Rajapaksa

d)

Urumaya

44.

Where institutionalised, international peace processes remove any room for manoeuvre of a certain party

a)

institutional binding

b)

peace trap

c)

chicken sandwich

d)

designated entrapment

e)

peace enforcement

45.

regarding the Sri Lankan conflict, which nations were appointed co-chairs of the peace process during the Tokyo conference?

a)

United States

b)

Japan

c)

European Union

d)

Norway

e)

United Kingdom

46.

the JVP & JHU won seats in Parliamentary elections and advocated a full scale military campaign to defeat the LTTE in the Sri Lankan Conflict

a)

true

b)

false

47.

give an example of an actor in the sri lanka peace process (actors in conflict resolution)

(a)  

48.

what are the 2 types of spoilers presented in the Sri Lankan conflict?

a)

to shape the process

b)

to destroy the process itself

c)

to end the conflict

d)

to achieve personal gains from intervening in the peace processes

49.

multiparty diplomatic negotiation, where diplomatic negotiation can be regarded as an 'exchange of concessions and compensations in a framework of international order accepted by sovereign entities'. this is known as:

a)

summit diplomacy

b)

multilateral diplomacy

c)

international negotiation and settlement

d)

conference diplomacy

50.

A system of Tariffs adopted in 1971 which gives preferential treatment to the developing countries

a)

generalised system of preferences

b)

GATT

c)

regulatory system of preferentialism

d)

support-designed tariffs

51.

what are the 3 broad aims of conflict prevention?

a)

preventing conflict emerging in neighbouring states

b)

preventing territorial secession

c)

preventing the re-emergence of violence

d)

prevent ongoing conflicts from spreading

e)

preventing emergence of violent conflict

52.

which of these are actual criticisms of peace processes?

a)

not enough witnessing bystanders to offer support to either side of conflict

b)

lack of inclusivity

c)

parties excluded from talks

d)

lack of confrontation of human rights abuses for fear of upsetting the peace process

e)

lack of financial support to parties

53.

what the breakup of the USSR violent or not?

a)

surprisingly no

b)

obviously yes

54.

failed state index definition include these 3 factors:

a)

inability to provide public services

b)

loss of control over territory

c)

extreme public debt and tanking economy

d)

erosion of legitimate authority

e)

cessation of a state

55.

Called for elections to be held in separatist-held territories under Ukrainian legislation and supervision of the OSCE. if balloting was deemed fair and free, then special self-governing status for the territories would be initiated and Ukraine would be returned control of its eastern most border. this is called:

a)

OSCE Eastern Democratisation Formula

b)

minsk agreement

c)

steinmeier formula

d)

ukrainian peace amendment

56.

which countries were interested in joining the Eurasian Union proposed by Russia to be launched in 2015?

a)

kazakhstan

b)

armenia

c)

belarus

d)

tajikistan

e)

georgia

57.

what are 2 potential lessons for the West from the Crimean annexation and Ukrainian conflict of 2014?

a)

not to be provocative and offer association agreements

b)

not to counter aggression with agression

c)

not to get involved with neighbouring states to the conflict

d)

to stage intervention immediately when conflicts erupt

58.

a motivational approach that involves offering a reward—for good behavior and a negative consequence for poor behavior. Sanctions integrated with inducements to effect a step by step process. this is called:

a)

consequential regulatory model

b)

diplomatic motivational theory

c)

behavioural - motivation model

d)

carrot and stick bargaining model

59.

strangling the economy with comprehensive sanctions affects leader's personal wealth and resources

a)

false

b)

true

60.

in which year did Narva seek secession from Estonia due to its Russian diaspora?

a)

1993

b)

1994

c)

1990

d)

1997

61.

which of the following countries experienced sanctions against terrorism?

a)

sri lanka

b)

afghanistan

c)

sudan

d)

libya

e)

ethiopia

62.

where did the UN security council's vast experience with peacekeeping initially originate from?

a)

suez war 1956

b)

israeli palestinian conflict 1948

c)

south african apartheid conflict 1994

d)

sri lanka conflict 1983

63.

at which 3 points is peacekeeping acceptable on the escalation scale?

a)

to contain violence and prevent escalation

b)

to limit the intensity and geographical spread and duration of the war

c)

to secure a ceasefire and create space for reconstruction after warfare

d)

to prevent mass bloodshed and implement humanitarian aid procedures

e)

to contain masses of refugee influx, displaced people, sick and vulnerable members of conflicting nations

64.

what are the 3 principles of peacekeeping?

a)

consent of the parties

b)

impartiality

c)

non use of force except in self defense or defense of the mandate

d)

implementation of humanitarian protection

e)

securing borders and ensuring no external spillage of conflict into neighbouring states

65.

who plans peacekeeping?

a)

UN Secretary General

b)

UN Secretariat

c)

Political leader of concerned state in conjunction with UN Advisory board

d)

UN Board of conflict resolution and peace seeking

66.

trivial question: how many UN operations took place during the cold war?

a)

11

b)

6

c)

13

d)

20

67.

which of these are examples of dirty war strategies?

a)

theft of resources from neighbouring states

b)

espionage

c)

state sponsored terrorism

d)

scorched earth tactics

e)

human trafficking

68.

paying for peacekeeping: how does the UN attain a peacekeeping budget?

a)

loans from member states

b)

donations

c)

loans from the parties involved in the conflict

d)

humanitarian fundraisers

69.

who supported the Vance Owen plan for Bosnia in 1992?

a)

Bosnian-Serb leaders

b)

Milosevic

c)

Croats

d)

Karadzic

70.

in which year were sanctions imposed by the security council onto Yugoslavia?

a)

1993

b)

1992

c)

1995

d)

1990

71.

name a country that formed a part of 1994 Contact Group during the Bosnian Conflict

(a)  

72.

the action of an outside party in serving as an intermediary between (or among) principals in a dispute, without direct principal-to-principal contact.

a)

intermediary diplomacy

b)

shuttle diplomacy

c)

international support pact

d)

multinational intermediary support act

73.

how did the Bosnian conflict end?

a)

victory for bosnian serbs

b)

stalemate

c)

ceasefire

d)

victory for bosniaks

74.

