The process of transmitting information and common understanding from one person to another.

It is derived from the Latin word “communis” means “common.

The channels through which messages are conveyed.

The means of communication, as radio, television, newspapers, and magazines that reach or influence people widely.

It is actually a plural form of “medium”, the meaning of which also reflects the importance of the information and communication process.

Channel in communication.

The message conveyed by the sender to its recipient through various channels.

It is not always textual in form. It may also be in video, sound, image, graphics, animation and other non-verbal forms.

 It initiates the communication

The individual to whom the message is sent

The idea by selecting the words, symbols, or gestures with which to compose the message

The outcome of the encoding or an idea that someone is trying to express

The received message into meaningful information

The channel or the means of communication

It is anything that distorts the message

It occurs when the receivers respond to the sender's message and return the message to the sender

Newspaper, radio and television

Computer, mobile phones and other digital gadgets

Viewing media in this manner, the concern of being a channel is to disseminate information to a wide audience.

Aside from using or accessing media for information, we may be more concerned with using or accessing media for entertainment value.

It is the study of signs and their meaning in society.

A sign is something that can stand for something else – in other words, a sign is anything that can convey meaning.  So words can be signs, drawings can be signs, photographs can be signs, even street signs can be signs.

Modes of dress and style, the type of bag you have, or even where you live can also be considered signs, in that they convey meaning.

Looks at how people use the media to gratify a range of needs – including the need for information, personal identity, integration, social interaction, and entertainment.

A linear communication theory that suggests that the media has a direct and powerful influence on audiences, like being injected with a hypodermic needle.

According to the theory, people who watch television frequently are more likely to be influenced by messages from the world of television.

The influence goes to such an extent that their world views and perceptions start reflecting what they repeatedly see and hear on television.

It tried to understand how media affects people’s perceptions. According to the research, media cultivates and shapes viewer's perception of social reality.

A systematic approach to the study of the effects of mass media on audiences and of the interactions between media, audiences, and social systems.

It conceives of dependency as a relationship in which the fulfillment of one party’s needs and goals is reliant on the resources of another party.

The main focus of the theory is the relationship between media and audiences.

This theory suggests that the media can’t tell you what to think but it can tell you what to think about.

Through a process of selection, omission, and framing, the media focuses public discussion on particular issues.

Media has little power to influence people and it just reinforces our pre-existing attitudes and beliefs, which have been developed by more powerful social institutions like families, schools, and religious organizations.

A set of competencies that empower citizens to access, retrieve, understand, evaluate and use, create as well as share information and media content in all formats, using various tools, in a critical, ethical, and effective way, in order to participate and engage in personal, professional, and societal activities (UNESCO 2013,29).

Is the responsible use of various technological tools in order to meet one’s goals acquiring and giving the right information.

Refers to the abilities to recognize when information is needed and to locate, evaluate, effectively use, and communicate information in its various formats.

It is also the ability to decode, analyze, evaluate, and produce communication in a variety of forms.

It is also the ability to read, analyze, evaluate, and produce communication in a variety of media forms, e.g. television, radio, computer, and others

It is to understand and to use mass media in either an assertive or nonassertive way, including an informed and critical understanding of media, what techniques they employ and their effects.

- Define the problem

- Identify the information needed to complete the task

- Determine all possible sources

- Select the best sources

- Locate the sources

- Find information within the sources

- Engage information in a source

- Extract relevant information

- Organize information from multiple sources

- Present the result

- Judge the result (effectiveness)

- Judge the process (efficiency)

Information, communication, libraries, media, technology, the Internet as well as other forms of information providers are for use in critical civic engagement and sustainable development.

They are equal in stature and none is more relevant than the other or should be ever treated as such

Every citizen is a creator of information/knowledge and has a message.

They must be empowered to access new information/knowledge and to express themselves.

MIL is for all – women and men equally – and a nexus of human rights.

Information, knowledge, and messages are not always value neutral, or always independent of biases.

Any conceptualization, use and application of MIL should make this truth transparent and understandable to all citizens.

Every citizen wants to know and understand new information, knowledge and messages as well as to communicate, even if she/he is not aware, admits or expresses that he/she does.

Her/his rights must however never be compromised.

Media and information literacy is not acquired at once. It is a lived and dynamic experience and process.

It is complete when it includes knowledge, skills and attitudes, when it covers access, evaluation/assessment, use, production and communication of information, media and technology content.

Eisenberg And Berkwitz created the Big _ Approach to Measure Information Literacy

Without knowing such, technology, no matter how advanced it is, will be worthless.

There are Six Laws of Media and Information Literacy