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Unit 7 Air Pollution

Total questions: 249

Worksheet time: 2hrs 5mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

The 3 main anthropogenic sources of gaseous air pollutants in the US are

a)

soil erosion, volcanoes, and forest fires

b)

transportation, soil erosion, and energy production

c)

industry, transportation, and energy production

d)

industry, transportation and agriculture

2.
The majority of atmospheric mercury is produced by:
a)
Municipal Waste Incinerators
b)
Coal burning power plants
c)
Medical waste
d)
Runoff from thermometer factories
3.
What three components have to be present to create photochemical smog?
a)
VOCS, PANS, Carbon Dioxide
b)
VOCS, Ozone, Nitrogen Monoxide
c)
Nitrogen Dioxide, Sunlight, and VOCS
d)
Sulfur Dioxide, Nitrogen Dioxide, and Ozone
4.

This molecule prevents UV radiation from getting to the troposphere

a)

stratospheric ozone

b)

tropospheric ozone

c)

Calcium Carbonate

d)

CFC

5.
One of the six types of air pollution monitored by the EPA.  Is formed from incomplete combustion.
a)
CO2
b)
CO
c)
SO2
d)
O3
6.
Which of the following is NOT a carcinogen?
a)
Arsenic
b)
Radon
c)
Asbestos
d)
Carbon Monoxide
7.

a secondary pollutant

a)

forms in the stratosphere

b)

is transformed by sunlight, water, or other elements in the atmosphere

c)

cannot be directly tracked to its source

d)

forms primarily from incomplete combustion

8.

Which is a source of sulfur dioxide found in nature?

a)

forest fires

b)

lightning

c)

plant emissions

d)

volcano

9.
High levels of photochemical smog are due to
   I nitrogen dioxide
  II sulfur dioxide
III VOC's
a)
I only
b)
I and II only
c)
II and III only
d)
I and III only
10.

Thermal inversions

a)

increase the rate of smog formation

b)

trap high concentrations of pollution at ground level

c)

result in increased levels of acid deposition

d)

reduce the negative effects of VOC's

11.

Acid deposition forms as a result of

a)

nitrogen oxides and photochemical smog

b)

carbon monoxide and VOC's

c)

sulfur dioxide and VOC's

d)

nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxides

12.

The effects of acid deposition include

a)

increased cancer rates in aquatic organisms

b)

increased pH of lake water

c)

decreased mobilization of metals

d)

decreased aquatic biodiversity

13.

Which method is used to reduce the nitrogen oxide emissions

a)

installation of catalytic converters

b)

increased temperature of combustion

c)

the use of calcium carbonate to absorb the emissions

d)

the use of fluidized bed combustion

14.

Which is NOT used to prevent the emission of particulate matter?

a)

gravitational settling

b)

fabric filters

c)

electrostatic precipitators

d)

catalytic converters

15.

Which outdoor air pollutant is also a significant indoor air pollutant?

a)

sulfur dioxide

b)

carbon monoxide

c)

ozone

d)

lead

16.

CO2 and other pollutants are usually measured in units of

a)

pH

b)

percent

c)

decibels

d)

parts per million

17.

During thermal inversion, ______________ air is surrounded by _____________ air on top & bottom.

a)

warm; cooler

b)

cool; warmer

c)

warm; denser

d)

cool; denser

18.

What can you predict about indoor air pollution in India and Sub-Saharan Africa?

a)

Homes have more efficient insulation and increased ventilation decreasing indoor air pollution

b)

Use of biomass fuel sources such as wood and charcoal for cooking increases indoor air pollution

c)

Industrial power plants burning fossil fuels for electrical energy generation decreases indoor air pollution

d)

Use of chemical pesticides on croplands increases indoor air pollution

19.

What is a geologic source of CO2?

a)

Respiration

b)

Decomposition

c)

Volcanoes

d)

Photosynthesis

20.

Which is NOT a criteria air pollutant?

a)

Sulfur dioxide

b)

lead

c)

carbon dioxide

d)

particulate matter

21.
Of the following cities, which regularly experiences the worst levels of photochemical smog that is enhanced by thermal inversions?
a)
New York City, NY
b)
Los Angeles, California
c)
Portland, Oregon
d)
Atlanta, Georgia
22.

Smoke from forest fires is most likely to affect air quality over larger areas for many days when

a)

smog is produced due to chemical reactions in the atmosphere

b)

a persistent atmospheric inversion exists in the region

c)

it emits primary pollutants

d)

it emits secondary pollutants

23.

The Clean Air Act- regulates vehicle emissions.

a)

true

b)

false

24.

Used on factory stacks to remove sulfur gases and particulate matter.

a)

Filters

b)

Emission reducers

c)

Scrubbers

d)

Filter Strips

25.

A type of pollution found both indoors and outdoors, which includes pollen, dander, soot, carbon, and dust.

a)

Water droplets

b)

Allergens

c)

Particulate matter

d)

Combustibles

26.

Which of the following are examples of VOC's ? (Select 3)

a)

paint and paint thinners

b)

gasoline

c)

water vapor

d)

formaldehyde

e)

smog

27.

Which of the following is NOT a primary pollutant?

a)

nitric oxides

b)

smog

c)

sulfur dioxide

d)

volatile organic compounds

28.

Which of the following government agencies is responsible for the Clean Air Act?

a)

the USGS

b)

the USDA

c)

the EPA

d)

the USDOJ

29.

Which of the following practices would act to reduce vehicular generated air pollution in urban areas?

I. Establish “No Idling” zones where vehicles park or wait

II. Require Enhanced Auto Emission Inspections

III. Retrofit gasoline pumps with sleeves to collect VOC’s

a)

I only

b)

II only

c)

II and III only

d)

I and III only

e)

I, II, and III

30.

