Font size
S
M
L
XL
WorksheetsCardio Exam 3 - Gupta - Anti Thrombotic Agents
Total questions: 56
Worksheet time: 28mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
What are some characteristics of hemostatsis in the circulatory system
a)
maintains fluidity of the blood in normal blood vessels
b)
important for balancing blood fluidity and formation of clot if needed
c)
limits loss of blood by forming a localized plug rapidly in injured blood vessels
d)
a normal hemostatic process that is activated improperly
e)
unwanted clot
2.
What is thrombosis
a)
maintains fluidity of the blood in normal blood vessels
b)
important for balancing blood fluidity and formation of clot if needed
c)
limits loss of blood by forming a localized plug rapidly in injured blood vessels
d)
a normal hemostatic process that is activated improperly
e)
unwanted clot
3.
A thrombus is a blood clot that is
a)
stuck in one place
b)
free floating
c)
dissolved
4.
An embolus is a blood clot that is
a)
stuck in one place
b)
free floating
c)
dissolved
5.
A detached ___ becomes a(n) ___
a)
thrombus, embolus
b)
embolus, thrombus
c)
thrombus, scar
d)
embolus, scar
6.
What are some characterstics of both thrombuses and emboluses
a)
dangerous
b)
may occlude blood vessels
c)
may deprive tissues of oxygen and nutrients
d)
helps with blood flow
7.
All of the following can manifest from thrombus and embolus EXCEPT
a)
deep vein thrombosis
b)
MI
c)
stroke
d)
pulmonary embolism
e)
Edema
8.
What are some characteristics of arterial thrombosis
a)
happens in medium sized vessels
b)
due to surface lesions on endothelial cells caused by atherosclerosis
c)
usually a platelet-rich clot
d)
tirggered by blood stasis
e)
usually rich in fibrin
9.
What are some characteristics of venous thrombosis
a)
inappropriate activation of the coagulation cascade
b)
due to surface lesions on endothelial cells caused by atherosclerosis
c)
usually a platelet-rich clot
d)
triggered by blood stasis
e)
usually rich in fibrin
10.
Which type of antithrombotic prevents the occurance or enlargement of a thrombus
a)
anti-platelets
b)
anti-coagulants
c)
thrombolytics
11.
Which type of antithrombotic dissolves already existing clots
a)
anti-platelets
b)
anti-coagulants
c)
thrombolytics
12.
After a vascular injury, what is the first step the body takes to begin thrombosis
a)
vasoconstriction
b)
platelet adhesion
c)
platelet granule release reaction
d)
platelet aggregation and consolidation
e)
coagulation cascade
13.
Primary hemostasis involves the transformation of platelets into a hemostatic plug through what reactions
a)
adhesion
b)
the granule release reaction
c)
activation and aggregation
d)
activation of thrombin
e)
fibrinogen forms fibrin
14.
During platelet adhesion during primary hemostasis, platelets adhere to ___ that is exposed after vascular injury
a)
subendothelial collagen
b)
fibrin
c)
prostacyclin
d)
hemostatic plug
15.
What factor binds to glycoprotein lb [GPlb] on the platelet membrane and to the exposed collagen
a)
von Willebrand factor (vWF)
b)
Factor X
c)
Factor VIII
d)
Factor IX
16.
What factors interacts directly to exposed collagen (select 2)
a)
von Willebrand factor (vWF)
b)
glycoprotein lb [GPlb]
c)
glycoprotein VI (GPVI)
d)
GPIIb-IIIa
e)
fibrinogen
17.
During platelet granule release in primary hemostasis, what granules get released
a)
thromboxane A2 (TxA2)
b)
ADP
c)
Ca2+, ATP
d)
serotonin, platelet factor 4
e)
vWF
18.
What are some characteristics of ADP (select 2)
a)
helps release TxA2 causing vasoconstriction and granule release
b)
important in mediating platelet aggregation
c)
connects to collagen through vWF
d)
converts prothrombin to thrombin
19.
What activates and aggregates platelets during primary hemostasis
a)
thromboxane A2 (TxA2)
b)
ADP
c)
thrombin
d)
platelet factors
e)
fibrinogen
20.
