Supporting structures of the teeth.

Non-surgical periodontal therapy.

Surgical periodontal therapy.

Year when periodontics was recognized as a dental specialty by the ADA.

The Journal of Periodontology was published by...

Journal of Clinical Periodontology was published by...

It is a branch of dentistry that deals with diagnosis and treatment of diseases and supporting structures of the teeth which includes the gingiva cementum, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone.

Study of normal and diseased periodontium includes structural, functional and environmental factors.

Include topics on assessment, etiology, pathology, histopathology, and role of inflammation in periodontal disease, as well as classification of periodontal diseases.

Periodontics is an application of _________, _______ and _______ to the clinical setting.

Periodontal disease was uncommon among bones unearthed from ancient civilizations.

The scientific study of the periodontium in health and disease.

Dental practitioner who by virtue of special knowledge and training in the field limits his practice or activities to periodontics.

Inflammation of the supporting tissue of the teeth.

First practiced oral hygiene with gold toothpicks.

They have suffered from periodontal disease and have treated themselves with gingival massage.

It contains many references to gingival diseases and offer number of prescriptions for strengthening the teeth and gums.

He is the father of modern medicine.

He discussed the function and eruption of teeth and the etiology of periodontics.

He believed that the inflammation of gums could be caused by accumulation of “pituita” or calculus.

Hippocrates of COS believed that the inflammation of gums could be caused by accumulation of “______” or calculus.

He differentiated between “epulis”, a fleshy excrescence of gums in the area of a tooth and and “parulis” which he described as an abscess of gums.

Paul of Aegina described this as a fleshy excrescence of gums in the area of a tooth.

Paul of Aegina described this an an abscess of gums.

This was a period of golden age of arabic science and medicine.

He had a clear understanding of calculus as etiology of periodontal disease and described the technique to remove it.

Albucasis used term "________" for oral and periodontal disease.

Contributions of Albucasis:

Development of scientific thought and medical knowledge.

He developed an interesting and unusual theory of disease “Doctrine of Calculus.”

Extensive formation of tartar in the tooth and related this to toothache.

Paracleus stated that toothache was comparable to pain produced by calculus in other organ such as _______.

He was an outstanding anatomist and wrote a small book on dentistry “Libellus de Dentibus.”

It is the first original book on teeth.

Head surgeon had made his contribution to dental surgery which included gingivectomy.

He published the “Artzney Buchlinn or Zene Artzney (medicine of teeth).”

The first book devoted to dental practice.

He is an italian physician and appears to have been the first to differentiate types of periodontal disease.

He developed microscope and drawing material from the mouth he first described oral bacterial flora.

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek's drawing offered a reasonably good presentation of _______ and _______

Modern dentistry was developed.

In 1678, he regarded as father of modern dentistry and designed periodontal instruments and described the technique in detail.

Book published by Pierre Fauchard.

He wrote a book entitled “The Natural History of Human Teeth” describing the anatomy of teeth and their supporting structure.

He is a contemporary of Hunter and published the treaties in the ‘disorder and deformities of the teeth and gums.’

Several major development in medical science occurred in the second half of the ______ century era.

Era of modern medicine including dentistry.

He mentioned on his paper (1821): The need for oral hygiene by the patient, to be performed in the morning and after every meal using an astringent powder and tooth brush placing bristles at the spaces of tooth.

He is the father of oral hygiene.

He is the inventor of dental floss.

He is the first individual to limit his practice to periodontics.

He developed the concept of oral prophylaxis and prevention.

First dental school.

Recognized Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis and mentioned that greek soldiers have been affected by sore mouth and foul smelling breath.

Xenophon mentioned that greek soldiers have been affected by _____ and ________.

A french physician who described ulceronecrotic gingivitis as ‘vincent angina.’

In the first 3rd of 20th century periodontics flourished in central europe with two major center of excellence ______ and ______.

People from Vienna who contributed in the dental field.

People from Berlin who contributed in the dental field.

He published extensive microscopic studies of periodontal disease in humans.

It was realized that removable of calculus and other deposit was not enough in addition removal of periodontal pocket was necessary.

Gottlieb's contributions in the german literature in 1920s mentioned:

Younger contemporary of Gottlieb in Vienna.

He carried out extensive histologic studies.

They described flap surgery including osseous recontouring.

He carried out pioneering studies correlating radiographic and histopathologic changes.

He also conceptualized periodontium as formed by cementum, gingiva, periodontal ligament and bone.

In the United states before world war II, an important contribution to periodontal surgery was made by _______, ______, and _______.

He opened the first school for dental hygienist in bridgeport.

The concept of systemic disease originating in dental and oral infection have been mentioned in the Assyrians clay tablets (7th century) by Hippocrates (460-370BC).

Focal infection, a systemic disease originating in dental and oral infection have been mentioned in the Assyrians clay tablets (7th century) by _______ (460-370BC).

In the 19th century, _______ in 1818 and ______ in 1828 recognized the role of oral sepsis in rheumatic and other diseases.

In 1806, italian ________ attempted to place solid gold roots in human jaws.

In 1950s, the swedish orthopedic surgeon ______ developed a technique using titanium screw-shaped intraosseous implant.

The United States and the scandinavia took leading role in basic and clinical periodontal reasearch during and after the 1950s

These people were among who lead the basic and clinical periodontal research during and after the 1950s.

The American Academy of Periodontology(AAP) founded in 1914 by two female periodontists, _______ and _______ had become the leader in organized periodontics.