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8.11ABC (Ecology)

Total questions: 30

Worksheet time: 54mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Which process is responsible for carrying fertilizers that have been applied to crops into bodies of water, such as a river?
a)
Runoff
b)
Evaporation
c)
Ocean Currents
d)
Tectonic Plate movement
2.
a man made, underwater structure that promotes the growth of reef dwelling aquatic organisms.
a)
Corral reefs
b)
Artificial reefs
c)
organisms
d)
food
3.
taking more fish out of an ecosystem than can be replaced by the reproductive rates of the remaining populations.
a)
extint
b)
fishing
c)
over fishing
d)
over population
4.
Humans often change ecosystems as a result of population growth, consumption, and technology. Which of the following exemplifies a way in which humans modify ecosystems? 
a)
factory and automotive emissions causing acid rain 
b)
redirecting and storing freshwater behind dams 
c)
cutting down trees to build new buildings and roads 
d)
all of these
5.
A manatee is a water-dwelling herbivore on the list of endangered species. If manatees were to become extinct, what would be the most likely result in areas where they had lived?
a)
Certain producer organisms would become more abundant in the area.
b)
Other manatees would move into the area and restore balance.
c)
Predators in the area would have more food to eat.
d)
The area would not be affected.
6.
Scientists are concerned about overfishing of shark populations. Sharks feed on rays and rays feed on scallops. Without sharks, rays consume all the scallop beds. This situation demonstrates that: 
a)
humans can improve an ecosystem by removing predators.
b)
humans can upset an ecosystem by removing species.
c)
reducing the shark population increases the quantity of scallops that can be taken.
d)
sharks are not important for the stability of the ecosystem.
7.
Currently sharks are on a rapid decline due to overfishing. If sharks go extinct will this affect the biodiversity of the ocean?
a)
No, sharks are not important.
b)
No, sharks will only affect the seal populations.
c)
Yes, it will disrupt the entire food chain in the ocean.
d)
Yes, but only a little.
8.

How can a shipwreck that is left in place on the ocean floor benefit marine life?

a)

the fossil fuel in its engines can become food for algae and fish

b)

its interior can release oxygen from the surface to the deep ocean

c)

it can provide a hard surface where organisms can attach and live.

d)

plastics in the ship can break down and be released to the open ocean

9.

The ultimate source of energy

a)

Producers

b)

Consumers

c)

Food webs

d)

Sun

10.

The Dead Sea has a salt concentration of 33% which makes it inhospitable for aquatic plants and animals. During rainy seasons, the concentration of salt decreases and some kinds of algae begin to grow. What changes could be expected when the salt concentration returns to normal?

a)

Increased algae growth

b)

Plant life flourishes

c)

Algae dies off

d)

Animals return to the area

11.
Some animals are born with a gene that causes hairlessness.  Which of the following would be an example of how this is a beneficial mutation
a)
Higher rates of skin cancer in hairless animals.
b)
Animals that are hairless have better tolerance for heat
c)
Animals with no hair have more skin infections than those with hair
d)
animals with less hair are less able get food because they can't forage in cold weather
12.
During a period of drought, members of a community may volunteer to water their lawns every other day, rather than daily. The most important benefit of this action is -
a)
It conserves the groundwater supply.
b)
It reduces air pollution
c)
It fertilizes the soil
d)
It adds nitrogen to the soil
13.
Why are advantageous traits more likely to be passed onto offspring?
a)
Because they are more likely to survive and reproduce.
b)
Because they come from dominant alleles.
c)
Because they come from recessive alleles.
d)
Because the trait is an acquired phenotype.
14.
1.  Why did the population of peppered moths in England change from light to dark after the Industrial Revolution?
a)
Light moths were killed by soot.
b)
Dark moths were produces by industrial processes.
c)
The birds that ate the dark moths were killed by the soot.
d)
Light moths were more obvious against the soot-stained trees.
15.
A group of herbivores are separated from their population.  In the new environment, the only edible vegetation grows at the top of tall trees.  Which of the following is a likely physical adaptation that may develop?
a)
striped fur
b)
a tendency to mate during the summer
c)
the ability to swim
d)
a long neck
16.

