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AP Bio Unit 6 Review

Total questions: 50

Worksheet time: 50mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

A 3-nucleotide sequence from DNA or mRNA that codes for an amino acid is called a

a)

triplet code

b)

template strand

c)

primary transcript

d)

codon

2.

Gene expression can be inhibited by ____ molecules binding to DNA and blocking transcription start sites.

a)

negatrons

b)

terminators

c)

negative oppressors

d)

negative regulatory

3.

The directionality of DNA is ___

a)

parallel

b)

perpendicular

c)

perpetuated

d)

antiparallel

4.

Function of Poly A tail...

a)

Add phosphates to the RNA

b)

Provide ATP for transcription

c)

Protect from hydrolytic enzymes 

d)

Site of ribosome binding 

5.
What is the name given to part of a DNA molecule that codes for a protein?
a)
Glucose
b)
Chromosome
c)
Gene
d)
Phosphate
6.

In transcription, which direction is DNA read?

a)

3' to 5’

b)

5' to 3’ 

c)

C terminus to N terminus

d)

N terminus to C terminus

7.
what does a promoter do?
a)
it allows a gene to be transcribed
b)
it creates a DNA segment
c)
it is another word for ribosomes
d)
it is another word for RNA
8.

In the top picture the operon is

a)

on

b)

off

9.
In RNA, Uracil pairs with ______. 
a)
cytosine
b)
adenine
c)
guanine
d)
thymine
10.

A portion of mRNA that is kept to translate into a protein

a)

Intron

b)

Exon

c)

Protective End

d)

Spliceosome

11.
Why are insertion and deletion mutations so harmful?
a)
They change all of the codons from the mutation on down the line, which changes the amino acid sequence
b)
They insert things that an organism doesn't need.
c)
They often delete things that organisms need.
d)
Insertion and deletions are not any more harmful than substitution mutations.
12.
Transcription in eukaryotes requires which of the following in addition to RNA polymerase?
a)
the protein  product of the promotor
b)
start and stop codons
c)
ribosomes and tRNA
d)
several transcription factors
13.
Accuracy in the translation of mRNA into the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide depends on specificity in which of the following?
a)
binding of ribosomes to mRNA
b)
shape of the A and P sites of ribosomes
c)
attachment of amino acids to tRNAs
d)
bonding of the anticodon the codon and the attachment of amino acids to tRNAs
14.

Synthesizes a new protein using instructions on mRNA

a)

translation

b)

transcription

c)

transistor

d)

transylvania

15.

What is 1 (the YELLOW molecule) in the diagram?

a)

RNA polymerase

b)

Inducer

c)

Repressor

d)

Operator

16.

Function of 5' Cap...

a)

Add phosphates to the RNA

b)

Provide ATP for transcription

c)

Protect from hydrolytic enzymes

d)

Site of ribosome binding 

17.
The central dogma of biology states that information flows in one direction from 
a)
nuclei to RNA to cytoplasm
b)
ribosomes to proteins to DNA
c)
genes to nuclei to ribosomes
d)
DNA to RNA to proteins
18.
What type of operon is the trp (tryptophan) operon?
a)
inducible
b)
repressible
c)
positive control
d)
promoible
19.
In eukaryotes, proteins that help the RNA polymerase bind to the regulatory region for transcription are called ____________.
a)
transcription factors
b)
topoisomerase
c)
regulatory genes
d)
activators
20.

In eukaryotes, DNA is tightly coiled around ____ in chromatin

a)

Histones

b)

Whey

c)

Casein

d)

Hemoglobin

21.

Changes in the DNA and gene expression will eventually affect:

a)

regulators

b)

phenotype

c)

inhibitors

d)

expressors

22.

Enhancers are short regions/segments of DNA that allows for the binding of activators. What are enhancers?

a)

transcription factors

b)

corepressors

c)

inhibitors

d)

control elements

23.

What are the base pairing rules in DNA?

a)

adenine pairs with thymine, guanine pairs with cytosine

b)

cytosine pairs with adenine

c)

thymine pairs with guanine

d)

adenine pairs with cytosine, thymine pairs with guanine

24.

Which molecule carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome?

a)

transfer RNA

b)

messenger RNA

c)

ribosomal RNA

d)

nuclear RNA

25.

Another word for the DNA strand that is being "coded" into RNA is __.

a)

coding strand

b)

plus strand

c)

antisense strand

d)

sense strand

26.

Cancer occurs when

a)

damaged DNA can't function normally

b)

damaged DNA makes deformed proteins

c)

damaged DNA stops replicating

d)

damaged DNA is unchecked and cells continue to replicate uncontrollably

27.