What enzyme catalyzes arachidonic acid in activated platelets into thromboxane A2 (TxA2)
a)
cyclooxygenase
b)
phospholipase C (PLC)
c)
protein kinase C (PKC)
d)
phospholipase A2 (PLA2)
21.
TxA2 binds to the cell surface of a TxA2 receptor (a G protein-coupled receptor) that activates
a)
cyclooxygenase
b)
phospholipase C (PLC)
c)
protein kinase C (PKC)
d)
phospholipase A2 (PLA2)
22.
What enzyme leads to the activation of GPIIb-IIIa in order to bind to fibrinogen and allowing fibrinogen to cross-link platelets on other GPIIb-IIIa receptors, aggregate, and form a primary hemostatic plug
a)
cyclooxygenase
b)
phospholipase C (PLC)
c)
protein kinase C (PKC)
d)
phospholipase A2 (PLA2)
23.
What will directly decrease if we inhibit cyclooxygenase
a)
thromboxane A2 (TxA2)
b)
phospholipase C (PLC)
c)
protein kinase C (PKC)
d)
phospholipase A2 (PLA2)
e)
GPIIb-IIIa and fibrinogen
24.
What will be directly affected if we block GPIIb-IIIa receptors
a)
thromboxane A2 (TxA2)
b)
phospholipase C (PLC)
c)
protein kinase C (PKC)
d)
phospholipase A2 (PLA2)
e)
fibrinogen
25.
During platelet activation by ADP, ADP binds to the P2Y(ADP) recpetor to activate a Gi protein to inhibit
a)
adenylyl cyclase
b)
cAMP
c)
protein kinase A (PKA)
d)
phospholipase C (PLC)
26.
During platelet activation by ADP, an inhibited adenylyl cyclase decreases the synthesis of
a)
ADP
b)
cAMP
c)
protein kinase A (PKA)
d)
phospholipase C (PLC)
27.
During platelet activation by ADP, a decrease in cAMP leads to a decrease in ___ therefore causing platelet activation
a)
adenylyl cyclase
b)
cAMP
c)
protein kinase A (PKA)
d)
phospholipase C (PLC)
28.
What are the 2 signals that lead to platelet activation
a)
decreased PKA activity
b)
increased PLC activity
c)
increased PKA activity
d)
decreased PLC activity
29.
During platelet activation by Thrombin, thrombin acts on PAR-1 to activate a ___ protein
a)
Gq
b)
Gi
c)
Gs
30.
During platelet activation by Thrombin, ADP also activates a __ protein by binding to the P2Y1 receptor
a)
Gq
b)
Gi
c)
Gs
31.
During platelet activation by Thrombin, Gq activation activates ___ which leads to platelet activation
a)
adenylyl cyclase
b)
cAMP
c)
protein kinase A (PKA)
d)
phospholipase C (PLC)
32.
If we inhibit P2Y (ADP) receptors during platelet activation, what will ultimately be affected
a)
thromboxane A2 (TxA2)
b)
phospholipase C (PLC)
c)
protein kinase A (PKA)
d)
phospholipase A2 (PLA2)
33.
If we inhibit phosphodiesterase during platelet activation, what will ultimately be affected
a)
thromboxane A2 (TxA2)
b)
phospholipase C (PLC)
c)
protein kinase A (PKA)
d)
phospholipase A2 (PLA2)
34.
Activated fibrinogen-binding protein GPIIb-IIIa bind to other platelets via fibrinogen causing
a)
adhesion
b)
granule release reaction
c)
activation
d)
aggregation
35.
Why do we need secondary hemostasis during thrombosis
a)
to form a temporary clot at site of injury
b)
to form a stable clot at site of injury
c)
to heal an injury
d)
to from a stable clot to move through the body
36.
What pathways are involved in the coagulation cascade
a)
intrinsic
b)
extrinsic
c)
common
37.
Coagulation factors circulate as inactive ___ that are synthesized by the liver
a)
enzymes
b)
catalysts
c)
proenzymes
d)
fibrin
38.
What is an important coenzyme in many steps during the coagulation cascade
a)
Ca2+
b)
K+
c)
Na+
d)
adenylyl cyclase
e)
ADP
39.