In order to reduce the amount of ground-level pollutants (e.g. VOCs, NOX, CO and tropospheric ozone), some municipalities around the globe have instituted all of the following EXCEPT,

a)

installing scrubbers on automobiles

b)

permitting automobiles to be driven only every other day

c)

expanding public transportation networks

d)

carpool/high occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes on interstates

e)

charging user fees to use certain roads at certain times

31.

Which harmful substance was once commonly used as insulation?

a)

Asbestos

b)

Mercury

c)

Lead

d)

Radon

e)

Ozone

32.
Composed of fibers known to cause lung disease
a)
Asbestos
b)
Radon
c)
Lead
d)
Formaldehyde
33.

The 3 main anthropogenic sources of gaseous air pollutants in the US are

a)

soil erosion, volcanoes, and forest fires

b)

transportation, soil erosion, and energy production

c)

industry, transportation, and energy production

d)

industry, transportation and agriculture

34.
The majority of atmospheric mercury is produced by:
a)
Municipal Waste Incinerators
b)
Coal burning power plants
c)
Medical waste
d)
Runoff from thermometer factories
35.
What three components have to be present to create photochemical smog?
a)
VOCS, PANS, Carbon Dioxide
b)
VOCS, Ozone, Nitrogen Monoxide
c)
Nitrogen Dioxide, Sunlight, and VOCS
d)
Sulfur Dioxide, Nitrogen Dioxide, and Ozone
36.
One of the six types of air pollution monitored by the EPA.  Is formed from incomplete combustion.
a)
CO2
b)
CO
c)
SO2
d)
O3
37.

Which is a source of sulfur dioxide found in nature?

a)

forest fires

b)

lightning

c)

plant emissions

d)

volcano

38.

Acid deposition forms as a result of

a)

nitrogen oxides and photochemical smog

b)

carbon monoxide and VOC's

c)

sulfur dioxide and VOC's

d)

nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxides

39.

Which method is used to reduce the nitrogen oxide emissions

a)

installation of catalytic converters

b)

increased temperature of combustion

c)

the use of calcium carbonate to absorb the emissions

d)

the use of fluidized bed combustion

40.

Which below is a source of particulate matter?

a)

burning wood

b)

dust from gravel roads

c)

volcanoes

d)

forest fires

e)

all of these are sources of particulate matter

41.

Photochemical smog results from a reaction between

a)

nitrogen, oxygen and sunlight

b)

nitrogen, carbon and sunlight

c)

oxygen, water and lead

d)

sunlight, sulfur and carbon

e)

carbon, hydrogen, and methane

42.

Volcanic eruptions can be sources of air pollution

a)

True

b)

False

43.
Acid rain can damage
a)
Drinking water sources
b)
Aquatic life
c)
Architecture/buildings
d)
All options are correct
44.
Source: formerly in gasoline, paint, smelters, some batteries
Health effects: brain and nervous system damage esp. in children. some digestive system damage
Environmental effects: Can harm wildlife
a)
SO2
b)
NOx
c)
Pb
d)
CO
45.
  A smog forming chemical
Source: burning of fossil fuels, cars are a major source
Health effects: lung damage, respiratory system illnesses
Environmental effects: an ingredient of acid precipitation
a)
NOx
b)
CO
c)
Pb
d)
VOCs
46.
source: burning of coal and oil, esp. coal from E. US some industrial processes
health effects: breathing problems, lung damage
environmental effects: ingredient in acid rain
a)
NOx
b)
SO2
c)
CO
d)
particulate matter
47.
A smog forming group of molecules
Source: are released from burning fuel (fossil fuels or biomass), solvents, paints glues and other commonly used products.  They include benzene, methane, formaldehyde and others
Health effects: In addition to smog (ozone) effects, some are carcinogenic
Environmental effects: affects some plants directly in addition to smog effects
a)
PM (particulate matter)
b)
VOCs
c)
CO
d)
Pb
48.
Source burning of wood, diesel and other fuels, agriculture (plowing, burning off fields), unpaved roads , some industry
Health effects: nose and throat irritation, lung damage, bronchitis
Environmental effects: the main cause of haze that redues visibility
a)
VOCs
b)
O3
c)
particulate matter (PM)
d)
SO2
49.
Hydrocarbons such as gasoline, solvents, paints, finger nail polish & thinners that vaporize easily.
a)
Sulfur Oxides
b)
Nitrogen Oxides
c)
VOC's
d)
Mercury
50.

Colorless, odorless gas that is emitted from burning fossil fuels. Can replace oxygen in the bloodstream and cause death.

a)

Lead

b)

Sulfur Dioxide SO2

c)

Carbon monoxide CO

d)

Carbon dioxide CO2

51.
What causes acid rain?
a)
High concentrations of sulfuric or nitric acid from pollution
b)
Fertilizer use
c)
Pesticide use
d)
CFCs
52.

Implicated in human neurological damage

a)

Sulfur dioxide

b)

Lead

c)

Ozone

d)

Hydrocarbons

e)

Particulates

53.

Is the major pollutant that electrostatic precipitators are designed to remove from power-plant smokestack emissions

a)

Sulfur dioxide

b)

Lead

c)

Ozone

d)

Hydrocarbons

e)

Particulates

54.

Colorless, odorless gas that is a naturally occurring decay product of uranium

a)

asbestos

b)

radon

c)

lead

d)

carbon monoxide

e)

formaldehyde

55.

Which of the following is the human health impact most closely associated with atmospheric particulates?

a)

Cataracts

b)

Diabetes

c)

Melanoma

d)

Asthma

e)

Obesity

56.

The majority of atmospheric mercury is produced by

a)

medical waste incinerators

b)

volatilization of lead-based paint

c)

coal-burning power plants

d)

runoff from thermometer factories

e)

municipal waste incinerators

57.

Has been implicated as the cause of as much as 15 percent of lung cancer cases

a)

carbon dioxide

b)

carbon monoxide

c)

methane

d)

radon

e)

sulfur dioxide

58.

Catalytic converters reduce which of the following pairs of pollutants in car exhaust?

a)

Carbon dioxide and ozone

b)

Carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons

c)

Carbon dioxide and particulates

d)

Lead and mercury

e)

Methane and particulates

59.

