the study of improving the qualities of the human species by discouraging reproduction by persons having genetic defects or presumed to have inheritable undesirable traits.

African American leader from 1919 to 1926 who urged African Americans to return to their "motherland" of Africa; provided early inspiration for "black pride" movements.

collection of New York City music publishers and songwriters who dominated the popular music of the United States in the late 19th century and early 20th century.

(1910-1930) movement of about 1.6 million African Americans, who left mostly rural areas to migrate to northern and Midwestern industrial cities.

Makeshift shelters of the homeless during the early years of the Great Depression.

Group of World War I veterans and their families who in 1932 protested in Washington, D.C., to receive their pensions early.

Period at the start of Franklin Roosevelt's presidency in 1933, when Congress passed many New Deal programs.

Program where the government insured bank deposits for up to $5000

currency that derives its value from government regulation or law and is not backed by Gold or Silver.

Louisiana politician in 1930s; suggested the "Share Our Wealth" program that called for the redistribution of large fortunes by means of grants to families; assassinated in 1935.

Gave the unemployed work in building construction and arts programs

nickname given to The 1st American Volunteer Group of pilots who protected China from invasion by the Japanese in WWII.

the first African-American military aviators in the United States armed forces, served during World War II

a fixed allowance of provisions or food, especially for soldiers or for civilians during a shortage or time of War.

civilian gardens which helped to ration canned goods for American soldiers during WWI and WWII.

coordinated the release of war news for domestic use, promote patriotism, warn of foreign spies and attempted to recruit women into war work.

1941 law that authorized the President to provide aid to any nation whose defense he believed was vital to American security. Allowed the U.S. to send weapons to Britain during the early years of WWII.

1945 meeting between Churchill, Stalin, and Roosevelt in which the leaders discussed plans for the post-war world and Stalin promised to allow free elections in Eastern Europe. The breaking of this promise led in part to the Cold War.

currency that derives its value from governmental promise to back that money with its equivalent value in gold.

1945 meeting between Churchill, Stalin, and Roosevelt in which the leaders discussed plans for the post-war world and Stalin promised to allow free elections in Eastern Europe. The breaking of this promise led in part to the Cold War.

Secret American program during World War II to develop an atomic bomb

Presidential order that called for the internment of Japanese-Americans who were considered to security risks by military leaders.

Supreme Court decisions that justified the internment of Japanese-American during World War II.

best known for his leadership as an American general during World War II, he also developed a reputation for a sometimes-controversial gruff outspokenness.

the 34th President of the United States from 1953 until 1961 and a five-star general in the United States Army during World War II.

a senior U.S. Army field commander in North Africa and Europe during World War II; command of all U.S. ground forces invading Germany from the west.

Murder of nearly 10,000 American and Filipino prisoners of war by Japan during World War II.

use of Navajo by the United States Marine Corps at the beginning of World War II to transport and translate messages in their native language.

Winston Churchill's term for the extension of Communist control over Eastern Europe.

1947 declaration that stated that the United States would militarily support nations that were being threatened by communism. Created initially to stem the

American policy of resisting further expansion of communism around the world.

the United States gave monetary support to help rebuild European economies after the end of World War II in order to prevent the spread of Soviet communism

response to a soviet blockade of allied controlled sections of Berlin, successfully brought food and medical supplies to allied controlled areas of Berlin.

Congressional committee that investigated Communist influence in the United States in the 1940's and 1950's.

The "witch hunt" for communists in the United States government during the 1950s

a secret collaboration of the United States and United Kingdom intelligence agencies involving decoding messages sent by the Soviet Union, the majority during World War II.

Policy of using the threat of nuclear war in order to protect national interests

First artificial satellite to orbit Earth, launched by the Soviet Union in 1957. The U.S. responded by creating NASA and the National Defense Education Act.

lawyer, civil rights activist and first African American justice appointed to the Supreme Court

the encouragement of increased representation of women and minority-group members, especially in employment.

Law passed in 1944 that helped returning WWII veterans buy homes and pay for college

Group highlighted by writers and artists who stressed spontaneity and spirituality instead of apathy and conformity.

1947 law that allowed the President to order striking workers in some industries back to work. Also called for union members to sign a statement saying they were not members of the Communist Party.

1954 case in which the Supreme Court outlawed racial segregation in public schools. Reversed Plessey v. Ferguson.

President Lyndon Johnson's proposals to aid public education, provide medical care for the elderly, and eliminate poverty.

1962 crisis that arose between the United States and the Soviet Union over a Soviet attempt to deploy nuclear missiles 90 miles off the coast of Florida

Federal program established to send volunteers to help developing nations around the world.

American Senator often credited for sparking the resurgence of the American conservative political movement in the 1960s

Civil rights organization formed in 1957 by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., and other leaders.

Student civil rights organization founded in 1960.

In 1964, leaders of the major civil rights groups organized a voter registration drive in Mississippi.

African American civil rights leader during 1950s and 1960s; spoke for using all means of resistance, including violence; assassinated in 1965.

African American movement seeking unity and self-reliance. Struck fear into some Americans who saw this movement as advocating only violence.

1973 Supreme Court decision that legalized abortion

Latino leader from 1962 to his death in 1993; organized the United Farm Workers (UFW) to help migratory farm workers gain better working conditions and higher pay.

A labor leader and civil rights activist who, along with César Chávez, co-founded the National Farmworkers Association.

Organization formed in 1968 to help Native Americans.

Government organization formed in 1970 to deal with issues such as air and water pollution.

Leader of the Communist party in Indochina after World War II; led Vietnamese against the French, then North Vietnamese against the United States in the Vietnam War.

Leader of South Vietnam, 1954-1963; supported by United States, but not by Vietnamese Buddhist majority; assassinated in 1963.

1964 congressional resolution authorizing President Johnson to take any military action he felt necessary in Vietnam.

1968 attack by Viet Cong and North Vietnamese forces throughout South Vietnam. The North lost all battles and had enormous casualties, but the effect was to turn American public opinion against the war.

Killing of several hundred Vietnamese villagers by American soldiers in 1968. Demonstrated the brutalities and difficulties faced by American troops in Vietnam

Secret government study of United States involvement in the Vietnam War, made public in 1971 by Daniel Ellsburg.

a political term most frequently used to describe public skepticism about the Lyndon B. Johnson administration's statements and policies on the Vietnam War.

President Nixon's policy of replacing American military forces with those of South Vietnam in an attempt to lessen the American role in Vietnam.

1973 law limiting the President's power to send American troops abroad.

Scandal involving illegal activities that ultimately led to the resignation of President Nixon in 1974.