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The "New" Imperialism

Total questions: 65

Worksheet time: 33mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

In the 19th century, the idea of Social Darwinism was used by Europeans to justify their policy of

a)

multiculturalism

b)

imperialism

c)

national self-determination

d)

secular humanism

2.

One major reason European countries engaged in imperialism in the late 19th century was to

a)

gain a better understanding of unknown territories

b)

ease tensions with their rivals

c)

develop treatments for diseases

d)

obtain markets for their manufactured goods

3.

What was a major reason European nations competed for control of Africa during the second half of the 1800s?

a)

Africa had a wealth of natural resources

b)

Slave labor was needed in the Americas

c)

African nations offered religious and political freedom

d)

Europeans needed land for their excess population

4.

- Treaty of Nanjing gives control of Hong Kong to Great Britain.

- French government sets up a protectorate in Cambodia.

- Italian forces occupy Ethiopia.

Which policy is most closely associated with these statements?

a)

détente

b)

appeasement

c)

nonalignment

d)

imperialism

5.

The primary reason France and Japan were interested in controlling parts of Indochina in the 20th century was to

a)

dominate the Indian Ocean

b)

obtain valuable natural resources

c)

stop the spread of communism

d)

prevent Spanish colonization

6.

The British government took control of the Suez Canal and Singapore during the 19th century in order to

a)

self petroleum to these territories

b)

gain more converts to Christianity

c)

ensure safe passage on strategic waterways

d)

transport laborers directly to the Americas

7.

Which statement best expresses the Western perspective regarding Ruyard Kirpling's "white man's burden"?

a)

Europeans should preserve traditional cultures in Africa and Asia

b)

Europeans must protect existing African and Asian economies

c)

Europeans suffered great hardships in exploring new trade routes to Asia

d)

Europeans had a duty to introduce the benefits of their civilization to non-European

8.

The White Man's Burden

Take up the White Man's burden-

Send forth the best ye breed-

Go bind your sons to exileTo serve your captives' need;

To wait, in heavy harness

On fluttered folk and wild

-Your new-caught, sullen peoples,

Half-devil and half-child.

- Rudyard Kipling, 1899

This stanza from Kipling's poem is most closely associated with the belief that it was the duty of Western colonial powers to

a)

Learn from the people they conquered

b)

teach their colonies how to produce manufactured goods

c)

civilize the people they controlled

d)

welcome less developed countries as equals

9.

One of the most important motives for the European "Scramble for Africa" in the late 1800s was that Africa provided a source of

a)

raw materials used in industry

b)

religious inspiration

c)

free labor for the Americas

d)

technologically innovative practices

10.

Which statement best expresses the motive for 19th-century European imperialism?

a)

Living space was needed for excess population in western Europe

b)

European leaders believed imperialism was an effective method of reducing the number of wars

c)

European nations would benefit from some aspects of the conquered nation's culture

d)

Imperialism would benefit the economies of the colonial powers

11.

After 1880, European colonization was motivated by the

a)

urge to acquire African technology

b)

need for an increase in the production of sugar

c)

desire for new markets

d)

demand for labor in the Americas

12.

In the 1800's, a major cause of European imperialism was the

a)

desire to establish democratic governments throughout the world

b)

emergence of Marxism as an economic system

c)

desire for cheap raw materials and expanded markets

d)

religious conflict between European nations

13.

The location of seaports and the abundance of natural resources such as hardwoods, rubber, and spices were factors that led to

a)

the use of trans-Saharan trade routes by Early African empires

b)

the invasion of Korea and Manchuria by Japan

c)

European imperialism in Southeast Asia

d)

Russian expansion into Siberia

14.

Why were the French and British interested in controlling Egypt in the mid-19th century?

a)

Egypt had control of the spice trade

b)

Egypt had an industrial-based economy

c)

Egypt had vital mineral resources

d)

Egypt had a strategic location

15.

The events shown in this cartoon most directly resulted from which of the following?

a)

desire for new markets and natural resources among European nations

b)

fear of the spread of communism

c)

the creation of the United Nations

d)

the rise of Adolf Hitler and Germany's invasion of Poland

16.