When Charles Darwin visited the Galapagos Island in the 1800s, he observed many types of organisms that were similar but lived on different islands. The four species of mockingbirds found on the Gapapagos Island are shown below. Each species lives on a different island. These species are very similar, but the Hood mockingbird has a longer beak than the other three species. Which of the following best explains this difference?

a)

The hood mockingbird needs a longer beak for defense against predators.

b)

The Hood mockingbird originated from a different type of bird than the other species.

c)

The Hood mockingbird's longer beak is an adaptation to the food available in the bird's habitat.

d)

The Hood mockingbird's beak stretched to reach its food, and the longer beak was passed down to its offspring.

17.

an inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of survival

a)

biodiversity

b)

environmental change

c)

adaptation

18.
Field mice eat corn. Which would most likely happen if the field mouse population grew?
a)
There would be more corn to feed the field mice.
b)
There would be less corn due to the mice eating it.
c)
The habitat would get overpopulated because the mice woudl eat too much.
19.

Snowshoe hares are related to rabbits and live in cold regions. In warm weather, they have a brown coat and spend many hours feeding on vegetation. To avoid predators they either remain still and try to blend into their habitat, or use their powerful hind legs to flee. What change brought about by the winter season would help these animals avoid predators in the snowy climate?

a)

Their bodies slow down and require less food.

b)

They spend more of the day sleeping.

c)

Their brown fur changes to white.

d)

They must search longer to find vegetation.

20.

Giant salvinia is an aquatic plant that floats on water and reproduces rapidly. When these plants die, decomposition by bacteria affects oxygen levels in the water. As more plants die, less oxygen is available in the water. Students observe a pond covered by giant salvinia.

Which statement is the best prediction the students can make about the immediate future of the pond?

a)

The depth of the water in the pond will increase.

b)

Fish populations in the pond will begin to decrease.

c)

The amount of bacteria in the pond will suddenly decrease.

d)

The number of different types of plants around the pond will increase.

21.

The strangler fig is a vine that starts out as a seed in the tree canopy of the rain forest. It drops its roots down from the canopy to the forest floor.

By sprouting in the rain-forest canopy, the strangler fig seedling is exposed to more

a)

sunlight

b)

soil

c)

nutrients

d)

consumers

22.

Four students were asked to create a graph representing a typical predator–prey relationship. Which graph shows a situation in which the number of predators in a population depends on the number of prey?

a)
b)
c)
d)
23.

The Prairies Region and the Cross Timbers are located in north-central Texas. The graph below shows information about eating habits of white-tailed deer in these regions.

A Cross Timbers rancher is concerned about competition between the ranch animals and the deer. Based on the graph, which ranch animals compete for the most food with white-tailed deer?

a)

Cattle that eat grass and feed

b)

Goats that eat weeds and shrubs

c)

Turkeys that eat seeds and fruit

d)

Hogs that eat fruit, seeds, and feed

24.

Which organisms in the food web shown above compete for the same food source in this environment?

a)

Grasshoppers and snakes

b)

Hawks and frogs

c)

Frogs and snakes

d)

Decomposers and grasses

25.
Animals from two different species utilize the same source of nutrition in one area. It is most accurate to say that the animals…
a)
will learn to get along
b)
will compete for food
c)
will die because there will not be enough food for both of them
d)
will learn to eat different foods
26.

This diagram shows the variety of organisms that live in different tide zones. Mussels are common organisms that compete for space in intertidal (middle) tide zones. If all of the mussels were removed from zone A, which organisms would likely compete for the space in Zone A?

a)

Periwinkle and Limpets

b)

Sea lettuce and Chiton

c)

Sea urchins and Hermit crabs

d)

Rock louse and Periwinkle

27.

Which of the following would be the most likely effect, if there were a sudden increase in the cricket population?

a)

There would be a decrease in the small bird population.

b)

There would be a decrease in the grass/flowers population.

c)

There would be a decrease in the mice population.

d)

There would be an increase in the grass/flowers population.

28.
In this food chain, what will happen if the frogs become extinct?
a)
The snakes will increase.
b)
The grasshoppers will decrease.
c)
The eagles will remain the same.
d)
The grasshoppers will increase.
29.
What percentage of energy is passed on to each tropic level?
a)
10%
b)
50%
c)
90%
d)
100%
30.
Use the diagram to answer the question.
The Mayfly is a food source for which 3 organisms?
a)
Frog, Dragon Fly and snake
b)
Frog, trout and dragon fly
c)
Frog, salamander and trout
d)
Frog and phytoplankton

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