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WorksheetsChemistry of Hydrocarbon
Total questions: 166
Worksheet time: 2hrs 55mins
Organic chemistry involves compounds containing (a)
Alkenes are different to alkanes because they contain a ____________ ____________
(a)
Name the two products of complete combustion of a hydrocarbon
(a)
What is the name of the alkane shown here?
Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane
Give the IUPAC name for this compound
3-methyl-4-ethylhexane
3-ethyl-4-methylhexane
3-methyl-4-ethylheptane
3-ethyl-4-methylheptane
Which step is this in the synthesis of chloroalkanes?
Termination
Initiation
Propagation
Position
This is a region about the nucleus where the probability of finding the electrons is very high
Pi bond
Atomic orbital
Sigma bond
Hybrid orbital
What is a hydrocarbon?
Compounds made of carbon, oxygen and nitrogen.
Compounds made of carbon, oxygen and phosphorus
Compounds made only of carbon and hydrogen
In order to show how the atoms are connected, structural formulas such as __________ , __________ and _________ structures are used.
expanded, condensed, skeletal
expanded, condensed, molecular
hydrocarbon, expanded, skeletal
molecular, condensed, skeletal
Tertiary hydrogen connected to __________ carbon.
tertiary
primary
secondary
quarternary
The alkanes are a homologous series.
What is the general formula of the alkanes?
n carbon atoms, 2n hydrogen atoms
2n carbon atoms, n hydrogen atoms
n carbon atoms, n+2 hydrogen atoms
n carbon atoms, 2n+2 hydrogen atoms
Complete the formula for this alkene C (a) H18
Which bond is weaker and is more prone to chemical attacks?
Pi bond
Sigma bond
Isomers are molecules that have the _________molecular formula (contain the same number of atoms) but ______ structurally (having different arrangement of the atoms in space).
differ, differ
same, differ
same, same
differ, same
____________ groups are atoms, groups of atoms or bond that determine the characteristic of an organic compound.
Aliphatic
Aromatic
Functional
Hydrocarbon
Which substances can be produced from crude oil?
Metal alloys and glass
Glass and concrete
Limestone and steel
Kerosene and polymers
Complete the formula of this alkane C26H (a)
Compounds with different functional group but similar molecular formula can have _____________ group isomers.
chain
position
functional
optical
Which type of hydrocarbon is shown above?
Alkane
Alkene
Alkyne
None of the above
Which hydrocarbons will make bromine water clear?
C2H6
C4H8
C12H24
C7H16
Why can carbon combine with itself to make substances that have very different properties? (ex. graphite and diamond).
Because of carbon's 4 valence electrons it can form a variety of bonds with other carbons.
Because carbon is polar it can combine in a variety of ways.
Because carbon will either give or take 4 electrons so it can form various substances
Because carbon forms cations it combines in various ways.
Which type of hydrocarbon is shown above?
Alkane
Alkene
Alkyne
None of the above
Is the chemistry of carbon.
Inorganic Chemistry
Organic Chemistry
Analytical Chemistry
Biochemistry
What type of hydrocarbon is shown above?
Alkane
Alkene
Alkyne
None of the above
Incomplete combustion occurs when there is not enough (a)
Only _________ molecules have optical isomers.
achiral
chiral
hybrid
hydrocarbon
How many carbon atoms are in propane?
1
2
3
4
Alkane molecules are made of which elements?
Carbon and hydrogen
Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
Carbon and oxygen
Carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen
All molecules of the alkane homologous series have which ending in their name?
-ane
-ene
-anol
-anoic acid
As the number of carbons in an alkane the boiling point (a)
Alkanes are also known as
Olefines
Paraffins
Oil
____________ groups are atoms, groups of atoms or bond that determine the characteristic of an organic compound.
Aliphatic
Aromatic
Functional
Hydrocarbon
What happens to the viscosity of hydrocarbons as the length of the molecule increases?