Is primarily responsible for acid rain in the northeast United States

a)

uranium-238

b)

coal

c)

natural gas

d)

oil

e)

solar

60.

a secondary pollutant

a)

forms in the stratosphere

b)

is transformed by sunlight, water, or other elements in the atmosphere

c)

cannot be directly tracked to its source

d)

forms primarily from incomplete combustion

61.

Acid deposition forms as a result of

a)

nitrogen oxides and photochemical smog

b)

carbon monoxide and VOC's

c)

sulfur dioxide and VOC's

d)

nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxides

62.

The effects of acid deposition include

a)

increased cancer rates in aquatic organisms

b)

increased pH of lake water

c)

decreased mobilization of metals

d)

decreased aquatic biodiversity

63.

The Clean Air Act- regulates vehicle emissions.

a)

true

b)

false

64.

A type of pollution found both indoors and outdoors, which includes pollen, dander, soot, carbon, and dust.

a)

Water droplets

b)

Allergens

c)

Particulate matter

d)

Combustibles

65.

This secondary pollutant forms from NOxNO_x   + VOCs + sunlight

a)

Ozone

b)

Acid precipitation

c)

CFCs

d)

Carbon monoxide

66.

What size of particulate matter (PM) pollution is the most harmful to humans

a)

2.5 micrometers

b)

5 micrometers

c)

10 micrometers

d)

100 micrometers

67.

Which pollution control measure is used to reduce particulate matter (PM) emissions from power plants/factories?

a)

Catalytic converter

b)

Fluidized bed combustion

c)

Vapor recovery nozzle

d)

Electrostatic precipitator

68.
source: burning of coal and oil, esp. coal from E. US some industrial processes
health effects: breathing problems, lung damage
environmental effects: ingredient in acid rain
a)
NOx
b)
SO2
c)
CO
d)
particulate matter
69.
The principal component of smog
Source: Chemical reaction of  VOCs and NOx
Health effects: breathing problems, reduced lung capacity, asthma, eye irritation, reduced resistance to disease
Environmental effects: can damage plants
a)
Pb
b)
CO
c)
SO2
d)
O3
70.
The chemical formula for ozone?
a)
0
b)
02
c)
03
d)
OZn
71.
Which of the following correctly lists the 6 “criteria” air pollutants as specified under the Clean Air Act?
a)
Pb, SO2, NOX, CO, PM, and tropospheric O3
b)
Tropospheric O3, SO2, NOX, PM, Pb, and CO2
c)
SO4, NOX, CO, PM, Pb, and tropospheric O3
d)
SO2, NOX, CO, Hg, PM, and tropospheric O3
72.

"Criteria Air Pollutants" were established by the _________________________________.

a)

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

b)

Department of the Interior (DI)

c)

Center for Disease Control (CDC)

d)

United Nations (UN)

73.

The bottom image represents a _____________.

a)

rain shadow effect

b)

thermal inversion

c)

Coriolis Effect

d)

ozone layer

74.

What effect do temperature inversions have?

a)

traps heat and raises the temperature beneath it

b)

traps cold air and lowers the temperature beneath it

c)

traps emissions and can accumulate beneath it

d)

traps the ozone layer

75.

What is the main source of smog for Los Angeles?

a)

car emissions

b)

factory emissions

76.

What is the source of nitrogen oxides?

a)

Animal and plant processes

b)

Volcanic eruptions and fires

c)

Solvents, glues and paint

d)

Incomplete combustion of gas or diesel fuels in vehicles.

77.

Catalytic converters reduce which of the following pairs of pollutants in car exhaust?

a)

Carbon dioxide and ozone

b)

Carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons

c)

Carbon dioxide and particulates

d)

Lead and mercury

e)

Methane and particulates

78.

What are the causes of sick building syndrome?

a)

Play video games too much

b)

Inadequate ventilation, either through building design or failures in the ventilation system itself, and chemical contamination from indoor sources

c)

VOCs in adhesives, upholstery, carpeting, pesticides, cleaning agents, and other building materials

d)

B & C is the correct answer

79.
VOC used in the manufacturing of furniture and building materials
a)
Formaldehyde
b)
Kerosene
c)
Carbon Monoxide
d)
Radon
80.

SULFUROUS SMOG

a)

SMOG DOMINATED BY OXIDANTS SUCH AS OONE

b)

SMOG DOMINATED BY SULFUR DIXIDE AND SULFATE COMPOUNDS

c)

SOLID OR LIQUID PARTICLES SUSPENDED IN TEH AIR

d)

REDUCED VISIBILITY

81.

Which type of electricity-generating power plant releases radioactive materials as well as toxic metals such as lead and arsenic under normal operating conditions?

a)

Nuclear

b)

Hydroelectric

c)

Solar

d)

Coal-burning

e)

Geothermal

82.

Is a flammable gas produced by landfills

a)

carbon dioxide

b)

carbon monoxide

c)

methane

d)

radon

e)

sulfur dioxide

83.

Is an important precursor to acid rain

a)

carbon dioxide

b)

carbon monoxide

c)

methane

d)

radon

e)

sulfur dioxide

84.

Currently proven global reserves are expected to be largely exhausted within the next 50 years.

a)

uranium-238

b)

coal

c)

natural gas

d)

oil

e)

solar

85.

Is renewable

a)

uranium-238

b)

coal

c)

natural gas

d)

oil

e)

solar

86.

Occurs naturally in bedrock and leads to the formation of radon

a)

uranium-238

b)

coal

c)

natural gas

d)

oil

e)

solar

87.
Can be used to raise the pH of water, soil, and used in scrubbers
a)
H2SO4
b)
HNO3
c)
CaCO3
d)
CFC's
88.

During thermal inversion, ______________ air is surrounded by _____________ air.

a)

warm; cooler

b)

cool; warmer

c)

warm; denser

d)

cool; denser

89.

