Benefits of Integrated Volt-VAR Optimization (IVVO): Minimizes energy losses, manages line voltage, especially with the presence of variable DER, reduces peak demand when needed through Conservation Voltage Regulation (CVR)

Benefits of Fault Location, Isolation and Service Restoration (FLISR); Faster service restoration time resulting to shorter customer downtime, significant improvement in reliability performance, minimizes energy losses

IEC 61580 substation set-up dominant worldwide standard of communications for substations.

Teleprotection Equipment are devices that transport Protection Relay Signals from one substation to another. The transmission of these relay signals is crucial in containing an electrical fault, thus preventing blackout / outages on the power grid.

Monitor and manage network operations and assets in real-time to address changing loads, generation, and outage events.

Integrated system of smart meters, communications infrastructure, and back-end systems.

Example of communications infrastructure

Channel bandwidth used by Telecomms Technologies supporting Distribution Automation.

A networking technology that enables very fast switching of data. Unlike other

networking technologies that route traffic based on source and destination addresses, routes traffic from one node to another based on predetermined “labels”