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WorksheetsHPP II Exam 2
Total questions: 185
Worksheet time: 2hrs 33mins
What is the scientific study of the heart and the treatment of its disorders?
(a)
Cardiovascular system consists of what?
(a)
Circulatory system consists of what?
(a)
Fully oxygenated blood arrives from lungs via (a) veins.
lesser oxygenated blood arrives from inferior and superior ____ _____, the largest vein in the body.
(a)
Blood is sent to lungs via __________ ______, the main pulmonary artery, diverged to left and right pulmonary arteries.
(a)
Blood is sent to all organs of the body via (a) .
pulmonary circuit is the (a) side of the heart
systemic circuit is the (a) side of the heart
The pericardium is a double-walled sac that (a) the heart.
The pericardium allows heart to beat without (a) , provides room to expand, yet resists excessive expansion.
The pericardium anchored to ______ inferiorly and _______ anteriorly
(a)
_______ _____ is the space inside the pericardial sac filled with 5-30mL of pericardial fluid.
(a)
(a) is the inflammation of the membranes. Painful friction rub with each heart beat.
Epicardium (_______ _______) is a serous membrane covering the heart, with adipose in thick layer in some places. Coronary _____ _____ travel through this layer.
(a)
________ is the smooth inner lining of heart and blood vessels. It covers the valve surfaces and continuous with endothelium of _____ _______.
(a)
(a) is the layer of cardiac muscle proportional to work load. Fibrous skeleton of the heart - framework of collagenous and elastic fibers.
Myocardium provides _______ ______ and _________ for cardiac muscle and anchor for ____ tissue.
(a)
Myocardium provides electrical insulation between atria and ventricles important in _____ and _______ of contractile activity.
(a)
The right atrium and left atrium are two ______ chambers, receive blood _______ to the heart. Each atrium has an ______ (a small earlike extension) that slightly increases its volume.
(a)
Right ventricle and left ventricle are two ______ chambers that ____ blood into arteries.
(a)
Interatrial septum is a wall that separates (a) .
Interventricular septum is a muscular wall that separates (a) .
Artioventricular (AV) valves control blood flow between _____ and _______.
(a)
Semilunar valves control flow into _____ _______. They open and close because of _____ _____ and ______.
(a)
The (a) ensure a one-way flow of blood through the heart.
Right AV valve has __ cusps (________ valve).
(a)
Left AV valve has __ cusps (________ valve).
(a)
(a) semilunar valve is involved in opening between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk.
(a) semilunar valve is involved in opening between left ventricle and aorta.
When ventricles relax, pressure ____ inside the ventricles, semilunar valves ____ as blood attempts to go back up into the ventricles from the vessels. AV valves ____, and blood flows from _____ to ________.
(a)
When ventricles contract, AV valves _____ as blood attempts to go back up into the ______, pressure _____ inside of the ventricles, semilunar valves ____ and blood flows into great _____.
(a)
The largest arteries
(a)
Arteries branch into smaller vessels
(a)
the smallest veins
(a)
the largest veins
(a)
(a) % of blood pumped by heart is pumped to the heart itself through the coronary circulation to sustain its strenuous workload.
Blood flow to the myocardium (a) during ventricular relaxation.
________ ________ is the sudden death of a patch of myocardium resulting from long-term obstruction of coronary circulation.
(a)
complete blockage of the blood supply
(a)
(a) is a connection that is created between tubular structures, such as blood vessels or loops of intestine.
MI is responsible for about (a) of all deaths in the United States.
(a) (blood clot or fatty deposit) often obstruct coronary arteries
_______ ______ is chest pain from partial obstruction of coronary blood flow
(a)
what is the deficient supply of blood to a body part (such as the heart or brain) that is due to obstruction of the inflow of arterial blood?
(a)
The circulatory route from aorta to the venae cavae is the (a) circuit.
Electrical signals pass quickly from one cardiomyocyte to another through the (a) of the intercalated discs.