The enzyme that attaches new nucleotides to growing strands of new DNA is called ___.

a)

polymerase

b)

topoisomerase

c)

helicase

d)

ligase

28.

What can result from changes in the number of chromosomes of humans?

a)

cancer

b)

heart disease

c)

down syndrome

d)

diabetes

29.

Translation occurs in the ___ of the cell.

a)

Golgi bodies

b)

mitochondria

c)

nucleus

d)

ribosomes

30.

Before translation can occur, messenger RNA undergoes a series of modifications, which one does NOT apply?

a)

addition of a GTP cap

b)

addition of a poly-A tail

c)

excision of exons

d)

excision of introns

31.

A common operon discussed in prokaryotes which results in the breakdown of lactose is ___.

a)

the milk operon

b)

the lactase operon

c)

the trp operon

d)

the lac operon

32.

Transcription uses enzymes to create ___ from DNA.

a)

proteins

b)

mRNA

c)

rRNA

d)

tRNA

33.

DNA replication is referred to as ___, because one strand serves as a template for another.

a)

recyclable

b)

template

c)

conservative

d)

semiconservative

34.

When can a mutation have a positive impact?

a)

when the mutation decreases the survival for an organism

b)

when the mutation occurs repeatedly

c)

when the mutation increases survival for an organism

d)

when the mutation has no affect on survival of an organism

35.

What is the difference between DNA polymerase III and DNA polymerase I?

a)

DNA polymerase III creates DNA nucleotides for replication after initiation with the DNA primer; DNA polymerase I edits any mistakes DNA polymerase III makes and replaces the RNA primer with DNA nucleotides

b)

DNA polymerase I creates DNA nucleotides for replication after initiation with the DNA primer; DNA polymerase III edits any mistakes DNA polymerase I makes and replaces the RNA primer with DNA nucleotides

c)

DNA polymerase I creates the nucleotides responsible for the leading strand; DNA polymerase III creates the nucleotides responsible for the lagging strand

d)

DNA polymerase III creates the nucleotides responsible for the leading strand; DNA polymerase I creates the nucleotides responsible for the lagging strand

36.

Where do repressors bind to on an operon?

a)

operator

b)

control elements

c)

start codon

d)

promoter

37.

If DNA is found in all cells, why are cells different from each other?

a)

some genes don't code for anything

b)

cells are all the same

c)

some genes are turned off, while others are turned on in each cell

d)

all genes are always active

38.

What does gene regulation result in?

a)

different gene expression and different products (proteins) in various cells

b)

different gene expression with the same function in all cells

c)

various specialized cells having the same function

d)

the same gene expression in all cells

39.

When RNA is processed, what is added to the 5’ end after transcription?

a)

poly-A tail

b)

telomeres

c)

TATA box

d)

GTP cap

40.

Changes in the DNA and gene expression will initially affect which area first?

a)

junctions

b)

gene and gene products

c)

phenotype

d)

linkage

41.

What affect can mutations have on an organism?

a)

positive

b)

negative

c)

neutral

d)

all of the above

42.

What is the function and purpose of DNA polymerase I?

a)

DNA polymerase I add a DNA primer that allows for replication to thoroughly begin

b)

DNA polymerase I edits the nucleotides placed by DNA polymerase III and replaced the RNA nucleotides placed by the RNA primer

c)

DNA polymerase I goes back and connects the Okazaki fragments by acting as its glue

d)

DNA polymerase I adds the corresponding nucleotides needed to create a new strand of DNA

43.

DNA is synthesized in a ___ direction.

a)

3' to 5'

b)

leading to lagging

c)

lagging to leading

d)

5' to 3'

44.

Specialized ___ molecules bind to specific amino acids and attach them to the correct sequence of mRNA.

a)

rRNA

b)

tRNA

c)

polymerase

d)

intron

45.

RNA is built using enzyme ___, which adds free nucleotides to a growing strand of RNA transcribed from DNA.

a)

RNA topoisomerase

b)

RNA ligase

c)

DNA polymerase

d)

RNA polymerase

46.

DNA is read from ___.

a)

3' to 5'

b)

5' to 3'

c)

they can be interchanged

d)

none of the above

47.

Where does the mRNA head to after it has been spliced?

a)

it is degraded

b)

into the cytoplasm

c)

it stays in the nucleus

d)

it heads to the vacuole

48.

DNA "supercoils" when wound into chromosomes. ___ is an enzyme that unwinds supercoiling so that it is accessible to replication enzymes.

a)

topoisomerase

b)

polymerase

c)

helicase

d)

ligase

49.

___ is the process of making RNA out of DNA.

a)

alternative splicing

b)

replication

c)

translation

d)

transcription

50.

Which is not a step of polymerase chain reaction?

a)

extension

b)

annealing

c)

denaturation

d)

termination

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