Personality traits are more evident in situations where an individual's behavior is subject to social norms and reward systems.

Employees who score higher on the big five factors, except neuroticism where they score lower, are the “ best” employees.

Phyllis, a manager at a firm, is conventional, resistant to change, and unimaginative. This implies that Phyllis has a high openness to experience personality.

Neuroticism is one of the three dark triad personality traits.

High-Mach individuals believe that deceit is a natural and acceptable way to achieve their goals.

According to Jung, the judging function—how people prefer making decisions based on what they have perceived—consists of two competing processes: thinking (T) and feeling (F).

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) extends Jung’s list of personality traits by also measuring Jung’s broader categories of perceiving and judging.

Values are stable, evaluative beliefs about what is important in a variety of situations.

People arrange values into a hierarchy of preferences called a value system.

Values tell us what we tend to do, while personality traits tell us what we ought to do.

Values directly motivate our actions by affecting the valence of different choices.

Utilitarianism suggests that we should choose the option that provides the highest degree of satisfaction to those affected.

Distributive justice suggests that all people, both similar and dissimilar, should receive the same benefits and burdens.

The individual rights principle of ethical decision making states that individual rights cannot conflict with another.

Moral intensity is a person’s ability to detect a moral dilemma and estimate its relative importance.

Individualism and collectivism are opposites, and the concepts are correlated.

People with high power distance are more likely to resolve problems through informal discussions.

Employees who value structured situations in which rules of conduct and decision making are clearly documented score high on uncertainty avoidance.

Highly collectivist people define themselves by their group memberships.