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Physiology Midterm Review

Total questions: 60

Worksheet time: 30mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Hormone that promotes bone deposition

a)

aldosterone

b)

parathyroid hormone

c)

calcitonin

d)

A, B

2.

Refers to changes in physical and functional properties of cells as they proliferate in the embryo to form the different bodily structures and organs.

a)

Cell Differentiation

b)

Biodiversity

c)

Telomeres

d)

Senescent

3.

Programmed Cell Death

a)

Apoptosis

b)

Phagocytosis

c)

Pinocytosis

d)

Endocytosis

4.

Which thin filament protein bind to Ca during muscle contraction?

a)

Actin

b)

Myosin

c)

Troponin

d)

Tropomyosin

5.

Click all that apply. Which of these make up a motor unit?

a)

Motor neuron

b)

Motor fiber

c)

Muscle

d)

Nerve

6.

Which muscle characteristic allows the muscle to return to resting length after contraction?

a)

Contractility

b)

Excitability

c)

Extensibility

d)

Tension

7.

What is the name of the plasma membrane surrounding each muscle fiber?

a)

T Tubule

b)

Sarcolemma

c)

Sarcoplasm

d)

Nucleus

8.

What is the contractile unit of the muscle?

a)

Z disk

b)

Sarcomere

c)

Muscle fiber

d)

Muscle cell

9.

What protein makes up the thick filaments?

a)

Troponin

b)

Tropomyosin

c)

Myosin

d)

Actin

10.

What is the name of the location where the neuron and muscle fiber meet?

a)

Sarcoplasm

b)

Sacolemma

c)

Neuromuscular junction

d)

Axon terminal

11.

What is the name of the neurotransmitter that is released from the neuron to the sarcolemma?

a)

Acetylcholine

b)

Acetone

c)

ATP

d)

Calcium

12.

Which of these occurs first during a muscle contraction?

a)

The nerve signal reaches the neuromuscular junction

b)

Ach is released and opens Na ion channels

c)

The sarcomere shortens

d)

The myosin binds to the actin

13.

Which of these occurs last during a muscle contraction?

a)

The nerve signal reaches the neuromuscular junction

b)

Ach is released and opens Na ion channels

c)

The sarcomere shortens

d)

The myosin binds to the actin

14.

Produce red blood cells

a)

Periosteum

b)

Red Bone Marrow

c)

Medullary Cavity

d)

Compact Bone

e)

Epiphyseal plate

15.

Covers the external surface of the epiphyses and decreases friction at joint surfaces

a)

Periosteum

b)

Red Bone Marrow

c)

Medullary Cavity

d)

Articular Cartilage

e)

Epiphyseal plate

16.

Causes lengthwise growth of a long bone

a)

Periosteum

b)

Red Bone Marrow

c)

Medullary Cavity

d)

Compact bone

e)

Epiphyseal plate

17.

Separates the Nucleus from the Cytoplasm

a)

Nuclear Sheath

b)

Nucleoli

c)

Nuclear Membrane

d)

Nuclear Folder

18.

The jelly-like fluid portion of the cytoplasm

a)

Cytosol

b)

Endoplasmic Reticulum

c)

Nucleolus

d)

Sarcoplasm

19.

Powerhouse of the cell

a)

Mitochondria

b)

Golgi Apparatus

c)

Nucleus

d)

Plasma Membrane

20.

ATP is a nucleotide composed of (1) the nitrogenous base adenine, (2) the pentose sugar ribose, and (3) ___ phos­phate radicals.

a)

2

b)

3

c)

4

d)

1

21.

Energy Currency of the Cell

a)

ATP

b)

ADP

c)

Mitochondria

d)

Glycogen

22.

The enzyme cholinesterase causes acetylcholine to

a)

be secreted from the motor end plate.

b)

form cross bridges.

c)

bind to actin.

d)

decompose.

23.

The study of the function of body parts

(a)  

24.

The basic unit of structure and function in the body

(a)  

25.

All the chemical reactions inside of a cell are called (a)   .

26.
What is embedded in the phospholipid bilayer?
a)
Proteins
b)
Salt
c)
Water
d)
Worms
27.
The picture is an example of...
a)
active transport
b)
passive transport
c)
diffusion
d)
osmosis
28.
Osmosis uses a channel protein called AQUAPORIN.  What type of transport is this? *Think!
a)
Diffusion
b)
Facilitated Diffusion
c)
Active Transport
d)
Endocytosis
29.
What tissue is this.  Hint: it is found around joints, and acts as a food reserve.
a)
Bone
b)
Cartilage
c)
Blood
d)
Adipose
30.

Which of the following is NOT a main function of epithelial tissues?

a)

covering exposed surfaces

b)

lining internal passageways

c)

producing glandular secretions

d)

contracting to produce movement

31.

This type of tissue makes up glands like your salivary glands.

a)

Epithelial

b)

Nervous

c)

Connective

d)

Muscle

32.
Name this tissue
a)
Bone
b)
Hyaline cartilage
c)
Fibrocartilage
d)
Adipose
33.

Check off each characteristic that pertains to the Cardiac muscle

a)

voluntary

b)

involuntary

c)

striated

d)

non-striated

e)

multinucleated per cell

34.