"To begin with, there are the exporters and manufacturers of certain goods used in the colonies. The makers of cotton and iron goods have been very much interested in imperialism. Their business interests demand that colonial markets should be opened and developed and that foreign competitors should be shut out. Such aims require political control and imperialism. Finally, the most powerful of all business groups are the bankers. Banks make loans to colonies and backward countries for building railways and steamship lines. They also make loans to colonial plantation owners, importers, and exporters. The imperialist business interests have powerful allies. Military and naval leaders believe strongly in extending the white man's rule over the 'inferior races,' To this company may be added another element—the missionary. Missionaries went forth to preach a kingdom beyond this world. But they often found themselves the builders of very earthly empires. . ..Last, but by no means least, let us add politicians to our list of empire builders.

-"Imperialism and World Politics, Parker T. Moore, 1926

The political and economic system described in this passage most directly resulted from

a)

the plan for reparations in the Treaty of Versailles

b)

the sale of indulgences by the Catholic Church

c)

a belief in self-determination for all nations

d)

a desire for new markets and natural resources by industrialized countries

17.

Which event played a major role in the expansion shown on this map?

a)

Russo-Japanese War

b)

French Revolution

c)

Industrial Revolution

d)

World War I

18.

Based on this map, countries from which part of the world gained the most power in Southeast Asia during the late 1800s?

a)

North America

b)

Africa

c)

Europe

d)

Southwest Asia

19.

. . .As late as the 1870s, only 10% of the continent was under direct European control, with Algeria held by France, the Cape Colony and Natal (both in modern South Africa) by Britain, and Angola by Portugal. And yet by 1900, European nations had added almost 10 million square miles of Africa—one-fifth of the land mass of the globe—to their overseas colonial possessions. Europeans ruled more than 90% of the African continent. . . .

Which event most directly influenced the change referred to in this passage?

a)

outbreak of the Boxer Rebellion

b)

meeting of the Berlin Conference

c)

signing of the Munich Pact

d)

collapse of the Ottoman Empire

20.

The terms of the Treaty of Nanjing and of the Treaty of Kanagawa demonstrate the

a)

unequal relationships that characterized imperialism

b)

humanitarian ideals that accompanied missionary activity

c)

importance of technology in developing economies

d)

changing roles of men and women associated with modernization

21.

This cartoon suggests that political power is often acquired through

a)

the inheritance of land

b)

market demands

c)

religious conversion

d)

the use of technology

22.

Which description of trade patterns best represents the relationship between Africa and Europe during the late 19th century?

a)

Trans-Saharan trade caravans led by Europeans were the most profitable

b)

South Africa was of no interest to European traders

c)

Raw materials were shipped from Africa to European industries

d)

Rivers were the key highways connecting Europeans to much of the African interior

23.

Which policy is most directly associated with the terms spheres of influence, extraterritoriality, and protectorate?

a)

collectivization

b)

containment

c)

isolationism

d)

imperialism

24.

The term empire is best defined as

a)

a political unit that has a common religious faith

b)

a government ruled by the consent of the people

c)

an extensive territory under the rule of a single authority

d)

a country that requires conquered peoples to assimilate

25.

Commodore Matthew Perry's visits to Japan in 1853 and 1854 resulted in the

a)

colonization of Japan by the United States

b)

transfer of spheres of influence to China

c)

introduction of Christianity to Japanese society

d)

opening of trade and diplomatic relations with Japan

26.

The major factor that enabled Western Europe to dominate large parts of Asia and Africa in the 19th and early 20th centuries was the

a)

technological and military superiority of European nations

b)

acceptance of Christianity by many Asians and Africans

c)

desire of Asians and Africans for European raw materials

d)

refusal of Asians and Africans to fight against European imperialism

27.

One effect of the British landlord system in Ireland in the mid-1800s and in India in the early 1900s was that these landlord systems

a)

contributed to famine and suffering

b)

allowed local economies to prosper

c)

emphasized food crops over mining

d)

led to an agrarian revolution

28.

The Sepoy Rebellion is considered an important event in Indian history because it was one cause of the

a)

independence movement in India

b)

secession of Bangladesh from Pakistand

c)

establishment of French colonies in India

d)

creation of the Mughal Empire by Muslims

29.

