2. FDC has higher efficacy compared to separate drug formulations.

3. Standard anti-TB treatment for PTB is 8 weeks of intensive phase and 16 weeks of continuation phase.

4. AFB smear positive from gastric lavage with suspicious Chest X-ray (CXR) is considered as smear positive PTB.

5. CXR is an important tool for identifying PTB.

Select True/False for the following statements:

1. Xpert Ultra should be sent for all suspected smear negative PTB.

2. A patient with smear negative PTB with positive Xpert Ultra should be notified as smear positive PTB.

3. Indeterminate RIF resistance in Xpert Ultra is inconclusive for rifampicin-resistant TB.

4. The End TB Strategy aim to end TB by 2030.

5. VOT is more effective than DOT in ensuring treatment compliance.

The following are True/False regarding recurrent TB:

1. It can be confirmed by Xpert Ultra.

2. It is important to rule out drug resistance in recurrent TB.

3. HIV is associated with recurrent TB.

4. Cavitary PTB with smear positive sputum at the end of intensive phase is a risk factor for relapse.

5. Contact investigation should be done to rule out secondary cases of TB.

Select True/False for the following statements regarding EPTB/TB Meningitis:

1. Pleural fluid adenosine deaminase (ADA) can be used as a stand-alone test to rule in or rule out the diagnosis of pleural TB.

2. Pleural fluid ADA is more sensitive than pleural fluid Xpert Ultra when compared to a composite reference.

3. All forms of EPTB require extended duration of treatment.

4. Corticosteroids should be used in the treatment of tuberculous pericarditis.

5. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sampling of Xpert Ultra has comparable sensitivity to composite reference system evaluation.

Mr. Alex is a 55-year-old man who is transferred to your center for continuation of PTB treatment. He has underlying uncontrolled diabetes, end-stage renal failure on haemodialysis and Hepatitis C with liver cirrhosis. 

The following should be considered in Mr. Alex’s plan of TB management :

1. To continue anti-tuberculosis regimen with 2EHRZ/4HR.

2. Hep C treatment should be postponed because Direct acting anti-HCV therapy interacts with rifampicin.

3. His TB medications should be served before dialysis.

4. Duration of treatment for this patient is based on his GFR.

5. He should be managed at an experienced TB treatment centre.

Please answer True/False for the following statement on HIV-TB co-infection:

1. The CXR can be normal in people living with HIV (PLHIV) cases with PTB with positive sputum AFB.

2. LTBI treatment in PLHIV can only be started after a positive TST or IGRA.

3. Clinical deterioration during TB treatment in PLHIV could be due to IRIS.

4. PLHIV should be screened for TB when they have one or more of the following symptoms: cough, fever, night sweat or weight loss.

5. Dose adjustment is needed for integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTI) when rifampicin is prescribed.

Please answer True/False for the following statement on TB in Children

1. Most PTB in children is smear negative.

2. Disseminated and severe TB are uncommon in young children.

3. Children have less adverse effect of TB treatment as compared with adults.

4. Xpert Ultra of respiratory samples can be used to diagnose TB in children.

5. The dosage per kg body weight of anti-TB medication in children is higher than adults.

Please answer True/False for the following statement on LTBI in Adults

1. Up to 20% of population with LTBI will develop active TB infection if left untreated.

2. Close contacts and PLHIV are among the targeted population to be tested and treated for LTBI.

3. Mortality, morbidity and transmission of TB disease in the community can be reduced by treating LTBI.

4. Treatment of LTBI is up to 90% effective in preventing progression of active TB.

5. 3HR is more efficacious than 6H in preventing progression of LTBI to active TB.

Please answer True/False for the following statement on LTBI in Children

1. In young infants below 12 months of age, the risk of progression to active TB could reach 40%.

2. A 4-year-old child household contact with minimal cough and normal CXR should be given LTBI treatment.

3. a.    A negative TST/IGRA could exclude LTBI for children household contact more than 5 years of age.

4. All children with LTBI should be followed-up for at least 2 years even though LTBI treatment is not given.

5. LFT is mandatory before initiating LTBI treatment especially in newborn and young infants.

Please answer True/False for the following statement on anti-TB adverse drug reactions/drug-drug Interactions (ADR/DDI)

1. Rifampicin should be switched with rifabutin in TB patients on warfarin.

2. Anti TB ADR do not occur in the continuation phase.

3. ADR reporting should be done immediately in patients with severe and serious anti-TB ADR.

4. Drug desensitisation may be attempted in patients with severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCAR).

5. Drug-induced liver injury may occur in the absence of symptoms.