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WorksheetsModule B - 2
Total questions: 56
Worksheet time: 28mins
Which of the following is a result of cheetahs having gone through a population bottleneck?
The cheetah species is more likely to become extinct.
Mutations occur more frequently in the cheetah genome.
Individual cheetahs have different alleles for many genes.
The cheetah population cannot increase past a certain size.
Which is one way that natural selection differs from genetic drift?
Natural selection causes the frequencies of alleles in a population to change.
Natural selection affects smaller populations more often than larger populations.
Natural selection results from some individuals producing more offspring than others.
Natural selection depends on some traits helping individuals survive in their environment.
Recently, bears have been found in the Arctic Circle that are hybrids between grizzly bears and polar bears. Which type of isolating mechanism keeps these species from producing offspring?
mating and breeding in different habitats
production of a nonviable embryo or fetus
inability of sperm to reach the egg during mating.
failure of the fertilized egg to implant in the uterus.
A particular gene has two alleles, G and g. Each allele has a frequency of 50% in a population. Which is most likely to preserve these allele frequencies?
The population doubles in size over several generations.
A number of individuals with one allele migrate from the population.
One allele results in a phenotype that better enables organisms to reproduce.
A popoulation bottleneck temporarily reduces the population size by one-tenth.
Under which of the following conditions would a dominant allele that coded for a fatal disease most likely remain in a population?
The allele is acted on by natural selection.
The gene is expressed only in members of one sex.
The gene is expressed in individuals late in their lives.
The allele mutates to a nonfatal form during an individual's lifetime.
Imagine that DNA replication and cell division were completely error-free and that cell DNA were completely protected from substances that cause mutation. How would natural selection be affected?
It would become more efficient, since it removes mutations from the populations.
It would become ineffective, since it depends of variations within populations.
It would become unnecessary, since organisms would be better adapted to their environments.
It would become more obvious, since it would improve on organisms with better cell processes.
Which statement best describes the significance of Archaeopterix fossils?
They revealed the direct ancestor of birds.
They prove that dinosaurs were fearthered.
They provided the first evidence for evolution.
They show that birds and dinosaurs have a common ancestor.
Which of the following structures are not homologous?
The wings of a fly and the wings of a pigeon.
The gills of a goldfish and the gills of a shark.
The arms of a human and the arms of a chimpanzee.
The roots of a white oak tree and the roots of a red oak tree.
The spotted touch-me-not, a flowering plant, has seed pods that burst open when touched and forcefully eject their seeds. Such an adaptation is favorable because it
Aids in the dispersal of the species
Prevents germination within the seed pods
attracts insects that aid in pollination
it looks cool
Fossils of species such as Basilosaurus have been discovered in the deserts of the Middle East. Which term best describes this fossil in relation to the evolution of the modern baleen whale?
analogous
homologous
transitional
vestigial
Which statement best describes the presence of hip and leg bones on the baleen whale (modern whale)
It is a trnaitional form connecting different types of whales.
It is analogous to the pelvis and legs of mammals that walk on land.
It is a vestigial structure that indicates the whale's evolutionary history.
It is homologous to organs with reduced function, such as the human appendix.
Two nucleotide sequences found in two different species are almost exactly the same. This suggests that these species
Are evolving into the same species
contain identical DNA
May have similar evolutionary histories
have the same number of mutations
The fossil record is used by scientists as evidence for evolution, however, there are an abundance of “missing transition fossils” in the record. These gaps in the fossil record
Have not been filled in as new fossils have been discovered
Are expected since the chances that any organism will be fossilized is low
Demonstrate our inability to date geological sediments.
A characteristic that an organism exhibits during its lifetime will only affect the evolution of its species if the characteristic
results from isolation of the organism from the rest of the population
is due to a genetic code that is present in the gametes of the organism
decreases the number of genes in the body cells of the organism
causes a change in the environment surrounding the organism
A species of bird known as Bird of Paradise has been observed in the jungles of New Guinea. The males shake their bodies and sometimes hang upside down to show off their bright colors and long feathers to attract females. Females usually mate with the "flashiest" males. These observations can be used to support the concept that
unusual courtship behaviors lead to extinction
some organisms are better adapted for asexual reproduction
homeostasis in an organism is influenced by physical characteristics
behaviors that lead to reproductive success have evolved
The structural similarities between the flippers of whales and the arms of humans are used to show that the
human species began in the oceans
human species and whales have a common ancestry
whales evolved from the human species.
whales are older than the human species.
