WorksheetsStudy Guide-Exam 2
Total questions: 58
Worksheet time: 33mins
What were Indian Wars?
A collective of 60 "battles"/ "murders" between the US government and Natives; typically happened when someone would go on land that didn't belong to them and then Native Americans and US gov. would fight because the Natives wouldn't leave
Indians were seen as a problem because they were taking up the land that the Americans wanted
Deliberate killing people who belong to a particular racial/political/ cultural group
They began to force them on reservations 1876-1830 when the general report was released so that they could expand westward and that when the fighting began
Previous to the Indian Wars, what had the relationship between the US government and the numerous Native Americans nations been?
Indians were seen as a problem because they were taking up the land that the Americans wanted
They began to force them onto reservations 1867-1830 when the general report was released so that they could expand westward; Native Americans are in their way
When someone would go on land that didn’t belong to them and then Native Americans and US gov. would fight b/c Natives won’t leave
Their land had ancestral and cultural significance and they no longer wanted to be a pushover
Why and when did the US government decide to force Native Americans to move to reservations?
They began to force them onto reservations 1867-1830 when the general report was released so that they could expand westward; Native Americans are in the way
Their land had ancestral and cultural significance and they no longer wanted to be a pushover
Now you really can’t be excluded but back then: Americanized Native Americans or Native Americans that fought for the US could be excluded
The deliberate killing of people who belong to a particular racial/political/cultural group
Why did some Native American groups decide to resist relocation to reservations?
Their land had ancestral and cultural significance and they no longer wanted to be a pushover; Many tribe leaders/Native Americans looked down on Americanization
Now you really can’t be excluded but back then: Americanized Native Americans or Native Americans that fought for the US could be excluded
Native Americans are not one group of people, they are many small individual groups
US army killed all the women, children and elders: this is the final fight b/w Lakota
Sioux and US army
What could Native Americans do to be excluded from being relocated to reservations?
Now you really can’t be excluded but back then: Americanized Native Americans or Native Americans that fought for the US could be excluded; You could escape to Canada
A systematic attempt to destroy a group of people
US army killed all the women, children and elders: this is the final fight b/w Lakota
Sioux and US army
To allow American government to divide Native American tribes and Americanize them
What is genocide?
The deliberate killing of people who belong to a particular racial/political/cultural group; A systematic attempt to destroy a group of people
Native Americans are not one group of people, they are many small individual groups
Last breath the Native Americans take: they’re the last tribe that put up a fight
Indian culture and population is wiped out
In what way is it inaccurate to say that the US government committed genocide when talking about Native Americans?
Native Americans are not one group of people, they are many small individual groups
There is no proof that there has ever been a government wide attempt to destroy Native Americans
US army killed all the women, children and elders: this is the final fight b/w Lakota
Sioux and US army
Last breath the Native Americans take: they’re the last tribe that put up a fight
In what way is it accurate to say that the US government committed genocide when talking about Native Americans?
There is no proof that there has ever been a government wide attempt to destroy Native Americans, however, there are proofs of certain Native American groups being targets of genocide
Native Americans are not one group of people, they are many small individual groups
US army killed all the women, children and elders: this is the final fight b/w Lakota
Sioux and US army
The deliberate killing of people who belong to a particular racial/political/ cultural group
What happened at the battle of Wounded Knee?
US army killed all the women, children and elders: this is the final fight b/w Lakota
Sioux and US army
Last breath the Native Americans take: they’re the last tribe that put up a fight
Everyone gave up
The Native Americans Won
Why is the battle of Wounded Knee known as the “last gasp” of the Indian war?
Last breath the Native Americans take: they’re the last tribe that put up a fight ;Everyone is giving up
US army killed all the women, children and elders: this is the final fight b/w Lakota
Sioux and US army
There is no proof that there has ever been a government wide attempt to destroy Native Americans
Their land had ancestral and cultural significance and they no longer wanted to be a pushover
Why was the Dawes Severalty Act passed?
To allow American government to divide Native American tribes and Americanize them; Forced them to learn English
Put the Native kids in boarding schools; Taught them about communal and private property
Forbid them from speaking their Native tongue
They could still speak their Native Tongue
What led to the disappearance of the buffalo?
Traditional Story: Buffalo are killed for sport and entertainment by soldiers on trains
Complete story: Buffalo population was already declining b/c cattle became their comp.
And temperatures began rising (global warming)
Traditional Story: Buffalo weren't needed and so they were chased off
Complete Story: Buffalo population was rising and they couldn't handle so many . They were being replaced by cattle instead
Why did it matter to Native Americans that the buffalo disappeared from the plains?