Longer hydrocarbons are more viscous
All hydrocarbons have the same viscosity
Hydrocarbons aren’t viscous
Shorter hydrocarbons are more viscous
What is it about coal that can make it a contributing factor to acid rain?
If the coal is burned at a high temperature, acid rain could form.
If the coal contains too much hydrogen, acid rain could occur.
If the coal isn't mined correctly, it could cause acid rain when burned.
If the coal contains too much nitrogen or sulfur, acid rain could occur.
Complete the formula for this alkane C13H (a)
Hydrocarbons that contain a delocalized ring of π-bonds such as benzene ring are called ___________ hydrocarbons.
aromatic
aliphatic
organic
cyclo
What is the name of the double bonded compounds, which are unsaturated?
Alkanes,
Alkenes.
Alkynes
Alkones
Hydrocarbons with shorter carbon chains are more flammable.
What does this make them useful for?
Lubricants
Fuels
Plastics
Feedstock
Which is the best description of fractional distillation?
Breaking down longer hydrocarbon chains into smaller ones that are more useful
Separating the hydrocarbons in crude oil into fractions, with each fraction containing molecules with a similar number of carbon atoms
Pumping crude oil out from under the sea
Ensuring resources are used to meet the needs of current generations without compromising the needs of future generations
Name this hydrocarbon
(a)
There is no ___________ hydrogen due to limited bonding of carbon atom to just four.
primary
secondary
quaternary
tertiary
Which statement is correct?
All organic compounds contain carbon
All organic compounds contain hydrogen
In organic chemistry, molecular and ____________ formulas were used to express what a particular molecule consists of.
structural
organic
chemical
physical
C3H8
As the number of carbons in an alkane the combustibility (a)
What is a hydrocarbon?
A compound composed of carbon and water
A compound composed of carbon and hydrogen
A compound composed of carbon and oxygen
A compound composed of carbon and nitrogen
What chemical reaction is this?
Photosynthesis
Cellular respiration
Enzyme production
Vitamin synthesis
Which two elements do all organic compounds contain?
Carbon and hydrogen
Carbon and oxygen
Oxygen and hydrogen
Carbon and nitrogen
What happens to carbon and hydrogen during combustion reactions?
They are reduced
They are oxidised
They are cracked
They are distilled
Name the smallest alkene
(a)
The structure of graphite is most like which of the following?
A soccer ball
A cardboard box
A sheet of paper
A glass of water
Why is methane used as a fuel?
It burns and releases energy (Exothermic reaction)
It is a gas
It is odourless
It has a low boiling point
__________ series is a series of compounds with same functional group differing from the successive member by CH2.
Heterologous
Homologous
Hydrocarbon
Group
Aliphatic hydrocarbons consist only single bonds, and so are called ____________ hydrocarbons.
unsaturated
saturated
aromatic
chain
Name the alkane with 4 carbons
(a)
What is the name of the triple bonded compounds which are unsaturated?
Alkanes
Alkenes
Alkynes
Alkones
Three types of constitutional isomers are _______ isomers, _________ isomers and ___________ isomers.
chain, position, functional group
chain, optical, functional group
stereoisomers, position, functional group
chain, position, enantiomers
The prefix ET is used for
2 carbons
1 carbon
6 carbons
Carbon has a valency of +4 because of its
sp3 hybridization
sp2 hybridization
sp hybridization
How many carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms are there in propane?
2 carbon atoms, 6 hydrogen atoms
4 carbon atoms, 8 hydrogen atoms
3 carbon atoms, 8 hydrogen atoms
3 carbon atoms, 6 hydrogen atoms
Which of the following is a flammable solid that can be used as a fuel for electricity generation or heating?
Methane
Petroleum
Natural gas
Coal
Crude oil is finite because we use it before more can be formed.
How was crude oil formed?
From the remains of an ancient biomass, consisting mainly of plankton, that was buried in mud
Mostly from the remains of dinosaur bones
By fractional distillation
By cracking
What is the first stage in the fractional distillation of crude oil?