Which historical development showed the desired group to gain independence from a colonial power?

a)

rise of the Nazi Party in Germany

b)

Solidarity movement in Poland

c)

Tianamen Square uprising in China

d)

Sepoy Mutiny in India

30.

The government of Great Britain built railroads, schools, and irrigation systems in colonial India primarily to

a)

to prepare India for independence

b)

to strengthen its political and economic control in India

c)

secure favorable trading arrangements with different Indian leaders

d)

to help India maintain its traditional cultural systems

31.

The primary goal of the Indian National Congress (1885-1947) was to

a)

reform the Hindu religion

b)

partition India between Muslims and Hindus

c)

create a socialist economy

d)

gain independence from Great Britain

32.

British imperialism in India led to the

a)

rejection of traditional values by most Indians

b)

end of conflict between Hindus and Muslims

c)

abolition of the caste system in India

d)

introduction of a parliamentary form of government

33.

Some of the ethnic strife in Africa today can be traced back to the European division of Africa resulting from the

a)

Treaty of Tordesillas

b)

Congress of Vienna

c)

Berlin Conference

d)

Yalta Conference

34.

The Berlin Conference in 1884 was significant because it

a)

promoted Belgium as a world power

b)

established rules for the European division of Africa

c)

called for a war against England

d)

ensured ethnic harmony in the Middle East

35.

Much of which area of the world came under European colonial control in the 19th century?

a)

Japan

b)

Southwest Asia

c)

Africa

d)

Latin America

36.

Many of the political divisions shown on this map were directly related to the

a)

Meiji Restoration

b)

Opium Wars

c)

Berlin Conference

d)

Boer War

37.

Early exploration of Africa by Europeans was hindered by the

a)

lack of natural resources in Africa

b)

alliances between African kingdoms

c)

isolationist policies of European monarchs

d)

many different physical features of Africa

38.

This Thomas Nast cartoon shows the

a)

competition between European nations for overseas territories after the Berlin Conference

b)

aggressive action of the Triple Alliance before World War I

c)

spread of communism throughout the world during the 19th century

d)

concern of European nations for the welfare of developing nations at the end of the 19th century

39.

Which was a major effect of European rule in Africa?

a)

decreased dependence of African nations on imports

b)

development of subsistence farming

c)

improved transportation and communication systems

d)

increased use of barter

40.

The boundaries of modern African nations do not usually follow tribal boundaries mainly because

a)

African nations are trying to decrease tribal influence

b)

most tribes are unwilling to cooperate with the new national governments

c)

tribes have lost their importance in the lives of modern Africans

d)

modern national boundaries tend to follow former colonial boundaries

41.

Why were European nations able to conquer large sections of Africa in the 19th and early 20th centuries?

a)

Europeans easily adapted to African climate and topography

b)

Europeans possessed more advanced military technology

c)

Europeans wanted to learn more about African cultures

d)

Africans wanted to trade with European nations

42.

Which cultures fought with the Zulus in the 19th century over the control of the land in South Africa?

a)

German and French

b)

Indian and Belgian

c)

British and Boer

d)

Ethiopian and Italian

43.

Which phrase best expresses the ideas of 19th-century British foreign policy?

a)

"blood and iron"

b)

"white man's burden"

c)

"liberty, equality, fraternity"

d)

"peace,land, and bread"

44.

Which was a direct result of European slave trade in Africa?

a)

It promoted a feeling of racial superiority among Europeans

b)

West African kingdoms prospered

c)

Africans moved in large numbers to rural areas

d)

African military forces ended the slave trade

45.

An effect of the African slave trade was that it

a)

decreased tribal warfare

b)

introduced the idea of animism to Africa

c)

contributed to racism in both the Middle East and the Western Hemisphere

d)

preserved traditional extended family patterns

46.

What is a long-term result of the conflict described in this letter?

a)

The British were forced to pay reparations to China

b)

The Chinese government closed all ports to the British

c)

The British forced China to sign unequal treaties

d)

The British agreed to respect Chinese sovereignty

47.

The primary purpose of this letter was to persuade the British to

a)

stop the flow of opium into China

b)

increase trade with China

c)

end all businesses with China

d)

defend China against invasion

48.