Which is NOT a criteria air pollutant?

a)

Sulfur dioxide

b)

lead

c)

carbon dioxide

d)

particulate matter

90.
Of the following cities, which regularly experiences the worst levels of photochemical smog that is enhanced by thermal inversions?
a)
New York City, NY
b)
Los Angeles, California
c)
Portland, Oregon
d)
Atlanta, Georgia
91.

Smoke from forest fires is most likely to affect air quality over larger areas for many days when

a)

smog is produced due to chemical reactions in the atmosphere

b)

a persistent atmospheric inversion exists in the region

c)

it emits primary pollutants

d)

it emits secondary pollutants

92.

Which below is a source of particulate matter?

a)

burning wood

b)

dust from gravel roads

c)

volcanoes

d)

forest fires

e)

all of these are sources of particulate matter

93.

Photochemical smog results from a reaction between

a)

nitrogen, oxygen and sunlight

b)

nitrogen, carbon and sunlight

c)

oxygen, water and lead

d)

sunlight, sulfur and carbon

e)

carbon, hydrogen, and methane

94.

Volcanic eruptions can be sources of air pollution

a)

True

b)

False

95.
This colorless, odorless gas can be deadly if breathed in. It is produced by incomplete combustion (not enough oxygen).
a)
SO2
b)
CO
c)
NO
d)
NO2
96.
Acid rain can damage
a)
Drinking water sources
b)
Aquatic life
c)
Architecture/buildings
d)
All options are correct
97.
Used on factory stacks to remove gases and particulate.
a)
Filters
b)
Emission reducers
c)
Scrubbers
d)
Filter Strips
98.
An air pollution prevention mechanism found in vehicles. 
a)
combustion chamber
b)
electrostatic precipitator
c)
scrubber
d)
catalytic converter
99.

Which one is not a cause of noise pollution?

a)
b)
c)
d)
100.
Source: formerly in gasoline, paint, smelters, some batteries
Health effects: brain and nervous system damage esp. in children. some digestive system damage
Environmental effects: Can harm wildlife
a)
SO2
b)
NOx
c)
Pb
d)
CO
101.
  A smog forming chemical
Source: burning of fossil fuels, cars are a major source
Health effects: lung damage, respiratory system illnesses
Environmental effects: an ingredient of acid precipitation
a)
NOx
b)
CO
c)
Pb
d)
VOCs
102.
source: burning of coal and oil, esp. coal from E. US some industrial processes
health effects: breathing problems, lung damage
environmental effects: ingredient in acid rain
a)
NOx
b)
SO2
c)
CO
d)
particulate matter
103.
A smog forming group of molecules
Source: are released from burning fuel (fossil fuels or biomass), solvents, paints glues and other commonly used products.  They include benzene, methane, formaldehyde and others
Health effects: In addition to smog (ozone) effects, some are carcinogenic
Environmental effects: affects some plants directly in addition to smog effects
a)
PM (particulate matter)
b)
VOCs
c)
CO
d)
Pb
104.
Source burning of wood, diesel and other fuels, agriculture (plowing, burning off fields), unpaved roads , some industry
Health effects: nose and throat irritation, lung damage, bronchitis
Environmental effects: the main cause of haze that redues visibility
a)
VOCs
b)
O3
c)
particulate matter (PM)
d)
SO2
105.
Hydrocarbons such as gasoline, solvents, paints, finger nail polish & thinners that vaporize easily.
a)
Sulfur Oxides
b)
Nitrogen Oxides
c)
VOC's
d)
Mercury
106.

Colorless, odorless gas that is emitted from burning fossil fuels. Can replace oxygen in the bloodstream and cause death.

a)

Lead

b)

Sulfur Dioxide SO2

c)

Carbon monoxide CO

d)

Carbon dioxide CO2

107.
Which of these problems can be caused by air pollution?
a)
Respiratory problems
b)
Reduced food sources for humans
c)
Increased disease for humans
d)
Decrease in global temperatures
108.
What causes acid rain?
a)
High concentrations of sulfuric or nitric acid from pollution
b)
Fertilizer use
c)
Pesticide use
d)
CFCs
109.

Concentration of nitrogen in the atmosphere

a)

21%

b)

55%

c)

78%

d)

95%

110.

SO2 SO_{2\ }  & NOxNO_x  combine with water in the atmosphere to form this secondary pollutant

a)

Acid precipitation

b)

Carbon monoxide (CO)

c)

Ozone ( O3O_3  )

d)

CFCs

111.

This secondary pollutant forms from NOxNO_x   + VOCs + sunlight

a)

Ozone

b)

Acid precipitation

c)

CFCs

d)

Carbon monoxide

112.

This toxic heavy metal was found in paints and gasoline in the U.S. until 1976

a)

Lead

b)

Mercury

c)

CFC

d)

VOC

113.

Sources of this pollutant are dust stirred up by vehicles, construction, agriculture, and burning biomass

a)

Asbestos

b)

Lead

c)

Particulate matter

d)

VOCs

114.

Acid deposition (i.e. acid rain) and ozone BOTH form in part from this primary pollutant

a)

Carbon monoxide (CO)

b)

Carbon dioxide (CO2)

c)

CFCs

d)

Nitrous oxides (NOx)

115.

This colorless, odorless gas comes from the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and biomass

a)

Sulfur dioxide (SO2)

b)

Carbon monoxide (CO)

c)

Radon-222

d)

Formaldhyde

116.

Some pollutants are called "secondary pollutants" because...

a)

they aren't as bad

b)

they form from reaction in the atmosphere

c)

they were discovered later

d)

they are less harmful

117.

Poor air quality is especially harmful for...

a)

Pets

b)

Airline pilots

c)

Children & elderly

d)

Birds

118.

What size of particulate matter (PM) pollution is the most harmful to humans

a)

2.5 micrometers

b)

5 micrometers

c)

10 micrometers

d)

100 micrometers

119.