This is a neuron's ability to carry a nerve impulse (message)

a)

irritability

b)

transference

c)

conductivity

d)

synaptic cleft messaging

35.

Group of cells that have a similar structure and act together to perform a spesific function. This statement defines

a)

tissue

b)

animal tissue

c)

epithelial tissue

d)

muscle tissue

e)

connective tissue

36.

Melanocytes lie within the _________________ of the skin

a)

stratum corneum and top layers

b)

deepest dermis

c)

stratum spinosum and stratum lucidum

d)

stratum basale and upper dermis

37.

The protective dead layer of cells of the outer epidermis is called the:

a)

stratum spinosum

b)

stratum granulosum

c)

stratum corneum

d)

stratum basale

38.

What is one important function for melanin?

a)

cause the skin to be cooler

b)

increase the amount of blood vessels

c)

strengthen the skin or eyes

d)

absorb harmful radiation

39.

Who would be most at risk of developing rickets, a bone disease caused by insufficient calcium absorption?

a)

Children born to mothers with dark skin living far from the equator.

b)

Adults with dark skin who live close to the equator.

c)

Children born to mothers with light skin, living close to the equator.

d)

Adults with light skin who live close to the equator.

e)

Anyone who eats a diet that includes a lot of fish

40.
Different tones of human skin color evolved 
a)
in response to varying levels of UV radiation in the environment
b)
Randomly and for no reason at all
41.
If a person lives in an environment with low radiation what kind of skin color would be the best adapted
a)
Darker skin tones to increase production of Vitamin D Synthesis
b)
Darker skin tones to protect DNA and Folate
c)
Lighter Skin tones to increase production of Vitamin D
d)
Lighter Skin tones to protect DNA and Folate
42.
The graph in Figure 2 summarizes the age at which people are diagnosed with melanoma, the most serious form of skin cancer. When would you see the most likely chance of developing skin cancer?
a)
35-44
b)
45-54
c)
55-64
d)
65-74
43.

Folate is:

a)

a B-Vitamin

b)

used to make DNA and other genetic material

c)

important for pregnancy

d)

all of the above

44.

What's in the picture?

a)

synaptic vesicles

b)

neurotransmitters

c)

presynaptic neuron

d)

postsynaptic neuron

e)

synaptic cleft

45.
Excess neurotransmitters in the synapse that goes back into the presynaptic neuron.
a)
Resting potential
b)
Reuptake
c)
Retroactivity
d)
Repolarization
46.

X

a)

Axon Terminal Button

b)

Neurotransmitters

c)

Dendrite

d)

Synapse

47.

An action potential is

a)

A positive charge that moves along the neurons

b)

A negative charge that moves along the neurons

c)

The neutral charge of cells at rest

48.

a cell that has the most potential, able to become any type of cell.

a)

Totipotent

b)

Pluripotent

c)

Multipotent

49.
If you looked at red blood cells under a microscope and saw the blood cells exploded, what would you say happened?
a)
The cells were placed in a hypotonic solution.
b)
the solution was isotonic.
c)
The solution was hypertonic.
50.

Which of the following chemicals make capillaries more permeable?

a)

Histamine

b)

Heparine

51.

Which of the following is an inflammatory response?

a)

Redness

b)

Swelling

c)

Increased mobility

d)

Heat

52.

What is the name of the incomplete fracture usually seen in children?

a)

Linear

b)

Transverse

c)

Fibial

d)

Greenstick

53.

If a fracture is comminuted, that means the bone is in _______ pieces.

a)

Multiple

b)

One

54.
BONE CELL THAT BUILDS BONE
a)
OSTEON
b)
OSTEOCYTE
c)
OSTEOCLAST
d)
OSTEOBLAST
55.
The continuous breakdown and reforming of bone tissue is called ______.
a)
remodeling
b)
rebuilding
c)
rehabituation
d)
renewl
56.
Parathyroid hormone and calcitriol are secreted in response to what?
a)
low potassium
b)
low calcium
c)
high potassium
d)
high calcium
57.

Which type of cellular junction form a "quilted seal" between cells?

a)

Tight junctions

b)

Desmosomes

c)

Gap Junctions

58.
The membranes of cells are spot welded together to form reinforced structural units. Skin cells have these kind of junctions.
a)
gap junctions
b)
tight junctions
c)
desmosomes
59.

The difference between endocrine and exocrine glands can best be described by which of the following?

a)

exocrine secretions are released into surrounding tissues and blood whereas endocrine secretions are discharged onto the surface of the skin or other epithelial surfaces

b)

endocrine secretions are released into the surrounding tissues and blood whereas exocrine secretions are discharged onto the surface of the skin or other epithelial surfaces

c)

exocrine secretions and endocrine secretions are both released directly into the blood at all times

d)

exocrine secretions and endocrine secretions are both released directly onto the surface of the skin at all times

60.

Name the type of secretion

a)

merocrine

b)

apocrine

c)

holocrine

d)

berocrine

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