Native Americans used the buffalo for nearly everything: food, clothing, canteens, etc.; Some groups even had religious beliefs about it
Buffalo are killed for sport and entertainment by soldiers on trains
Buffalo population was already declining b/c cattle became their comp.
And temperatures began rising (global warming)
Cattle eats the same food as buffalo
What was the Ghost Dance movement?
Native American dance done by all groups that represented a prayer to God to bring justice: was so powerful that the US army told them to stop doing that dance
They did a dance with dead buffalo to bring back their sprit
The Native Americans did a dance for God to give them more food/protection
What did the 1890 census report say about the Western frontier?
Frontier is over and closed: no more land
It was time for the American Expansion
The Native Americans could stay their
That no American could cross over
What is the significance of the Indian wars?
Land is cleared and able for American expansion now; Indian culture and population is wiped out
when someone would go on land that didn’t belong to them and then Native Americans and US gov. would fight b/c Natives won’t leave
Indians were seen as a problem b/c they were taking up the land that the Americans wanted
They began to force them onto reservations 1867-1830 when the general report was released so that they could expand westward
What is meant by “survival of the fittest”?
Organisms that are able to best adapt to their environment were the most successful in
survival and reproduction: this idea was then applied to the way society worked; The strong survive and the weak don’t, it’s natural selection
a scientific literature by
Charles Darwin ; his response to it
Young and educated liberalists/ socialists
An economic and government system/model
Who coined this phrase?
Herbert Spencer
A president
The Native Americans
Thomas Jefferson
Where did this phrase come from?
Spencer’s scientific explanation of the “Origin of Species”, a scientific literature by
Charles Darwin ; his response to it
Young and educated liberalists/socialists: wrote the Paris Manuscripts
An economic and government system/model
Politicians have two options: join socialists and become just like everyone else or
they can be killed
What is meant by the Hegelian dialectic?
Thesis: the basic view
Antithesis: contradicts and tests the thesis and proves it wrong
Synthesis: Combo of thesis and antithesis is created; antithesis is recognized here
Another antithesis will be intro: this cycle continues for the rest of your life
- This was applied to our history and deemed to accurately describe how humans changed and developed over time
Thesis: contradicts and tests the thesis and proves it wrong
Antithesis: The basic view
Synthesis: this cycle continues for the rest of your life
Another antithesis will be intro: Combo of thesis and antithesis is created; antithesis is recognized here
Who were Marx and Engels?
- Young and educated liberalism/socialists: wrote the Paris Manuscripts
- Believed something came after capitalism and that would be socialism ; believed there
was more to life than just surviving and working off a subsistence wage
- Wanted to create a society where the value of a person wasn’t measured by their profits
but instead their growth as a person
Command economy: government decides what is produced, how much of it is produced,
etc. ; no more free market to ensure no competition or starvation
The rich/robber barons who do nothing and make the same money or more than the average
What is socialism?
The counter to capitalism ; comes after capitalism; An economic and government system/model
The deliberate killing of people who belong to a particular racial/political/cultural group; A systematic attempt to destroy a group of people
What does socialism call for?
True equality: everyone will dress the same, eat the same (food and amount), everyone
will work, there will be no private property so everyone owns the same amount of land
This also will stop the forming of robber barons and monopolies; People must be the gov.
Command economy: government decides what is produced, how much of it is produced,
etc. ; no more free market to ensure no competition or starvation
Socialism calls for the unequality of the people.
What is the point of socialism?
- True freedom that is only possible by complete equality
- With complete equality everyone will be taken care of, no more robber
barons/monopolies, no starvation, no competition (which also means no
corruption)
- Value will be measured by personal growth rather than the profits we make
True equality: everyone will dress the same, eat the same (food and amount), everyone
will work, there will be no private property so everyone owns the same amount of land
Command economy: government decides what is produced, how much of it is produced,
etc. ; no more free market to ensure no competition or starvation
For Marx and Engels, who are the bourgeois?
The rich/robber barons who do nothing and make the same money or more than the average
The worker/average man: must be the ones to challenge the Bourgeoisie and end
capitalism
For Marx and Engels, who were the proletariat?
The worker/average man: must be the ones to challenge the Bourgeoisie and end
capitalism
The rich/robber barons who do nothing and make the same money or more than the average
How is the socialist revolution supposed to be achieved?
- Through violence ; the people need to be the government
- Get rid of politics: politicians are corrupt or will be once they gain power so the solution for that is getting rid of them
- Those who want religion need to be killed b/c Christianity teaches inequality and indifference to suffering
- Proletariat need to rise up and take over the industries
- Politicians have two options: join socialists and become just like everyone else or
they can be killed
- Government will be chosen monthly/yearly so that they'll be more inclined to care about
what the people want ; even if they want to do something bad/corrupt they won’t have
enough time to
- things can be better and capitalism is not the height of the humans: we can be better - They justified this with Hegel’s theory to history: the Hegelian Dialectic
How did Marx and Engels argue that they knew there was some new way of human organization or society after the "bourgeois democracy"?