Where in the atmosphere is the protective ozone layer?

a)

Troposphere

b)

Stratosphere

c)

Mesosphere

d)

Ozosphere

120.

Where in the atmosphere is the ozone considered a pollutant?

a)

Troposphere

b)

Stratosphere

c)

Mesosphere

d)

Ozosphere

121.

Which primary pollutants are responsible for creating photochemical smog?

a)

NOx & VOCs

b)

SO2 & NOx

c)

O3 & CFCs

d)

VOCs & CO

122.

A decrease in the production and use of CFCs has...

a)

decreased ozone pollution

b)

increased the ozone hole

c)

decreased the ozone hole

d)

increased ozone pollution

123.

Which air pollutants would be given off by the products shown in this picture?

a)

Thermal pollution

b)

Thermal revision

c)

Thermal inversion

d)

Thermal interpretation

124.

The ozone hole leads to climate change ("global warming")

a)

True

b)

False

125.

Which pollution control measure is used to control pollution in car exhaust?

a)

Scrubber

b)

Vapor recovery nozzle

c)

Catalytic converter

d)

Electrostatic precipitator

126.

Which energy source is the main source of sulfur dioxide (SO2) pollution?

a)

Nuclear power

b)

Coal

c)

Oil

d)

Natural Gas

127.

Which pollution control measure is used to reduce particulate matter (PM) emissions from power plants/factories?

a)

Catalytic converter

b)

Fluidized bed combustion

c)

Vapor recovery nozzle

d)

Electrostatic precipitator

128.

Which of the following is NOT one of the "criteria air pollutants"?

a)

Carbon monoxide (CO)

b)

Carbon dioxide (CO2)

c)

Lead (Pb)

d)

Ozone (O3)

129.

Which ecosystem is acid deposition (acid rain) most harmful for?

a)

Tundra

b)

Grasslands

c)

Aquatic (lakes & rivers)

d)

Tropical rainforests

130.

Which below is considered an air pollutant?

a)

stratospheric ozone

b)

tropospheric ozone

c)

exospheric ozone

d)

mesospheric ozone

e)

thermospheric ozone

131.

What is TRUE of carbon monoxide?

a)

It is CO2

b)

It is an odorless gas

c)

It has a purple color

d)

It is the product of complete combustion

e)

None of these are true

132.

Which is false of carbon dioxide?

a)

It is CO2

b)

It is colorless

c)

It is odorless

d)

It is a greenhouse gas

e)

It is the product of photosynthesis

133.

Which below is a source of particulate matter?

a)

burning wood

b)

dust from gravel roads

c)

volcanoes

d)

forest fires

e)

all of these are sources of particulate matter

134.

Photochemical smog results from a reaction between

a)

nitrogen, oxygen and sunlight

b)

nitrogen, carbon and sunlight

c)

oxygen, water and lead

d)

sunlight, sulfur and carbon

e)

carbon, hydrogen, and methane

135.

Volcanic eruptions can be sources of air pollution

a)

True

b)

False

136.
What are the pollutants known to cause acid rain?
a)
nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide (sulfur compounds)
b)
Low pH and Acid
c)
Lemon Juice and Battery Acid
d)
Particulate Matter and Carbon Dioxide
137.

Smog or ground ozone forms in the troposphere. Which pollutants are most responsible for smog or ground ozone?

a)

sulfur and particulate matter

b)

volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides

c)

carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide

d)

none of these answers are correct

138.
CFC's cause harm to our 
a)
Troposphere
b)
Inversion Layer
c)
Ozone Layer
d)
Carbon Dioxide
139.

Where is the Ozone Layer found in our atmosphere?

a)

Troposphere (lower portion)

b)

Stratosphere (upper portion)

140.
Which of these problems can be caused by air pollution?
a)
Respiratory problems
b)
Reduced food sources for humans
c)
Increased disease for humans
d)
Decrease in global temperatures
141.
Acid rain can damage
a)
Drinking water sources
b)
Aquatic life
c)
Architecture/buildings
d)
All options are correct
142.
A metallic element that can cause brain damage
a)
Lead
b)
Particulate matter
c)
Ground-level ozone
d)
Nitrogen oxides
143.
Dust, ash and pollen are examples of this air pollutant
a)
Lead
b)
Ground-level ozone
c)
Particulate matter
d)
Nitrogen oxides
144.

The Clean Air Act- regulates vehicle emissions.

a)

true

b)

false

145.
Used on factory stacks to remove gases and particulate.
a)
Filters
b)
Emission reducers
c)
Scrubbers
d)
Filter Strips
146.
An air pollution prevention mechanism found in vehicles. 
a)
combustion chamber
b)
electrostatic precipitator
c)
scrubber
d)
catalytic converter
147.
What is a primary pollutant? 
a)
pollutant that is put directly into air by human activities
b)
pollutants that react with other primary pollutants
148.

A type of pollution found both indoors and outdoors, which includes pollen, dander, soot, carbon, and dust.

a)

Water droplets

b)

Allergens

c)

Particulate matter

d)

Combustibles

149.

Which of the following is NOT a primary pollutant?

a)

nitric oxides

b)

smog

c)

sulfur dioxide

d)

volatile organic compounds

150.
What is a secondary pollutant? 
a)
pollutant that is put directly into air by human activities
b)
pollutants that react with other primary pollutants
151.

Which of the following pH measurements of rainwater would indicate acid precipitation/rain?

a)

pH 6.0

b)

pH 4.1

c)

pH 7.3

d)

pH 9.6

152.

What areas are more likely to experience temperature inversions?

a)

small cities in the mountains

b)

large cities in valleys

c)

large cities near oceans

d)

small cities near a river

153.
Composed of fibers known to cause lung disease
a)
Asbestos
b)
Radon
c)
Lead
d)
Formaldehyde
154.
Of the following cities, which regularly experiences the worst levels of photochemical smog that is enhanced by thermal inversions?
a)
New York City, NY
b)
Los Angeles, California
c)
Portland, Oregon
d)
Atlanta, Georgia
155.
The 3 main anthropogenic sources of gaseous air pollutants in the US are
a)
soil erosion, volcanoes, and forest fires
b)
soil erosion, volcanoes, and energy production
c)
industry, transportation, and energy production
d)
industry, transportation and agriculture
156.

