The neck is the MC area of the hip to be fractured which is bad because it can easily disrupt blood flow to the head.

Garden Classification based upon AP x-rays: Incomplete

Garden Classification based upon AP x-rays: Complete Fx; nondisplaced

Garden Classification based upon AP x-rays: Complete; partially displaced

Garden Classification based upon AP x-rays: Complete; fully displaced

Pt presents with right leg pain and they cannot bear weight. The right leg is shortened, externally rotated, and abducted. What do you suspect?

Pt presents with right leg pain. The right leg is shortened and internally rotated. What do you suspect?

Loss of blood supply to femoral head that causes bone death and collapse. Most atraumatic cases are caused by idiopathic, corticosteroids, and alcohol. Imaging would show crescent sign. What is the best diagnostic tool and treatment? (choose 2)

Pt presents with pain in the groin region, decreased ROM, pain with ambulating, and dull ache at night. X-ray shows joint space narrowing of the femoral acetabular joint, change in shape of femoral head, and osetophyte formation. What is NOT included in the treatment?

Pt presents with lateral hip pain that makes them unable to sleep on their side. PE reveals point tenderness over lateral hip. What do you suspect?

What is NOT included in the treatment of trochanteric bursitis?

Pt presents with lateral hip pain. They can sometimes feel a snapping sensation. It feels like "hip is popping and and is unstable." PE reveals tenderness higher than the greater trochanter, and worse pain with active hip abduction. Evalute with MRI. Tx with PT, NSAID, injections, activity modification, and proper footwear. What do you suspect?

What is the definitive treatment for hip dysplasia (anatomic abnormality in which the acetabulum does not completely cover the femoral head -> instability)?

The femoral head is the primary abnormality in hip dysplasia.

What direction is most likely for a hip dislocation?

A Segond fx off lateral tibia plateau can be pathognomonic for what?

A Segond fx off lateral tibia plateau can be pathognomonic for what?

Wiggle sign on MRI is diagnostic for what?

What is the #1 indication for knee surgery?

Pt presents with sudden knee pain after a plant & pivot injury. PE reveals limited ROM, pain with weight-bearing, and + McMurry/Apley. What do you suspect?

MRI is unnecessary to diagnose a meniscal injury.

Pt presents with pain after a fall directly onto their knee. PE reveals swelling, ecchymosis, and inability to straighten the knee. What is NOT included in the diagnosis and treatment?

Pt presents with knee pain after a twisting injury where the pt felt a pop, then the knee immediately swelled. PE shows hemarthrosis, medial patella & lateral femoral condyle tender to palpation, + apprehension. What is NOT included in the diagnosis and treatment?

Pt presents with anterior knee pain. PE shows localized pain anterior & posterior-one finger test, + J sign, patella tracking laterally, weak VMO/core/hips with one leg squat, grind +/crepitus, and hypermobile patella. What is NOT included in your diagnostic workup and treatment?

Teen pt presents with anterior knee pain. PE reveals enlarged tibial tubercle, pain w/ extension or kneeling, tenderness to palpation. Of note, pt participates in a jumping sport. XR shows enlarged and fragmented tibial tubercle. What is NOT included in the treatment?

Pt presents with knee swelling, painful medial joint line, and increased pain with varus/valgus stress. Xrays and MRI are completed. What is NOT part of the tx?

Pt reports progressive functionally limiting knee pain, night pain, feelings on instability, swelling, stiffness, and mechanical sx. Pt notes this pain impacts their QOL and ADL. What is the imaging of choice?

Pt reports progressive functionally limiting knee pain, night pain, feelings on instability, swelling, stiffness, and mechanical sx. Pt notes this pain impacts their QOL and ADL. All of the following are possible treatments, but what is the definitive treatment?

What is NOT included in the terrible triad?

Patella dislocation can be related to all of the following EXCEPT

35 yo pt presents with mild discomfort in the back of the ankle. The pt was playing basketball when they heard a pop. PE reveals limp, loss of push-off strength, weak ankle, pt is still able to plantar flex ankle. PE also shows ecchymosis, swelling, + Thompson test, and palpable defect. All of the following are treatments, but what is the gold standard?

What is NOT included in the treatment of achilles tendonitis?

What is the MC ankle ligament to tear?

Pt presents with lateral ankle pain, swelling, and ecchymosis. PE reveals anterior drawer test with > 10 mm translation. What is NOT included in the diagnostic workup and treatment?

Which of the following doesn't describe grade I ankle sprain?

Which of the following doesn't describe grade II ankle sprain?

Which of the following doesn't describe grade III ankle sprain?

Pt presents with ankle pain. Stress view x-ray shows widening of the tibiotalar joint (mortise) and/or widening of syndesmotic space. What is NOT part of the treatment?

Bimalleolar fx includes fibular fx with a deltoid ligament tear.

The Ottawa Ankle Rules are meant to reduce x-ray imaging by ruling out significant ankle fractures. What is NOT one of hte criteria?

Weber classification of ankle fracture: fibular fx is distal to ankle joint (probably won't need surgery)

Weber classification of ankle fracture: spiral fx of fibular at distal tibiofibular joint (may need surgery)

Weber classification of ankle fracture: fx above the level of the tibiofibular joint (suspect disruption of the synesmotic and ankle ligaments)

Pt with ankle injury went to ER and was placed in a CAM boot, but they returned today because their pain is worsening. You suspect a combination of a spiral fx of the proximal 1/3 of the fibula with an unstable ankle injury (widening of the ankle mortise on x-ray). What do you suspect?

Pt presents with onset of pain, swelling, limited ROM, decreased ADL, shoes don't fit. You suspect narrowing of tibiotalar joint space. All of the following are treatment options, but what is the gold standard for end-stage OA?

The Ottawa Foot Rules are meant to reduce x-ray imaging by ruling out significant foot fractures. What is NOT one of the criteria?

High arch, walk on lateral border of foot, callous under 5th MT, claw toes, peek-a-boo heel sign from front

Forefoot rolls inward, can be 2/t posterior tibial tendon dysfunction. Acquired, congenital. Valgus achilles tendon. "Too many toes" or "peek-a-boo" toe sign from the back.

Pt presents with medial hindfoot & ankle pain, loss of strength, foot "rolls" over, "too many toes" sign, unable to tiptoe. MRI was done to assess integrity of tendon. Your treatment would include rest, NSAIDs, boot, AFO or arizone face. What do you suspect?

Pt presents with insidious onset of foot pain. The pain is worse during and after activity. PE shows swelling and point tenderness. What imaging modality will show a metatarsal stress fracture the earliest?

What is the MC type of foot fx?

Transverse fx b/w base and shaft of 5th metatarsal (Zone 2/Transition Zone). Mostly surgical tx.

Obese pt presents with bilateral, atraumatic, gradual onset of heel pain. Plantar medial heel pain is worse in the morning, when barefoot, and on "start-up." Pt notes that achilles is tight. You suspect the MCC of heel pain. What is NOT included in the tx?

Deformity of the 1st MTP with medial prominence, increased metatarsal angle, and lateral capsule contracture. Most common deformity of forefoot and toes.

Pt with DM presents with warm, red, swollen foot with little to no pain. PE shows pulses present, ulceration, and "rocker bottom" deformity (plantar surface prominence). You suspect a chronic, noninfective, painless joint destruction. What disease does this describe?

Pt presents with midfoot pain, inability to weight-bear, swelling, and medical plantar ecchymosis. Of note, pt plays a lot of baseball. You suspect tarsalmetatarsal (TMT) fx dislocation characterized by disruption of the ligament b/w the second metatarsal and the medial cuneiform.