Caimed Florida, Texas, California & built missions

This regions economy was based on Transatlantic Slave Trade, plantations, cash crops, fertile soil

A theory that British controlled colonial trade, and angered colonists

Distance from Britain, Mayflower Compact, Virginia House of Burgesses, Fundamental Orders of Connecticut are reasons for the development of

A place for Catholics to live peacefully

The 1st anti-slavery group, lived in Pennsylvania

This law forbid colonists from moving west of Appalachian Mountains, angered colonists

Consent of the ​ ____ is a belief British should have permission by the colonists to pass taxes, main reason for American Revolution

the British response to the Boston Tea Party and it increased tension between colonists and British

A law establishing a way for admitting new states to the United States, territories govern themselves

last major battle resulting in British defeat, Britain then signed Treaty of Paris and recognized U.S. independence

first government: Congress can negotiate treaties and declare war, no executive branch

An agreement that decided how many representatives large and small states would send to Congress

An agreement over how slaves would count for representation and taxation purposes

turning point of the American Revolution war, France joined with Patriots

Supported the Constitution, believed it created a more stable Union, Led by Alexander Hamilton and James Madison

Against Constitution, believed it needed a bill of rights, Led by Patrick Henry and George Mason

freedom of religion (church/mosque), freedom of speech (criticize), freedom of press (media), freedom of assembly (peaceful protest), freedom to petition

Citizens ________ means citizens must serve on juries to determine verdict, vote in elections

each branch of government has some power over the other two branches, helps to prevent anyone branch from becoming too powerful

right to trial by jury

rights not given to the federal gov’t are rights of the states, this is the principle of federalism

no unreasonable search or seizure

A protest over federal whiskey tax, Washington used domestic force to stop rebellion

1) establish National Bank 2) pay off war debt 3) pass whiskey tax 4) protective tariff

freedom from cruel or unusual punishment

Washington warned against having permanent foreign alliances and the creation of political parties

- John Adams (2nd President), angered many Americans when he passed the law that violated freedom of speech

issued by James Monroe, prevented European colonization of land in the Western Hemisphere

led by Alexander Hamilton; wanted 1) more federal govt. power, 2) industrial economy, 3) federal bank

established judicial review which gave Supreme Court power to declare laws unconstitutional

Democratic Party, led to voting increases

- led by Thomas Jefferson; wanted 1) less federal gov’t, 2) agricultural economy, 3) no federal bank

The British __________ of U.S. sailors was a leading cause of the War of 1812

problem over if the state of South Carolina had the right to nullify (overturn) a federal law, argument over states’ rights vs. federal rights

Cherokee sue to keep land, Court favors Native Americans, Jackson and state ignore Supreme Court and force Natives to move to Indian Territory anyway

Negotiated with Britain in a treaty, U.S. achieved goal of Manifest Destiny (owning land coast to coast)

Huge increase in population; the Chinese immigrants came to the U.S. Chinese worked on Transcontinental Railroad

School where artists painted landscapes and nature

Is caused by U.S. annexing Texas, and bloodshed on the disputed border

A movement to encourage people to be more religious, caused social reform leading to Reform Era

U.S. desire to own land from coast to coast James K. Polk, causes: 1) land = wealth 2) population boom

land U.S. acquired after U.S.-Mexican War as stated in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

movement to get Americans to drink less or no alcohol, women involved in this

people who worked to end slavery: Harriet Beecher Stowe and Frederick Douglas

Geography caused country to develop differences; Northerners build factories, Southerners farmed, Westerners mined; it contributed to Civil War

Consisted of mining (gold) and agriculture (farming)

founded by Emerson, ideal societies and nature

Consisted of textile mills, trade, factories, and immigrants

North and South agree: California becomes a free state but a strict Fugitive Slave Law is passed

Seneca Falls Convention called for women’s suffrage; Led by Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Consisted of plantation system, slave labor, cotton produced and sent to the Northern factories

a part of the Compromise of 1850, runaway slaves were to be captured and returned to the South

An agreement that attempted to solve slavery issue with popular sovereignty but violence erupted as a result of law

more efficient way to make things, led to mass production, and resulted in prices decreasing

Women first began working outside their homes in ______ mills

ruled slaves were property and not citizens, later 14th Amendment gave citizenship to all African Americans

Invention used to communicate rapidly over long distances

Man-made rivers, allowed transportation of goods to become faster, caused prices of goods drop, and cities grew

This resulted in people planting more cotton, and an increase of slaves in America

economy driven by profit and competition

Resulted in faster and more efficient transportation of goods on land and the prices of goods decreased

Resulted in faster and more efficient transportation of goods on water and the prices of goods decreased

Union captured Mississippi River dividing the Confederacy in half

took control after Lincoln’s death, punished Confederate leaders and southerners for Civil War

people who move from rural farm areas to cities to work in factories, causing the city populations explode

Lincoln issued this and it freed slaves in Confederacy

After the Civil War the process of Southern states being brought back into the Union, South was in financial ruin

Irish came to U.S. because of potato famine, they worked in factories/ Transcontinental Railroad, and where blamed for taking away jobs

They had more factories = more weapons

Confederacy surrenders to Union, ending the Civil War, located in Virginia

laws that limited the new freedom of freedmen

granted citizenship to African Americans, all Americans were to be treated equally under the law

encouraged settlement of the West, opened new markets to sell goods to, price of products decreased, and Irish and Chinese immigrants built it

worked to help freedmen. provided 1) education 2) clothing/food 3) jobs

African American males were allowed to vote

claimed land in New World to profit from fur trading

abolished slavery and African Americans were free to move wherever they wanted

1st African American U.S. Senator

​ ​ Regions economy consisted of fishing, lumbering, shipbuilding, harbors

Effects of the War of 1812 led to an increase in

Roger Williams started the colony of Rhode Island with the belief of