Removal and disposal of trees, snags, stumps, shrubs, bushes and other vegetative growth on site

Removal and disposal of trees, snags, stumps, shrubs, bushes and other vegetative growth on site

Branch of engineering mechanics that describes the behavior of soils.

Person who classifies the soil particle types by performing tests on disturbed samples of soil

A soil classification system used in engineering and geology to describe the texture and grain size of a soil

Layer of broken stones thrown together irregularly on an embarkment slope to prevent erosion

Cellular framework of squared steel, concrete or timber members, assembled in layers at right angles and filled with earth or stones

A type of gravity retaining wall formed by stacking modular, interlocking precast concrete units and filling the voids with crushed stone or gravel

Galvanized or PVC coated wire baskets filled with stones and stacked to form an abutment

A structure designed and constructed to resist the lateral pressure of soil when there is a desired change in ground elevation that exceeds the angle of repose of the soil

Retaining walls are also called ___

A masonry or concrete retaining wall that resists overturning and sliding by the sheer weight and volume of its mass.

Retaining wall that have thin vertical slabs, spaced at regular intervals equal to 1/2 the wall height

Foundation in building construction is also called __

Type of foundation that are employed when stable soil of adequate bearing capacity occurs relatively near to the ground surface

Type of foundation that are employed when the soil pressure underlying a foundation is unstable or of inadequate soil to transfer building loads to a more appropriate bearing stratum of rock or dense sands and gravel well below the superstructure

The lowest part of a shallow foundation. They are extended laterally to distribute their load over an area of soil wide enough that the allowable bearing capacity of the soil is not exceeded

Common Forms of Spread Footings

Type of Isolated Footing (The 3rd Figure)

A continuous or strip footing that changes levels in stages to accommodate a sloping site or bearing stratum and maintain the required depth at all points around a building with the center having the thickest part of the building

Type of combined footing where the column loads are assumed to be of unequal magnitude

It is a reinforced concrete beam supporting a bearing wall at or near the ground level and transferring the load to isolated footings, piers or piles.

A reinforced concrete footing connected by a tie beam to another footing in order to balance an asymmetrical imposed load, as at the perimeter of a building site; also called strap footing or connected footing

A composite structure of reinforced concrete slabs and basement walls serving as a mat foundation

A foundation used in yielding soil, having for its footing a raft placed deep enough that the weight of excavated soil is equal to or greater than the weight of the construction supported

Type of deep foundation use when the soil mass directly below the construction is not suitable or too weak to support the raft mat or any direct bearing of footings.

A long slender column of wood, steel, or reinforced concrete, driven or hammered vertically into earth to form part of a foundation system.

A footing-like member which joins the heads of a cluster of piles in order to distribute the load from a cluster of grade beam equally among the piles

A bulge cast or formed at the bottom of a cast-in-place concrete pile to enlarge its bearing area and strengthen the bearing stratum by compression

It is used to resist lateral pressure of the earth and to form a wall that is intended to be watertight.

Type of pile used in the image

This is used as foundation elements where high loads must be transferred to deep, load-bearing soil layers.

Which is a type of a Caisson

What type of pile is best use if it is desired to have a minimal disturbance and used in noise and environmentally sensitive sites

A pile often used for foundations in urbanized areas or in locations with restricted access and for underpinning or emergency repairs because they can be installed in virtually any ground condition with minimal vibration and disturbance to existing structures

A temporary enclosure in a river, lake, etc. to keep water from the enclosed area prior to the construction of a permanent structure