The Dayton Agreement:

a)

accepted the creation of Bosnian-Muslim-Croat federation in 1994

b)

accepted ethnic cleansing

c)

accepted the 51/49 split with federation and republika srpska

d)

officially recognised and forced apologies for the mass bloodshed and loos of life during the conflict

e)

implemented 9 cantons for Bosnia as per Vance Owen Plan

75.

bosnia herzegovina retained borders but is internally divided in 3 ways:

a)

ethnical

b)

administrative

c)

territorial

d)

religious

e)

class and elites

76.

in 2007, the ICJ ruled that Serbia had no direct responsibility for the genocide between 1992 and 1995

a)

true

b)

false

c)

77.

a process where a third party enters, acts, coordinates and leaves the scene

a)

procedural maintenance

b)

mediation

c)

maintenance intervening

d)

coordination theory

78.

with the desire to create Republika Srpska, who did the Bosnian Serbs want to lead them?

a)

karadzic

b)

milosevic

c)

izetbegovic

d)

tudjman

79.

after which point did the fighting start in Bosnia?

a)

after croatia and serbia declared their independence

b)

after hefty ethnic cleansing

c)

after the security council began imposing sanctions

d)

after the weaponry and military embargo was placed on yugoslavia

80.

when did the UN Security Council demand a ceasefire in bosnia?

a)

march 1995

b)

april 1994

c)

october 1993

d)

may 1992

81.

croats ethnically cleansed serbs from croatia in 1995

a)

false

b)

true

82.

trivial question: what was the name of the NATO Air campaign of 1995 against Bosnian Serb position called?

a)

operation ocean shield

b)

operation desert storm

c)

operation deliberate force

d)

operation active force

83.

when was a ceasefire actually respected by the Bosnian Serb and Bosniak forces?

a)

october 5, 1995

b)

september 13, 1994

c)

may 8, 1993

d)

december 19, 1996

84.

in what year did the Bosnian spring begin?

a)

2014

b)

2003

c)

1999

d)

2011

85.

what are the 4 choices available when a war is unwinnable?

a)

persist

b)

escalate

c)

flee

d)

explore and enter negotiation

e)

seek allies

86.

what are the 2 main criticisms of the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) ?

a)

a nation should not look back and risk causing new wounds

b)

sometimes the search for truth and efforts for reconciliation violate a multitude of laws and legal frameworks

c)

human rights violations should be tried and punished in the courts of law

d)

truth and reconciliation is rarely every reached

e)

conflict always ensues when the TRC applies practices in a state

87.

"violent conflict is satisfied by meeting the needs for access and building new institutions - formal and informal" which 2 people are associated with this statement?

a)

coser

b)

curle

c)

azar

d)

wallensteen

e)

lederach

88.

who believed that cultural variation is not relevant to conflict resolution?

a)

bouldin

b)

wallensteen

c)

zartman

d)

burton

89.

cultural variation is fundamentally significant in conflict resolution. who believed this?

a)

zartman

b)

wallensteen

c)

galtung

d)

lederach

e)

burton

90.

in which year did Somaliland declare its independence?

a)

1979

b)

1991

c)

1982

d)

1990

91.

who was somalia / somaliland 's colonial inheritance from?

a)

great britain

b)

italy

c)

germany

d)

france

92.

what happened after General Barre had to flee in 1991?

a)

he left behind other clans to mobilise against the north

b)

there was a degree of peace

c)

north somaliland experienced uprisings

d)

somalia quickly replaced him and chose to invade the north and suppress any uprisings

93.

in which year did somaliland declare its independence?

a)

1991

b)

1964

c)

1978

d)

1998

94.

does somaliland have its own currency, administration, president and elections taking place separate to somalia? even though it is legally not recognised by any nation in the world

a)

yes

b)

no

95.

a subset of constructivism where norms and values prescribe the cooperative behaviour of actors in contexts such as the international system and international orgs. they are long term sets of rules that help generate agreement and cooperation, not just short term ad hoc arrangements. this is:

a)

transnational measures of cooperation act

b)

regime ideology

c)

multinational constructivist theory

d)

international regime theory

96.

argues that international economic openness and stability is most likely when there is a single dominant state

a)

hegemonic stability theory

b)

international dominance theory

c)

international regime theory

d)

hegemonic dominance theory

97.

where there is a shared finite resource all individuals will act in self interest by maximising their own use of the resource, ultimately leading to its depletion and demise

a)

resource extraction dependency

b)

tragedy of the commons

c)

prisoners dilemma

d)

resource distribution theory

98.

a situation in which two players each have two options whose outcome depends crucially on the simultaneous choice made by the other

a)

prisoners dilemma

b)

double jeopardy theory

c)

dual dependency theory

d)

game theory

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