Which environmental condition would MOST LIKELY result in the appearance of punctuated equilibrium in the fossil record?

A student makes a model to compare the process of transcription and translation to the process of using a

grocery store that prepares orders for customers. 

A customer makes a copy of a grocery list at home.  

The customer drives the grocery list to the grocery store. 

The customer gives the grocery list to a cashier at the store. 

The shopper picks up the items and brings them to the cashier. 

The cashier assembles the order and a shopping cart with the order is produced. 

Based on the student's model and your knowledge of the biological process, which person or object represents tRNA?

Students investigate osmosis using dialysis tubing. Dialysis tubing is a semipermeable membrane that allows water molecules to pass through while preventing salt ions from passing through. The students follow this procedure:  

  1. Mix salt into water to make a 7.1% salt solution.

2. Add equal amounts of this saltwater solution to four small bags made of dialysis tubing.

3. Fill four beakers with different salt solutions, as shown in the image.  

4. Place each small bag into one of the four beakers.  

5. Observe changes in the size of the bags. The setup for the investigation is shown.

In which beaker will osmosis cause expansion of the dialysis tubing bag?

Leguminous plants, such as bean plants, share a mutualistic relationship with certain rhizobium bacteria. The plants develop harmless nodules on their roots, where the bacteria live. In return, the bacteria convert an important element from the atmosphere into a nutrient form that the plant can use.

What essential element is converted to a useable form by the rhizobium bacteria?

Which type of mutation is LEAST LIKELY to result in a frameshift mutation?

Which two components are MOST LIKELY found in both viruses and prokaryotic cells?

Which of these is MOST LIKELY an indication that cells may have become cancerous?

Which statement BEST describe how enzymes affect the speed of a metabolic reaction?

There are different types of human blood cells. Depending on what type they are, some blood cells either carry nutrients throughout the body or destroy foreign substances in the body.

Which statement explains how genes control the differentiation of different types of blood cells?

Microorganisms are known to be present in some food products such as yogurt. One student claims that microorganisms in food always have a negative effect on human health, while a second student disagrees. The second student claims that some microorganisms in food can have a positive effect on human health.

Which statement BEST supports the second student's claim?

What happens in the lysogenic cycle? 

A large population of rock pocket mice with various fur colors lives in a designated area. Soon after a volcanic eruption, the number of mice with dark-colored fur in the population increased.

Which statement BEST describes the reason for the change in fur color?

A student is making models of cells and uses the following materials:

dried peas to represent ribosomes shelled peanuts to represent mitochondria uncooked noodles to represent DNA shoestrings to represent the cell membrane

Which material would be used in a model of a eukaryotic cell but NOT a prokaryotic cell?

Which molecules are the building blocks of DNA?

Which plant structures are DIRECTLY involved in the production and transport of glucose?

Select TWO correct answers.

What cellular components are the same in all living organisms?

Which two biological processes would MOST LIKELY result in offspring genetically different from their parents?

Select TWO correct answers.

A student sees a red wolf at the zoo and wants to research specific information about the animal.

Which levels of taxonomy are BEST to use when researching specific information about the red wolf?

What amino acid is represented by the codon UUA?

What is the function of the cell membrane?

A population of birds follows swarms of army ants and eats insects as they move out of the way of the ants. The birds do not eat the army ants.

Which type of relationship between the birds and the army ants is BEST represented by this scenario?

Which phase is this in?

Which statement BEST describes the roles of glucose and oxygen in photosynthesis?

An image of a cell is shown.

A student makes a model of an energy pyramid by stacking cups as shown. The producers are represented by the bottom level of four cups.