The intrinsic pathway is largely an ____ pathway, while the extrinsic pathway accounts for the majority of ___ coagulation
a)
in vitro, in vivo
b)
in vivo, in vitro
c)
in vivo, in vivo
d)
in vitro, in vitro
40.
What are some characteristics of the intrinsic pathway of the coagulation cascade and what are examples of stimuli that cause it
a)
no injury or damage
b)
atherosclerosis
c)
artificial heart valve
d)
vascular injury
e)
trauma
41.
What are some characteristics of the extrinsic pathway of the coagulation cascade and what are examples of stimuli that cause it
a)
no injury or damage
b)
atherosclerosis
c)
artificial heart valve
d)
vascular injury
e)
trauma
42.
In the extrinsic pathway of the coagulation cascade, which factor is activated to begin the clotting chain of action
a)
factor 7
b)
tissue factor
c)
factor 9
d)
factor 10
43.
During the clotting cascade, thrombin (IIa) acts on fibrinogen (I) to form fibrin (Ia) with then polymerizes and cross-links with factor ___ to form a strong clot
a)
Factor VII
b)
Factor XIIIa
c)
Factor VIII
d)
Factor X
e)
Factor V
44.
What are some roles of thrombin
a)
convert fibrinogen to fibrin
b)
activates factor XIII
c)
deactivates platelets
d)
amplifies feedback activation of factors VIII and V
e)
activates platelets
45.
What are some endogenous anticoagulant factors
a)
prostacyclin (PGI2)
b)
anti-thrombin III
c)
proteins C and S
d)
tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI)
e)
tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA)
46.
What are some characteristics of endogenous anticoagulant, prostacyclin (PGI2)
a)
synthesized and secreted by the endothelium
b)
increase cAMP levels within platelets and vascular smooth muscle
c)
inhibit platelet aggregation and platelet granule release
d)
induces vascular smooth muscle relaxation
e)
physiologically antagonist to TxA2
47.
What are some characteristics of endogenous anticoagulant, antithrombin III
a)
inactivates thrombin (IIa)
b)
inactivates IXa, Xa
c)
inactivates XIa, XIIa
d)
activates IXa, Xa
e)
activates XIa, XIIa
48.
The inactivation process of anti-thrombin III is enhanced by heparin-like molecules
a)
True
b)
False
49.
What are some characteristics of endogenous anticoagulant, protein C and S
a)
Protein C inactivates factors Va and VIIIa
b)
Protein S inactivates factors Va and VIIIa
c)
excess thrombin generation leads to activation of protein C
d)
Protein C helps prevent the enlarging fibrin clot
e)
Protein S is the cofactor required for activation of protein C
50.
Thrombin activates protein __ which in turn activates protein ___ to inactivate factor Va and VIIIa and hamper coagulation
a)
S, C
b)
C, S
c)
A, C
d)
C, A
e)
S, A
51.
What are some characteristics of endogenous anticoagulant, tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI)
a)
limits the action of tissue factor (TF)
b)
limits activation of factor VII and subsequent factors
c)
inhibit platelet aggregation and platelet granule release
d)
induces vascular smooth muscle relaxation
e)
physiologically antagonist to TxA2
52.
What are some characteristics of endogenous anticoagulant, tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA)
a)
limits the action of tissue factor (TF)
b)
limits activation of factor VII and subsequent factors
c)
t-PA converts plasminogen to plasmin
d)
plasmin converts fibrin into fibrin degradation products
e)
physiologically antagonist to TxA2
53.
All of the following are major factors that predispose patients to thrombus formation EXCPET
a)
endothelial injury
b)
abnormal blood flow
c)
hypercoagulability
d)
hypotension
54.
What are some causes of endothelial injury associated with changes in stress that can lead to coronary artery thrombosis
a)
HTN, turbulent flow
b)
HLD
c)
elevated BG in DM
d)
traumatic vascular injury
e)
infections
55.
What are some causes of abnormal blood flow that can lead to thrombosis
a)
atherosclerotic plaques
b)
MI
c)
cardiac arrhythmias
d)
stasis occuring in the deep veins of the leg
e)
infections
56.
Hypercoagulability is an abnormally heightened coagulation response to vascular injury resulting from primary (____) disorders or secondary (____) disorders
a)
genetic, acquired
b)
acquired, genetic
Reset