Which condition would most likely result in an increase in the phenotypic variation within a population?
The variety of food available in the habitat decreases.
A mutation leads to individuals with genetic differences.
Competition is reduced for all individuals during the winter.
Climate remains unchanged in the population's ecosystem.
Which pair of structures in homologous but not analogous?
bird wing and bat wing
bat wing and moth wing
moth wing and dolphin flipper
dolphin flipper and bird wing
Which pair of structures results from natural selection for similar function rather than a shared evolutionary history?
bird wing and bat wing
bat wing and moth wing
dolphin flipper and bird wing
moth wing and dolphin flipper
Which statement is an inference that can be made from observations of the differences in the beaks of Darwin's finches?
The finch species have very different beak phenotypes.
Two of the finch species have beaks with the same general shape
The beak of the large ground finch is adapted for crushing large, tough seeds.
The beak of the warbler finch is more narrow and pointed that that of the small tree finch.
The principle of faunal succession states that rock layers of the same age contain combinations of similar fossils. Which statement is NOT true regarding the principle of faunal succession?
It can provide support for a theory, such as the theory of evolution.
It can be used to create a timeline of species that existed through time.
It leads scientists to expect certain types of fossils in certain rock types.
It proposes that species have become extinct and new species have arisen.
A situation in which a population's allele frequencies remain relatively constant is called
genetic equilibrium
polygenic traits
a gene pool
fitness.
When two species reproduce at different times, the situation is called
temporal isolation
speciation
geographic isolation
behavioral isolation
Which of the following conditions is likely to result in speciation?
random mating
small population size
no migration
lack of mutations
A change in allele frequency that results from the migration of a small subgroup of a population is called
natural selection
the Hardy-Weinberg principle
the founder effect
genetic equilibrium
A random change in a small population's allele frequency is known as
a gene pool
genetic drift
variation
fitness
The type of selection in which individuals of average size have greater fitness than small or larger individuals is called
disruptive selection
stabilizing selection
directional selection
genetic drift
Traits that are controlled by more than one gene, such as human height are known as
single-gene traits
polygenic traits
recessive traits
dominant traits
The success of an organism in surviving and reproducing is a measure of its
fitness
speciation
polygenic traits
dominant traits
The combined genetic information of all members of a particular population forms a
gene pool
niche
phenotype
population
Structures that have different mature forms but develop from the same embryonic tissue are
vestigial organs
adaptations
homologous structures
fossils
Fitness is a result of
adaptations
homologies
common descent
variation
An inherited characteristic that increases an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in its specific environment is called a(n)
vestigial organ
adaptation
seciation
radiation
Which would an animal breeder use to produce cows that give more milk?
overproduction
genetic isolation
acquired characteristics
artificial selection
Differences among individuals of a species are referred to as
natural variation
fitness
natural selection
adaptation
In addition to observing living organisms, Darwin studied the preserved remains of ancient organisms, called
fossils
adaptations
homologous structures
vestigial organs
Who observed variation in the characteristics of animals and plants on the different islands of the Galapagos?
James Hutton
Charles Darwin
Charles Lyell
Thomas Malthus
Light penetrates the clear water of the open ocean more deeply than it does lake water. Phytoplankton is found deeper in the open ocean than in freshwater lakes. What does this observation BEST indicate?
Phytoplankton provides nutrients to consumers in the ecosystem.
Phytoplankton reduces the light available to organisms at lower depths.
Phytoplankton population are limited by their ability to photosynthesize.
Phytoplankton population growth is limited by the presence of marine animals.
Cattle ranching is important to the US economy. How can cattle ranching cause the average global temperature to increase?
Methane gas released by cattle radiates heat back to Earth.