What is a long-term consequence of the historical development discussed in this 1839 letter?

a)

establishment of British spheres of influence in China

b)

accumulation of great wealth by the Chinese at British expense

c)

successful enforcement of a Chinese embargo on all British imports

d)

creation of a mutually beneficial trade alliance between Britain and China

49.

What was an immediate result of the Opium War described in this passage?

a)

signing the Treaty of Nanking

b)

forming the Guomindang

c)

beginning the Boxer Rebellion

d)

organizing the Taiping Rebellion

50.

The Opium Wars of the mid-19th century marked the beginning of the

a)

rivalry between China and Taiwan

b)

domination of China by foreign powers

c)

decline of European influence in East Asia

d)

global effort to combat drug use

51.

What was a direct result of the Opium War in 19th-century China?

a)

Japan gained control of Hong Kong

b)

Kublai Khan rose to power in China

c)

Chinese ports were opened for trade with European powers

d)

Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-shek) fled to Taiwan

52.

The Opium Wars in China and expedition of Commodore Matthew Perry to Japan resulted in

a)

the economic isolation of China and Japan

b)

an increase in Chinese influence in Asia

c)

the beginning of democratic governments in China and Japan

d)

an increase in Western trade and influence in Asia

53.

The situation depicted in the cartoon was brought about by the

a)

economic agreements with Western nations signed by Deng Xiaoping

b)

low level of cultural and economic development in China throughout its history

c)

military weakness of China and the European desire for expansion

d)

alliance of the Soviet union with the Communists and the aid given to the Nationalists by Western Europe

54.

The Sepoy Rebellion and Boxer Rebellion are best characterized as responses to

a)

civil conflicts in African colonies

b)

wars of Russian aggression

c)

imperialist practices of European countries

d)

rivalries between Asian nations

55.

What was a major goal of the Boxer Rebellion in China and the Sepoy Rebellion in India?

a)

restoring divine right monarchs

b)

obtaining aid from Europe

c)

annexing neighboring territories

d)

reducing foreign influences

56.

The Boxer Rebellion and the work of Sun Yixian (Sun Yat-sen) are most closely associated with the

a)

Long March

b)

Golden Age of China

c)

Cultural Revolution

d)

rise of nationalism in China

57.

Which phrase correctly completes this diagram?

a)

Chinese exports of tea to Europe

b)

Spread of Confucian principles

c)

Failure of the Boxer Rebellion

d)

Expanding power of Mao Zedong

58.

The Boxer Rebellion, the Salt March, and the Iranian Revolution were reactions against

a)

Mongol rule

b)

rapid industrialization

c)

Western influence

d)

economic depression

59.

During the 19th century, Western nations were able to gain control over parts of China mainly because

a)

the Chinese had a strong tradition of non-violence

b)

China lacked the military technology needed to stop the western nations

c)

China was promised aid for its industries

d)

the Chinese lacked a strong cultural identity

60.

Based on this passage, which type of attitude does the Emperor display?

a)

empathetic

b)

ethnocentric

c)

imperialistic

d)

militaristic

61.

In China, the building of the Great Wall, the use of the tribute system, and the government's support of the Boxer Rebellion are examples of attempts by different dynasties to limit

a)

foreign influence

b)

nationalism

c)

communist expansion

d)

industrialization

62.

Which slogan best reflects the point of view of Cecil Rhodes as shown in this cartoon?

a)

"Imperialism is a Glorious Pursuit"

b)

"Embrace African Diversity"

c)

"Unite All Africans"

d)

"Connecting Constantinople to Cairo"

63.

What is the main idea of the cartoon?

a)

Many people assisted Western nations in acquiring overseas colonies

b)

Western imperialism led to the exploitation of people and resources in the colonies.

c)

Many job opportunities were created by Western colonization.

d)

Western imperialism improved the quality of life for people in the colonies.

64.

Which was a major effect of European imperialism on Africa?

a)

Most African nations developed self-sufficient economies

b)

Africans and Europeans developed a respect for each other’s culture

c)

Africans became economically dependent on European nations

d)

Most Africans voluntarily abandoned tribal or ethnic loyalties for European values

65.

During the 19th century, European imperialism often led to the

a)

development of self-sufficient economies in the colonies

b)

exploitation of the colonial peoples and their lands

c)

rapid industrialization of Africa and Asia

d)

expansion of free-trade systems throughout the world