Heating, to vaporise the hydrocarbons
Heating, to make it a hot liquid
Cooling it
Separating the fractions
The prefix PROP is used for
2 carbons
3 carbons
4 carbons
The prefix BUT is used for
4 carbons
5 carbons
2 carbons
Which is the correct general formula for the alkanes?
CnH2n+2
CnH2n
CnH2n+1OH
CnH2n+1COOH
What is the name of the alkane with two carbon atoms?
Ethane
Methane
Butane
Propane
Organic chemistry is the study of
compounds that carbon can make, in all its forms
compounds of living beings
mineral compounds
Which of the following hydrocarbons contains only single bonds?
Alkanes
Alkenes
Alkynes
Aliphatic hydrocarbons consist only single bonds, and so are called ____________ hydrocarbons.
unsaturated
saturated
aromatic
chain
Two main types of isomers are the __________ (structural) isomers and ____________.
stereoisomers, optical
constitutional, optical
constitutional, stereoisomers
enantiomers, stereoisomers
Carbon atoms can be classified by the _____________ of other carbon atoms that are directly attached to it.
number
type
structure
isomer
What happens to the boiling point and flammability of hydrocarbons as the length of the molecules increases?
Longer hydrocarbons have lower boiling points and are less flammable
Longer hydrocarbons have higher boiling points and are more flammable
Longer hydrocarbons have lower boiling points and are more flammable
Longer hydrocarbons have higher boiling points and are less flammable
The carbon atom with the four different groups attached which causes the lack of symmetry is described as a _________ centre.
chiral
achiral
carbon
atom
Name this molecule
C3H6
Propane
Propene
Butene
Butane
Put the two processes used in fractional distillation in the correct order.
Evaporating and then melting
Evaporating and then condensing
Condensing and then evaporating
Melting and then condensing
Cellulose is made of glucopyranose subunits that are repeated hundreds of times. Knowing this about the structure of cellulose, it is most likely a(n)...
Alkane
Petroleum product
Polymer
Straight carbon chain
According to their carbon chain, hydrocarbons can be classified in:
high and low hydrocarbons
single, double and triple bonded hydrocarbons
linear, branched and cyclic hydrocarbons
What the name of the single bond compounds that formed saturated hydrocarbons?
Alkanes
Alkenes
Alkynes
Alkones
Carbon is a very versatile element because
it has a low atomic and mass number
it can bond with almost all elements including itself
it has a valency of +4
_____________ isomers occur when the types, number and bonds (connectivity) of the atoms are the same, but have a restricted rotation somewhere in a molecule. The common example is the double bond.
Optical
Chain
Geometric
Position
This is an example of a
single-bonded hydrocarbon
double-bonded hydrocarbon
triple-bonded hydrocarbon
Which of the following hydrocarbons contains at least one double bond?
Alkanes
Alkenes
Alkynes
Give IUPAC nomenclature for this compound
2,7-dimethyl-5-ethyloctane
5-ethyl-2,7-dimethyloctane
2,7-dimethyl-3-ethyloctane
4-ethyl-2,7-dimethyloctane
What chemicals are found in crude oil?
Methane only
A mixture of compounds, which are mostly hydrocarbons
A mixture of elements
Carbon only
What property allows us to separate hydrocarbons during fractional distillation?
Different hydrocarbons have different boiling points
Different hydrocarbons have different melting points
Different hydrocarbons are different colours
Some hydrocarbons have a positive charge and others have a negative charge
This type of bond allows free rotation of the parts of the molecule with respect to each other
Sigma bond
Pi bond
Covalent bond
Electron bond
Organic compounds made only of the elements carbon and hydrogen are called...
Hydrocarbons
Carbohydrogens
Carbohydrates
Hydrocarbonates
What compounds are produced in the complete combustion of hydrocarbons?