Grazing causes Earth's surface to absorb more solar radiation.
Cattle eat plants that remove methane from the atmosphere.
Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere reacts with cattle waste to produce greenhouse gases.
Kelp is an underwater producer and is eaten by sea urchins. Sea urchins are a main food source of sea otters. Which statement correctly describes the effects of the sea otter population on the sea urchin and kelp populations?
Otters have a negative effect on both sea urchins and kelp.
Otters have a negative effect on sea urchins and a positive effect on kelp.
Otters have a positive effect on sea urchins and a negative effect on kelp.
Otters have a positive effect on both sea urchins and kelp.
A multicellular consumer can obtain nitrogen for use by its cells in which of the following forms?
nitrites
nitrates
amino acids
nitrogen gas
The carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is an inorganic form of carbon. Organic compounds contain both carbon and hydrogen. Which process in the carbon cycle changes carbon to an organic form?
respiration
photosynthesis
burning of fossil fuels
burial of dead organisms
Water changes phase over the course of the water cycle. Which process in the water cycle MOST directly results from condensation?
the formation of clouds and precipitation.
the flow of runoff into a river and ocean.
the movement of water from plants to the atmosphere
the entrance of precipitation into groundwater reserves.
Which statement describes the function of producers in Earth's biogeochemical cycles?
Producers add nitrogen to the atmosphere and remove oxygen from the atmosphere.
Producers remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and add oxygen to the atmosphere.
Producers add carbon dioxide to the atmosphere and remove oxygen from the atmosphere.
Producers remove nitrogen from the atmosphere and add carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.
DNA is made up of sugars, phosphate groups, and nitrogen bases. Which process is NOT involved in moving a nitrogen atom into the DNA in a cell of a cow?
decomposition of plant matter
digestion of plant matter by the cow.
nitrogen fixation in root nodules of a plant cell
conversion of nitrate by denitrifying bacteria
Warmer temperatures cause the stomates in plant leaves to close to help plants conserve water. This reduces the amount of air entering and exiting plant leaves. How would the composition of Earth's atmosphere change if average global temperatures increased?
Plants would take up less carbon dioxide and release less oxygen
Plants would take up less carbon dioxide and release more oxygen.
Plants would take up more carbon dioxide and release less oxygen.
Plants would take up more carbon dioxide and release more oxygen.
Which trophic level is generally the smallest in a terrestrial ecosystem?
producer
primary consumer
secondary consumer
tertiary consumer
Small birds eat insects from the backs of rhinoceroses. The birds obtain food, and the rhinos eliminate biting insects from their skins. Which ecological relationship is NOT presented in this situation?
commensalism
mutualism
parasitism
predation
Which piece of evidence best supports the following statement?
"In an ecosystem, the total amount of matter remains constant, even though its form and location change?"
producers capture energy from sunlight
most food chains have three levels or fewer
decomposers return nutrients to the environment
multiple food chains can be combined into a food web
Which organism is a primary consumer an the ecosystem?
a rabbit
a frog
a lion
an aquatic plant
In which aquatic biome does the salinity of water change with the tides?
benthic
estuary
lake
pelagic
Which statement correctly describes a part of an ecosystem?
A community consists of both biotic and abiotic factors
A community is made up of different types of organisms
A population is an abiotic factor affecting the ecosystem
A population consists of different species living in an area.
Which of the following is a biotic-biotic interaction?
a snake warming itself on a sunny rock
a rainstorm washing nutrients from the soil
a human shivering because of cold weather
a squirrel gathering acorns from an oak tree
A student want to observe how changes in the water temperature of a local stream affect the fish living in the stream. Which of the following levels of organization would be most appropriate for this study?
individual
biosphere
ecosystem
community
Which of the following is an observation rather than an inference?
The chipmunk has stored food in its cheek pouches
The hoof print alongside the trail looks like a deer hoof.
The yellow leaves have stopped producing green chlorophyll
The thick canopy of tree leaves keeps the understory from growing.
Which term describes an explanation for a wide range of observations, supported by many different lines of evidence?
hypothesis
law
principle
theory