Where is the "GOOD" ozone located?

a)

troposphere

b)

stratosphere

c)

mesosphere

d)

thermosphere

157.

Radon is usually found in this location in your home.

a)

attic

b)

basement

c)

bathroom

d)

kitchen

158.
A neurotoxin that accumulates in food chains through biomagnification
a)
Pb
b)
Hg
c)
As
d)
CO
159.
Which of the following correctly lists the 6 “criteria” air pollutants as specified under the Clean Air Act?
a)
Pb, SO2, NOX, CO, PM, and tropospheric O3
b)
Tropospheric O3, SO2, NOX, PM, Pb, and CO2
c)
SO4, NOX, CO, PM, Pb, and tropospheric O3
d)
SO2, NOX, CO, Hg, PM, and tropospheric O3
160.
The chemical formula for ozone?
a)
0
b)
02
c)
03
d)
OZn
161.
The ozone layer is damaged by
a)
CFCs
b)
Increase in greenhouse gases
c)
Increased global temperatures
d)
Sulfuric and nitric acids
162.

What effect do temperature inversions have?

a)

traps heat and raises the temperature beneath it

b)

traps cold air and lowers the temperature beneath it

c)

traps emissions and can accumulate beneath it

d)

traps the ozone layer

163.

How do temperature Inversions affect air currents?

a)

A layer of cold, polluted air mixes with the warm air from the surface and creates a smog-like layer

b)

A layer of slightly warmer air prevents the warm, polluted air from rising, causing a build up of pollution near the surface

c)

A layer of smoke causes temperatures to lower near the surface of the earth, causing more pollution in the air.

164.

Which of the following is the basis of industrial fog?

a)

burning coal

b)

vehicle emissions

165.

Which below can be considered an air pollutant?

a)

chemicals

b)

particulates

c)

microbes

d)

odorless gases

e)

all of these

166.

Which is NOT an air pollutant address by the Clean Air Act of 1970?

a)

O3

b)

CO

c)

NOx

d)

CH4

e)

All of these were addressed by the Clean Air Act

167.

Which is NOT a source of SO2?

a)

combustion of fossil fuels

b)

volcanic eruptions

c)

forest fires

d)

lightning

e)

none of these are sources of SO2

168.

Which below is considered an air pollutant?

a)

stratospheric ozone

b)

tropospheric ozone

c)

exospheric ozone

d)

mesospheric ozone

e)

thermospheric ozone

169.

What is TRUE of carbon monoxide?

a)

It is CO2

b)

It is an odorless gas

c)

It has a purple color

d)

It is the product of complete combustion

e)

None of these are true

170.

Which is false of carbon dioxide?

a)

It is CO2

b)

It is colorless

c)

It is odorless

d)

It is a greenhouse gas

e)

It is the product of photosynthesis

171.

Which below is a source of particulate matter?

a)

burning wood

b)

dust from gravel roads

c)

volcanoes

d)

forest fires

e)

all of these are sources of particulate matter

172.

Photochemical smog results from a reaction between

a)

nitrogen, oxygen and sunlight

b)

nitrogen, carbon and sunlight

c)

oxygen, water and lead

d)

sunlight, sulfur and carbon

e)

carbon, hydrogen, and methane

173.

Volcanic eruptions can be sources of air pollution

a)

True

b)

False

174.
The ozone layer protects us from
a)
UV rays
b)
CFCs
c)
Increased atmospheric heat
d)
Decreased atmospheric heat
175.
The general term for air pollution that reduces visibility, especially in cities. 
a)
atmospheric transport
b)
pollution 
c)
smog
d)
wet scrubber
176.
This colorless, odorless gas can be deadly if breathed in. It is produced by incomplete combustion (not enough oxygen).
a)
SO2
b)
CO
c)
NO
d)
NO2
177.
What causes acid rain?
a)
High concentrations of sulfuric or nitric acid from pollution
b)
Fertilizer use
c)
Pesticide use
d)
CFCs
178.
Acid rain can damage
a)
Drinking water sources
b)
Aquatic life
c)
Architecture/buildings
d)
All options are correct
179.
Global warming is due to 
a)
Greenhouse gases
b)
Nitric and sulfuric acids
c)
CFCs
d)
Ozone depletion
180.
Which of the following are greenhouse gases?
a)
Carbon dioxide
b)
Methane
c)
Water vapor
d)
All answers are correct
181.
Combines with other pollutants to form acid rain
a)
Nitrogen oxides & sulfur dioxide
b)
Particulate matter & lead
c)
Nitrogen oxides & ground-level ozone
d)
Sulfur dioxide & ground-level ozone
182.
Increase in which gas is primarily responsible for increased global warming?
a)
Carbon dioxide
b)
Water vapor
c)
Methane
d)
Nitric oxides
183.
Used on factory stacks to remove gases and particulate.
a)
Filters
b)
Emission reducers
c)
Scrubbers
d)
Filter Strips
184.
An air pollution prevention mechanism found in vehicles. 
a)
combustion chamber
b)
electrostatic precipitator
c)
scrubber
d)
catalytic converter
185.

This primary pollutant creates a reddish brown gas creating photochemical smog and tropospheric ozone.

a)

sulfuric acid

b)

VOC

c)

nitrogen dioxide

d)

particulate matter

186.

This atmospheric compound is critical to the planet in its protection against UV radiation, but when found close to the ground is part of photochemical smog that can cause serious health problems.

a)

particulate matter

b)

carbon monoxide

c)

stratospheric ozone

d)

tropospheric ozone

187.

Which of the following is NOT a primary pollutant?

a)

nitric oxides

b)

smog

c)

sulfur dioxide

d)

volatile organic compounds

188.