The (a) nerves innervate the heart and tend to reduce the heart rate.
The pacemaker potential of the SA node cells results from the slow inflow of (a) .
Repolarization of the ventricles produces the (a) of the electrocardigram.
The death of cardiac tissue from lack of blood flow is commonly known as a heart attack, but clinically called _______ ________.
(a)
The contraction of any heart chamber is called ________, and its relaxation is called _________.
(a)
Assume that one ventricle of a child's heart has an EDV of 90mL, an ESV of 60mL, and a cardiac output of 2.55 L/min. What are the child's stroke volume (SV)?
(a)
Assume that one ventricle of a child's heart has an EDV of 90mL, an ESV of 60mL, and a cardiac output of 2.55 L/min. What are the child's ejection fraction (EF)?
(a)
Assume that one ventricle of a child's heart has an EDV of 90mL, an ESV of 60mL, and a cardiac output of 2.55 L/min. What are the child's heart rate (HR)?
(a)
Capillaries only have ______ _____ layer.
(a)
Arteries are sometimes called _______ ______ because they have relatively strong, resilient tissue structure that ______ _____ ______ ________.
(a)
capillaries organized into networks are called
(a)
_______ _______ control which beds are well perfused.
(a)
___-____ of the bodies capillaries are shut down at a given time
(a)
when sphincters are (a) , the capillaries are well perfused, three-fourths of the capillaries of the body are shut down
when the sphincters are (a) , blood flows through vascular shunt (skeletal muscles at rest)
Veins have greater capacity for blood containment than arteries, ______ walls, _____ lumen.
(a)
Prevents the backflow of blood, so blood can flow against gravity.
(a)
What is the force that blood exerts against a vessel wall?
(a)
Brachial artery of arm using sphygmomanometer is the measurement of what?
(a)
(a) blood pressure (the top/first number)
(a) blood pressure (the bottom/second number)
High blood pressure ( (a) tension)
Low blood pressure (= _________): _____ mmHg or lower
(a)
(a) : Major indicator of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Increased stiffness of large arteries. Buildup of plaque (Atherosclerosis)
Which number is more important, SP or DP?
(a)
What is aneurysm: bulges in weak BV point. Atherosclerosis: Buildup of plaque, plaque = lipid (cholesterol) deposits, cause myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure?
(a)
What is blood loss, dehydration, anemia?
(a)
Anemia causes hypotension because ____ Hb -> ____ O2 -> BV _____ -> BP ____
(a)
Your blood pressure is 120/80 mmHg. Calculate pulse pressure.
(a)
What is the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure?
(a)
Wide pulse pressure ( (a) mmHg)
Narrow pulse pressure ( (a) mmHg)
Your heart is working harder or your arteries are less flexible. Especially for an individual physically inactive. Indicator of heart disease, heart rhythm disorders, stroke, & other cardiovascular disease complications.
(a)
Your heart does not pump enough blood. Heart failure, heart valve disease, or loss of blood
(a)
The increasing distance from left ventricle, the BP (a)
BP (a) with age
The heart is skewed to the left. The heart’s left ventricle has to be bigger as it pumps oxygen rich blood round the whole body. Blood pressure in the ____ arm was consistently _____ than that in the ____ arm regardless of the handedness.
(a)
Most of the water and other substances: filtering through the _______ are returned to the body by the ________.
(a)
Large particles are _____ _____ and retained in the bloodstream. Small solutes: _____ _______ the membrane into the filtrate
(a)
How to measure GFR? A blood test measuring (a) levels
nephron loop generates an ______ _______ that enables the collecting duct to concentrate the urine and conserve water.
(a)
Therapeutics - ______ ______ (e.g., Lasix): reduce NaCl reabsorption in ____ _____ of the loop of Henle. It increases urine volume-> reduce the fluid volume of the body and blood pressure.
(a)
(a) convoluted tubule: The major place of secretion