B/c things can be better and capitalism is not the height of the humans: we can be better - They justified this with Hegel’s theory to history: the Hegelian Dialectic
The worker/average man: must be the ones to challenge the Bourgeoisie and end
capitalism
The rich/robber barons who do nothing and make the same money or more than the average
Proletariat need to rise up and take over the industries
Who could the small farmer turn to for help during the Gilded Age?
No one ; they only had themselves to turn to
The Government
The Politics
The Natives
What was the role of government when it came to these small farmers?
Basically nothing, they did nothing for them; they’re only doing things that are harmful towards the farmers; In the eyes of the farmers: gov. is responsible for their problems
Telling them what to do and how
what they could and couldn’t plant
Helping them in every way they could
What was the small farmer hurting for during the Gilded Age? (reasons they were struggling)
Can’t compete with the mechanized farming: can’t buy new machinery and can’t transport goods
Being pushed out of the market: high tariffs applied by US leads to several EU countries also putting tariffs on farmed goods
If these countries were the only place that these small farmers could compete or the only place these products would sell, then these farmers can no longer create income through these products
Many take loans: money is backed by gold so as gold value went up, so did their debt amount; Value of farm goods driven down by overproduction with all these farmers trying to sell more to pay off their debt
None
Why were the small farmers upset?
Their importance was often forgotten: everything depends on them but they’re mistreated; Prices of crops falling, hard to ship things, tariffs, etc.
They were never upset because the government helped them in everything
They were never forgotten but they would always do everything
Who were the farmers upset at?
The government for not doing anything and only helping the robber barons
Robber barons for not doing anything and only helping the government
The Indians
Why did the small farmer believe he was being treated unfairly?
Everything depends on the small farmer but he was still the one being stepped on:
merchant products come from farmers, military food sources come from farmer, etc. 7.
They just wanted everything for themselves.
They were never treated unfairly
How did the farmers organize in some meaningful way to better their lives?
The National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry (the Grange)
The Governmnet
The Rubber Barands
What was the Grange?
Buildings established by gov. for small farmers to congregate and learn more about farming: they saw how the farmers out west were lonely and miserable
The ones that was making them doing all the work and treating them bad
They tried to help the indians
What were Farmer’s Alliances?
More political groups developed separately by the Grange; political version of the Grange
Buildings established by gov. for small farmers to congregate and learn more about farming: they saw how the farmers out west were lonely and miserable
Threatened by the slightest chance that Populists may win so they spent thousands of $ on campaigning and backed the Republicans ; Democrats were also
What did the Farmer’s Alliances want?
Mainly wanted a change in gov.: began running independent candidates that focused
solely on farming with no ties to other corporations
Buildings established by gov. for small farmers to congregate and learn more about
A party built for them, by them: mine workers, farmers, railroad workers, industrial
What types of successes did the Farmers' alliances have?
Became a national rather than regional group after their first few electoral victories in Colorado
Many people who could have made a difference such as mine workers, railroad workers
The didn't have any
Helping the Farmers
Why were the Farmer’s Alliances not successful?
Many people who could have made a difference such as mine workers, railroad workers, etc. were excluded from this alliance, leading to the development of the Populist party
Became a national rather than regional group after their first few electoral victories in Colorado
Not helping the farmers
What is the difference between the Farmer's Alliances and the Grange?
Grange focused on local problems rather than political problems
Farmer's Alliances focused on local problem rather than political problems
Who were the Populists?
The People’s party: consisted of the working class; A party built for them, by them: mine workers, farmers, railroad workers, industrial workers, etc.
More political groups developed separately by the Grange; political version of the Grange
Buildings established by gov. for small farmers to congregate and learn more about farming: they saw how the farmers out west were lonely and miserable
What did the Populists represent or want?
Wanted 3 main things: money, land, transportation; Loans through fed. gov., no priv. banks that scam
Land for farming and transportation for livestock and produce that they can afford; Represented the people’s wants and needs
Became a national rather than regional group after their first few electoral victories in Colorado
Buildings established by gov. for small farmers to congregate and learn more about farming: they saw how the farmers out west were lonely and miserable
Why did the Populist Party/People's Party emerge?
Emerged with the realization that it wasn’t only the farmers that were being screwed over; Nobody was representing the people’s interests so they needed to represent themselves ; Land is only going into the hands of a select few
Country is in ruins, Americans have been demoralized, and everything’s been corrupted (politics, voting, Congress, Senate, Supreme Court, etc.); Gov. Only creates millionaires or tramps
The People wanted to be part of the Populist party
What problems did the populists face?