Which of the following government agencies is responsible for the Clean Air Act?

a)

the USGS

b)

the USDA

c)

the EPA

d)

the USDOJ

189.
Ozone and acid rain are both pollutants formed through reactions in the atmosphere. This makes them
a)
primary air pollutants
b)
secondary air pollutants 
c)
atmospheric transport
d)
atmospheric deposition
190.

What is the major cause for air pollution?

a)

deforestation

b)

oil spills

c)

transportation

d)

cigarretes

191.

What is the unit that is used to measure the intensity of sound?

a)

decibel

b)

frequency

c)

Hertz

d)

wavelength

192.

The sound level which is comfortable for the human ear.

a)

80-85 decibels

b)

120-125 decibels

c)

60-65 decibels

d)

100-105 decibels

193.

Which one is not a cause of noise pollution?

a)
b)
c)
d)
194.
Source: formerly in gasoline, paint, smelters, some batteries
Health effects: brain and nervous system damage esp. in children. some digestive system damage
Environmental effects: Can harm wildlife
a)
SO2
b)
NOx
c)
Pb
d)
CO
195.
  A smog forming chemical
Source: burning of fossil fuels, cars are a major source
Health effects: lung damage, respiratory system illnesses
Environmental effects: an ingredient of acid precipitation
a)
NOx
b)
CO
c)
Pb
d)
VOCs
196.
source: burning of coal and oil, esp. coal from E. US some industrial processes
health effects: breathing problems, lung damage
environmental effects: ingredient in acid rain
a)
NOx
b)
SO2
c)
CO
d)
particulate matter
197.
A smog forming group of molecules
Source: are released from burning fuel (fossil fuels or biomass), solvents, paints glues and other commonly used products.  They include benzene, methane, formaldehyde and others
Health effects: In addition to smog (ozone) effects, some are carcinogenic
Environmental effects: affects some plants directly in addition to smog effects
a)
PM (particulate matter)
b)
VOCs
c)
CO
d)
Pb
198.
Source burning of wood, diesel and other fuels, agriculture (plowing, burning off fields), unpaved roads , some industry
Health effects: nose and throat irritation, lung damage, bronchitis
Environmental effects: the main cause of haze that redues visibility
a)
VOCs
b)
O3
c)
particulate matter (PM)
d)
SO2
199.
Which of the following substances is an colorless, odorless, tasteless, radioactive gas?
a)
carbon monoxide
b)
radon
c)
ozone
d)
asbestos
200.
Radon gas is most harmful to which part of the body?
a)
Eyes
b)
Lungs
c)
Heart
d)
Kidneys
201.
Which is NOT an example of a way to help prevent radon gas in homes?
a)
Sealing cracks
b)
Ventilation
c)
Plastic in crawlspace
d)
Air fresheners
202.
CO can cause people to become drowsy and suffocate  when it binds to...
a)
hemoglobin.
b)
white blood cells.
c)
alveolar receptors.
d)
retinal glial cells.
203.
When a building has bad air quality, it has something called
a)
Sick building syndrome
b)
Radon
c)
Carbon monoxide
d)
Smog
204.
Hydrocarbons such as gasoline, solvents, paints, finger nail polish & thinners that vaporize easily.
a)
Sulfur Oxides
b)
Nitrogen Oxides
c)
VOC's
d)
Mercury
205.
Which outdoor air pollutant is also a significant indoor air pollutant?
a)
sulfur dioxide
b)
carbon monoxide
c)
ozone
d)
lead
206.
A type of pollution found both indoors and outdoors, which includes pollen, dander, soot, carbon, and dust.
a)
Water droplets
b)
Allergens
c)
Particulate matter
d)
Combustibles
207.

This atmospheric compound is critical to the planet in its protection against UV radiation, but when found close to the ground is part of photochemical smog that can cause serious health problems.

a)

particulate matter

b)

carbon monoxide

c)

stratospheric ozone

d)

tropospheric ozone

208.

Electrostatic precipitators can be used to remove this type of air pollutant.

a)

volatile organic compounds

b)

sulfur dioxide

c)

particulate matter

d)

ground level ozone

209.

Which of the following is NOT a primary pollutant?

a)

nitric oxides

b)

smog

c)

sulfur dioxide

d)

volatile organic compounds

210.
The chemicals released directly into the air from factories and vehicles would be considered
a)
primary air pollutants
b)
secondary air pollutants
c)
atmospheric transport
d)
atmospheric deposition 
211.

The Earth's ozone layer, which limits damaging solar radiation striking the planet is found in the ____________________.

a)

thermosphere

b)

stratosphere

c)

troposphere

d)

mesosphere

212.

Colorless, odorless gas that is emitted from burning fossil fuels. Can replace oxygen in the bloodstream and cause death.

a)

Lead

b)

Sulfur Dioxide SO2

c)

Carbon monoxide CO

d)

Carbon dioxide CO2

213.

Criteria pollutant that has been reduced the MOST by actions taken after the Clean Air Act was passed. Removing this from gasoline had the biggest impact.

a)

Sulfur dioxide SO2

b)

Lead Pb

c)

Carbon monoxide CO

d)

Nitrogen dioxide NO2

214.

Sizes of this air pollutant of 2.5 micrometers or smaller, is more dangerous, leading to severe respiratory problems and heart disease.

a)

Lead Pb

b)

Sulfur dioxide SO2

c)

Nitrogen dioxide NO2

d)

Particulate matter

215.

Sources of this air pollutant include construction sites, forest fires, fields and smoke stacks.

a)

Particulate matter

b)

Sulfur dioxide SO2

c)

Lead

d)

Carbon monoxide CO

216.

Secondary pollutant created after nitrogen oxides are emitted into the atmosphere and interact with sunlight and other chemicals. Only secondary criteria air pollutant.

a)

Sulfur dioxide SO2

b)

Tropospheric or ground level ozone

c)

Nitrogen dioxide NO2

d)

Lead Pb

217.