Carbon dioxide and water
Carbon monoxide and water
Carbon dioxide and nitrogen
Water and nitrogen
Why, in terms of column temperature, do the fractions condense at different levels in the fractionating column?
The column is hotter at the bottom and cooler at the top
The column is cooler at the bottom and hotter at the top
All the column is at the same temperature
The column has a hotter section halfway up
Two ______________ are non-superimposable mirror image of one another (chiral).
enantiomer
isomer
non-enantiomer
geometric
__________ structural formula are written without showing all the individual bonds. In a condensed structure, each central atom is shown together with the atoms that are bonded to it
Molecular
Condensed
Expanded
Skeletal
What is the definition of a hydrocarbon?
A compound made of hydrogen and carbon only
A compound that includes hydrogen or carbon
A mixture that includes hydrogen and carbon
A mixture of hydrogen and carbon only
How many carbon atoms are in propane?
1
2
3
4
Which type of bonding is present within organic molecules?
Covalent bond
Ionic bond
Metallic bond
Hydrogen bond
For alkanes, only ________ isomers is possible.
functional group
chain
position
optical
This is an example of a
Linear hydrocarbon
Branched hydrocarbon
Cyclic hydrocarbon
Which of the following hydrocarbons contains at least one triple bond?
Alkanes
Alkenes
Alkynes
What is the name of the process in which one orbital "S" and three orbitals "P" combined to form new orbitals?
Combining
Joining
Hybridization
Hydrozation
To test for alkenes we can add a hydrocarbon to ________________ water
flourine
chlorine
bromine
iodine
What chemical reaction is this?
Photosynthesis
Cellular respiration
Enzyme production
Vitamin synthesis
Which is the structures with IUPAC nomenclature
2,2,4-trimethylpentane
Which correctly represents an incomplete combustion of pentane?
C5H12 + 8O2 ⟶ 5CO2 + 6H2O
C5H12 + 8O2 ⟶ 4CO + CO2 + 6H2O
C5H12 + 6O2 ⟶ 4CO + CO2 + 6H2O
C5H12 + 5O2 ⟶ 4CO + CO2 + 4H2O + 2H2
Which of the following has the highest boiling point?
heptane
pentane
nonane
How many chemical bonds can each carbon atom form?
1
2
3
4
In organic chemistry, commas separate....
numbers
names from numbers
Which of the following statements concerning the reaction of methane with bromine is/are correct?
(1) It is an addition reaction.
(2) It is a substitution reaction.
(3) A similar reaction will occur if propane is used instead of methane.
(1) only
(2) only
(1) and (3) only
(2) and (3) only
Which equation represents a termination step?
The boiling points of alkane molecules increase as their molecular sizes increase.
True
False
The word polymer is derived from ________
Latin
Greek
French
Hebrew
What is the classification of polymer based on monomer chain
Linear, branched , crosslinked
Homomer, co-polymer
Thermosetting, thermoplastic,elastomers
Natural, synthetic
What are the classification of polymer based on molecular forces
Homomer, co-polymer
Thermosetting, thermoplastic, elastomers
Addition condensation
Linear , branched, crosslinked
Which of the following is a flammable solid that can be used as a fuel for electricity generation or heating?
Methane
Petroleum
Natural gas
Coal
What is this process called?
Distillation
Fractional Distillation
Reverse Distillation
Destructive Distillation
What property allows us to separate hydrocarbons during fractional distillation?
Different hydrocarbons have different boiling points
Different hydrocarbons have different melting points
Different hydrocarbons are different colours
Some hydrocarbons have a positive charge and others have a negative charge
This process is based of the fact that all compounds being separated have
A boiling point
Same boiling points
Different boiling points
No boiling points
What chemicals are found in crude oil?
Methane only
A mixture of compounds, which are mostly hydrocarbons
A mixture of elements
Carbon only
What can you tell about methane (CH4) from its molecular formula?
It contains four carbon atoms.
It contains one hydrogen atom.
It contains four hydrogen atoms.
It forms groups of four molecules.
