A fallacious argument that restates the argument or claim  rather than proving it. The argument goes in a circle. The arguer assumes what he or she is attempting to prove.

Making assumptions about a whole group or range of cases based on a sample that is inadequate.

raising a side issue that distracts the audience from what is really at stake.

Using an expert to sell something… except they are not in expert in what they are selling- they’re an expert in something else.

offering only 2 choices… when there are clearly more!

Saying that if we allow A to happen, then eventually Z will happen… even though Z is actually unlikely to happen  

This appeals to the popularity of an idea.  This assumes that the more popular the idea, the more valid (true) it must be. 

Falsely identifying the real cause of an event

fallacy involves attributing a cause and effect relationship without adequate evidence.

occurs when the arguer reaches a conclusion that does not follow logically from the “proof” offered to support it. 

occurs when an argument's premises assume the truth of the conclusion, instead of supporting it.

"There are so many dishes all over the place! You never do your dishes!"

"What about you?! You never take out the trash!"

"You have to invite Jenna to your party because it would not be nice not to invite Jenna."

"Money makes people arrogant."

You visit a new country and the first person you meet in the airport is rude. You send a message to a friend back home that everyone in this new country is rude.