Catalytic converters are used to reduce these specific gases from the exhaust of vehicles.

a)

CO and SO2

b)

SO2 and NO2

c)

CO and NO2

d)

SO2 and Lead

218.
Which of the following is a Secondary Pollutant?
a)
VOCs
b)
Lead
c)
CO
d)
O3
219.
Overgrazing, deforestation, and poor land management can directly lead to...
a)
increased NOx emissions.
b)
increased particulate concentration.
c)
decreased SO2 pollution.
d)
increased rates of skin cancer.
220.
What is the single biggest contributor to the reduction in atmospheric lead levels since 1980?
a)
Scrubbers in power plant smokestacks.
b)
Vapor locks on automobile gas tanks.
c)
The removal of lead from gasoline.
d)
The removal of lead from water pipes.
221.
What type of home is most at-risk to increased air lead levels?
a)
Older homes
b)
Newer homes
c)
Homes near the coast
d)
Homes in rural areas
222.
What is the primary source of carbon monoxide?
a)
Gas-burning water  heaters
b)
Automobiles
c)
Electric clothes dryers
d)
Electric space heaters
223.
What is one way to reduce indoor CO levels?
a)
Only use gas-burning stoves and furnaces.
b)
Decrease ventilation from gas-burning appliances.
c)
Reduce use of electric water heaters.
d)
Fix leaks in your chimney or furnace exhaust.
224.
What is the primary source of atmospheric SO2?
a)
Automobiles
b)
Coal-fired power plants
c)
Steel manufacturing
d)
Strip-mining operations
225.
What is one environmental impact of increased SO2 emissions?
a)
Increased water pH
b)
Eutrophication of lakes
c)
Increased protein production in plants.
d)
Acidification of soil
226.
What is the primary source of NO2 pollution?
a)
Use of natural gas furnaces in homes.
b)
Automobiles
c)
Concrete production
d)
Off-gassing from fertilizers.
227.
Ozone in the troposphere is __________.  Ozone in the stratosphere is _________.
a)
bad, good
b)
good, bad
c)
bad, bad
d)
good, good
228.
What are two conditions necessary for the formation of ground-level ozone?
a)
Sunny and warm
b)
Increased NO2 emissions and increased O2 levels
c)
Sunny and windy
d)
Increased  stratospheric ozone and increased VOC emissions.
229.
During what time of day should tropospheric ozone levels peak?
a)
Midnight
b)
Morning
c)
Afternoon
d)
Evening
230.
Which of the following is NOT a Criteria Air Pollutant?
a)
Particulates
b)
CO2
c)
NO2
d)
Lead
231.
Which of the following is a Primary Pollutant?
a)
VOCs
b)
O3
c)
HNO3
d)
H2SO4
232.
Which of the following is NOT an impact of particulate pollution?
a)
Reduced visibility
b)
Aggravates asthma
c)
Eutrophication of lakes
d)
Cooler global temperatures
233.

This natural occurrence can release significant amounts of sulfur dioxide?

a)

Hurricane

b)

Tornado

c)

Tsunami

d)

Volcanic eruption

234.

Acid Rain is a ____ problem because ____.

a)

Local because the acid clouds don't move very far.

b)

Local because the pollution that creates the acid rain doesn't move very far from its source.

c)

Regional because the acid clouds can travel several hundred miles.

d)

Regional because the pollution that creates the acid rain can move several hundred miles before precipitating.

235.

The mix of air pollutants together leads to the acidification of freshwater bodies and soils. It can also impact heavily on the built environment.

a)

acid rain

b)

acid deposition

c)

dry deposition

d)

wet deposition

236.

Solutions with a pH of less than 7 are acids.

a)

True

b)

False

237.

The direct uptake by the ground of pollutants in particles, aerosols, and gases in the absence of precipitation, is...

a)

dry deposition

b)

wet deposition

c)

acid rain

238.

It is a substance or energy introduced into the environment that has undesired effects or adversely affects a resource's usefulness.

a)

pollutant

b)

pollution

c)

smog

d)

acidification

239.

Scrubbers and electrostatic precipitators help industries meet the requirements of this

a)

Air Pollution Act

b)

Temperature Inversion Act

c)

Clean Air Act

240.

Which device helps clean car exhausts?

a)

electrostatic precipitator

b)

catalytic converter

c)

scrubber

241.

Which of the following is true of air pollution and human health?

a)

years of research link air pollution to lung diseases

b)

air pollution is listed often as cause of death

c)

there are no health effects from polluted air

d)

healthy adults do not need to worry about air pollution

242.

Can occur in tightly sealed buildings

a)

disease

b)

air pollution

c)

sick-building syndrome

243.
The pattern of air during thermal inversion is
a)
warm- cold- warm
b)
cold- warm- cold
c)
there is no pattern, it is only cold
244.
How does air pollution move during thermal inversion?
a)
Thermal inversion makes pollution very still
b)
Pollution travels very fast in cold air
c)
There is no pollution during thermal inversion
245.
Dust and ash are examples of
a)
Gases
b)
PPM
c)
Particulates
246.

The burning of which fuel is the main source of industrial smog?

a)

Oil

b)

Coal

c)

Natural Gas

d)

Biomass

247.

Common sources of volatile organic compounds include:

a)

Solvents

b)

Paint and Glue

c)

Some Plants

d)

Petroleum

e)

All of the Above

248.

What are 4 characteristics of urban areas with high levels of photochemical smog?

a)

Calm winds, dry weather, sunny, many industries and vehicles

b)

High winds, wet weather, cloudy, many industries and vehicles

c)

Located in a basin or surrounded by mountains

d)

Located in a basin or surrounded by mountains, calm winds, dry weather, sunny, many industries and vehicles

e)

All of the above

249.
Ozone and acid rain are both pollutants formed through reactions in the atmosphere. This makes them
a)
primary air pollutants
b)
secondary air pollutants 
c)
atmospheric transport
d)
atmospheric deposition

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