A group of computing devices and programs working together for a common purpose is called ___________________.

A group of interconnected computing devices capable of sending or receiving data is called ___________________.

A ____________ is the series of connections between computing devices on a network starting with a sender and ending with a receiver.

_____________ is the maximum amount of data that can be sent in a fixed amount of time, usually measured in bits per second.

A ______________ is an agreed-upon set of rules that specify the behavior of some system.

The ______________ allows data to be sent across the Internet by assigning unique numbers to each connected device.

A ___________ is a type of computer that forwards data across a network

The inclusion of extra components so that a system can continue to work even if individual components fail, for example by having more than one path between any two connected devices in a network.

This allows the system to continue to function even in the event of individual component failures. This is important because elements of complex systems like a computer network fail at unexpected times, often in groups.

Larger messages are divided into smaller chunks of data, or ____________, which may arrive at the destination in order, out-of-order, or not at all.

The protocol used for transmitting web pages over the Internet

A system of linked pages, programs, and files is called _________________.

Having different access to computing devices and the Internet, based on socioeconomic, geographic, or demographic characteristics.

The principle that all Internet traffic should be treated equally by Internet Service Providers.

The attempt to control or suppress of what can be accessed, published, or viewed on the Internet by certain people.

An ordered collection of elements is called ___________________. Also called an array.

In pseudocode, an array's index begins with which number?

In javascript, a list's index begins with which number?

An individual number, or string, in a list that is assigned a unique index is called _______________.

Using _________ is a common method for referencing the elements in a list.

_____________ is a repetitive portion of an algorithm which repeats a specified number of times or until a given condition is met.

_____________ occurs when the ending condition will never evaluate to TRUE.

The process of accessing each item in a list one at a time.

______________ is used to manage complexity in programs by giving a collection of data a name without referencing the specific details of the representation.

_____________ is a general description of a task that can (or cannot) be solved with an algorithm.

In programming, a finite set of instructions that accomplish a task is known as ___________________

In programming, iteration is the process of ________________

_____________ refers to a measure of how many steps are needed to complete an algorithm.

A search algorithm which checks each element of a list, in order, until the desired value is found or all elements in the list have been checked.

A search algorithm that starts at the middle of a sorted set of numbers (or string) and removes half of the data; this process repeats until the desired value is found or all elements have been eliminated.

(TRUE or FALSE) Algorithms with a polynomial efficiency or lower (constant, linear, square, cube, etc.) are said to run in a reasonable amount of time.

(TRUE or FALSE) Algorithms with exponential or factorial efficiencies are examples of algorithms that run in an unreasonable amount of time.

A method for finding a "good enough" solution to a problem when an actual solution is impractical or impossible

Type of problem with a yes/no answer  (e.g., is there a path from A to B?)

Type of problem with the goal of finding the "best" solution among many (e.g., what is the shortest path from A to B?)

Type of problem for which no algorithm can be constructed that is always capable of providing a correct yes-or-no answer

Type of computing model in which programs run in order, one command at a time.

Type of computing model in which programs are broken into small pieces, some of which are run simultaneously

Type of computing model in which programs are run by multiple devices.

The time used to complete a task sequentially divided by the time to complete a task in parallel

Used as a placeholder for values that will be passed through the function. Also, referred to as a variable in a function definition.

The value passed to the parameter that will be used within a function.

____________________ allows a solution to a large problem to be based on the solution of smaller subproblems. This is accomplished by creating procedures to solve each of the subproblems.

__________________is a group of functions (procedures) that may be used in creating new programs

This gives specifications for how functions in a library behave and can be used

The inputs and outputs that allow a user to interact with a piece of software is called ___________________.

Any data that are sent to a computer for processing by a program. Can come in a variety of forms, such as tactile interaction, audio, visuals, or text.

Any data that are sent from a program to a device.. Can come in a variety of forms, such as tactile interaction, audio, visuals, or text.

Code that gives a command or instruction is called ______________.

A collection of programming statements that have a purpose is called ______________.

This type of programming allows a program to run in order, from top to bottom.

This type of programming allows program statements to run when triggered by user interaction,

like a mouse click or a key press

A type of programming style in which two programmers switch

between the roles of writing code and tracking or planning high level progress

_____________ is the process of finding and fixing problems in an algorithm, or program.

Which of the following is NOT a debugging strategy?

A combination of operators and values that evaluate to a single value is called ___________________.

_____________ is a named reference to a value that can be used repeatedly throughout a program. It holds one value at a time.

_____________ allows a program to change the value represented by a variable.

An ordered sequence of characters is called _________.

A data type that is either TRUE or FALSE is called _________.

These are character types (such as <, >, <=, >=, etc...) that indicate a Boolean expression.

These are characters (such as &&, ||, !=) used to evaluate to a Boolean value.

Indicate whether each Boolean expression is True or False:

TRUE && TRUE evaluates to ________

Indicate whether each Boolean expression is True or False:

FALSE && TRUE evaluates to ________

Indicate whether each Boolean expression is True or False:

FALSE || TRUE evaluates to ________

Indicate whether each Boolean expression is True or False:

! TRUE evaluates to ________

_____________ affects the flow of control by executing different statements based on the value of a Boolean expression.

_____________ is a named group of programming instructions. Also, known as a procedure.

A command that executes the code within a procedure is called _____________.

________________ is when research is conducted in whole or part by distributed individuals, many of whom may not be scientists, who contribute relevant data to research using their own computing devices

________________ is the practice of obtaining input or information from a large number of people via the Internet

________________ is a process that makes the data uniform without changing its meaning (e.g., replacing all equivalent abbreviations, spellings, and capitalizations with the same word).

________________ is choosing a smaller subset of a data set to use for analysis, for example by eliminating / keeping only certain rows in a table

________________ is data that does not accurately reflect the full population or phenomenon being studied

________________ is a relationship between two pieces of data, typically referring to the amount that one varies in relation to the other.

A computer that can recognize patterns and make decisions without being explicitly programmed is a process known as _____________

______________ include a program as an integral part of its function. Can be physical (e.g. self-driving car), non-physical computing software (e.g. picture editing software), or non-physical computing concepts (e.g., e-commerce).

What does PII stand for?

A technique that attempts to trick a user into providing personal information. That personal information can then be used to access sensitive online resources, such as bank accounts and emails

The use of a program to record every keystroke made by a computer user in order to gain fraudulent access to passwords and other confidential information

Software intended to damage a computing system or to take partial control over its operation

A wireless access point that gives unauthorized access to secure networks.

____________ is a process of encoding messages to keep them secret, so only "authorized" parties can read it.

The process of taking a secret message and reproducing the original plain text is called ________________.

________________ involves one key for both encryption and decryption.

In this process, the sender does not need the receiver’s private key to encrypt a message, but the receiver’s private key is required to decrypt the message

The generic term for a technique (or algorithm) that performs encryption

A technique for encryption that shifts the alphabet by some number of characters.

A system that requires at least two steps to unlock protected information; each step adds a new layer of security that must be broken to gain unauthorized access