Needed to bring together an incredibly diverse group of people: N republicans and S democrats, urban and industrial workers, black and white, East and West; talk about corporate money and funding campaigns
- Practically impossible: N & S still have strong feelings b/c of the civil war, AF AM were just backstabbed in 1877 (Mississippi Plan and Jim Crow Laws also prevented them from voting anyway), etc.
People were always fighting and never getting along
They didn't trust anybody
Why did the populist party fail?
Corporations were against these populists: the mere idea that the populists have a chance of beating them leads to the corporations spending thousands of dollars to fund the other side’s campaign
Was also bound to fail and be swallowed by one of the two parties ; the side they attempted to join (the Democrats) were being funded by corporations and robber barons as well, unbeknownst to them
They party never failed; they were a success
What was the role of corporations in the election of 1896?
Corporations were threatened by the slightest chance that Populists may win so they
spent thousands of $ on campaigning and backed the Republicans ; Democrats were also backed by robber barons though and they were financing that campaign
Republicans were backed by robber barons though and they were financing that campaign
AF AM kept under control in S, Indians driven off their land, no unions or protests in the workplace (stopped by strikebreakers, Pinkerton, and gov.)
US belongs to the white man, gov. will always stand behind the big corporations; Class resentment: us vs. the elite
What did things look like for the American people at the end of the 19th century?
AF AM kept under control in S, Indians driven off their land, no unions or protests in the workplace (stopped by strikebreakers, Pinkerton, and gov.); US belongs to the white man, gov. will always stand behind the big corporations; Class resentment: us vs. the elite
Anger will be maneuvered to benefit the gov.
It is funneled, deflected: US will begin fighting other countries
What happened to the frustration and anger felt by the people after the election of 1896?
It is funneled, deflected: US will begin fighting other countries; Anger will be maneuvered to benefit the gov.
It went away for a while since the government was really helpful
They were never angry
They were very happy
How is the "survival of the fittest" related to the Gilded Age and the experience of Americans during the 19th century?
Americans saw this phrase as the norm and way of life
Americans saw this phrase of unnatural
Americans saw this phrase as unknown to them
In what way is socialism a response to the capitalist industrialist societies that existed during the times of Marx and Engels?
Responds to the problem of inequality: while capitalism was ruled by a gov. w/o the people’s best interests in mind, socialism would have the people’s best interests in mind
Wanted to create a society where the value of a person wasn’t measured by their profits
but instead their growth as a person
An economic and government system/model
How is socialism related to the end of the Gilded Age?
Socialism calls for the opposite of what was built during the Gilded Ages
True equality
Command economy
The economy
What is the purpose of instituting a socialist government, according to Marx and Engels?
To get rid of want, greed, competition, and anything else that Marx and Engel saw as a roadblock to freedom; Socialist government is the best way to get to a socialist utopia- or as close as you could
Would free humanity from corruption, competition, etc. so that we can live to our full
potential and spend the extra time we get working on ourselves
Socialist model of government makes equality and liberty more possible b/c of the control it gives to the “people”
In what way did Marx and Engels argue that socialism would free humanity?
Would free humanity from corruption, competition, etc. so that we can live to our full potential and spend the extra time we get working on ourselves; Would mainly free us from want/materialism and the worry of making ends meet
Would free humanity from the Socialist model of government makes equality and liberty more possible b/c of the control it gives to the “people”
Would free humanity from the value measured by growth of a person rather than the profit they bring home
Socialism is both an economic and government model ; also gives all power to
government
According to Marx and Engels, in what way is the socialist model of government more conducive to equality and liberty?
Socialist model of government makes equality and liberty more possible b/c of the control it gives to the “people”
Freedom and equality come together and since a socialist country automatically calls for liberty, equality also comes with it
Value measured by growth of a person rather than the profit they bring home
Socialism model is both an economic and government model ; also gives all power to
government
In what way was socialism going to be distinct from the capitalist industrialist countries?
Socialism is both an economic and government model ; also gives all power to
government; People gain freedom but also lose a lot
Value measured by growth of a person rather than the profit they bring home
Freedom and equality come together and since a socialist country automatically calls for liberty, equality also comes with it
Socialist model of government makes equality and liberty more possible b/c of the control it gives to the “people”
What are the things that Marx and Engel's socialism was supposed to free humans of?
Competition, religion, materialism, corruption, a fake individuality(expressing yourself through what you wear and buy), injustice, starvation, the dollar, the basic wants and
needs
From our selfselves
Violence
Nothing
How was one going to be freed of the things that Marx and Engel's socialism?
Through violence that needed to constantly be reinforced
Through compasion that needed to be constantly
Through nothing
Sleeping
