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Worksheets

Nucleic Acid review

Total questions: 257

Worksheet time: 3hrs 13mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
A portion of mRNA is coded CUG. The corresponding DNA is coded
a)
GAC
b)
GTC
c)
CTG
d)
CAG
2.
A portion of mRNA is coded CUG. The corresponding DNA is coded
a)
GAC
b)
GTC
c)
CTG
d)
CAG
3.
A portion of DNA reads GAG. The corresponding mRNA would be
a)
GUG
b)
GTG
c)
CTC
d)
CUC
4.
DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase are similar in that they
a)
are both enzymes
b)
both are involved in making new polymers
c)
both can be found doing work in the cell nucleus
d)
all of these things are true
5.
DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase are different in that they
a)
are involved in synthesis of different polymers
b)
DNA is a biological catalyst and RNA is not
c)
DNA polymerase synthesizes proteins and RNA polymerase synthesizes carbohydrates
d)
Stop trying to trick me; none of these are true!
6.
The process of creating RNA using DNA as the template is
a)
translation
b)
transcription
c)
translocation
d)
Transylvania
7.
In RNA, uracil takes the place of the DNA nitrogen base called
a)
guanine
b)
cytosine
c)
thymine
d)
adenine
8.
The process shown in this image
a)
is called replication
b)
results in a new copy of the DNA
c)
does not happen during mitosis
d)
All of these apply
9.
In eukaryotes, molecule 1 is found in
a)
ribosomes
b)
chloroplasts
c)
cytoplasm
d)
the nucleus
10.
Molecule 3 is synthesized in 
a)
ribosomes
b)
chloroplasts
c)
the cell membrane
d)
the nucleus
11.
DNA strands 1 and 2 are able to separate and rejoin easily due to
a)
the action of RNA polymerase 
b)
the nature of hydrogen bonds
c)
the presence of uracil
d)
Trick question! It is none of these.
12.

What is the outcome of DNA transcription and translation?

a)

Make muscles

b)

Make protein

c)

Make cells

d)

Make DNA

13.

What is the basic unit (monomer) of DNA?

a)

Phosphate Group

b)

Nucleotide

c)

Amino Acid

d)

Monosaccharide

14.

What shape is DNA?

a)

Alpha Helix

b)

Double Helix

c)

Tangled

d)

Flat

15.

DNA is the ​ (a)   of ​ life .​

Choose from the below words
code
signal
source
16.

DNA is found in the (a)   . This is also where mRNA is created.

17.

What is true of RNA? (select all that apply)

a)

Single Strand

b)

Contains uracil

c)

Ribose Sugar

d)

Deoxyribose Sugar

18.

What is true of DNA?

a)

Double Helix

b)

Contains Thymine

c)

Deoxyribose Sugar

d)

Ribose Sugar

19.

The m in mRNA stands for (a)  

20.

What subunits comprise a ribosome?

a)

large and small

b)

big and little

c)

big and small

d)

large and little

21.

Which amino acid will be added to a protein chain if the codon is UAA?

a)

Ser

b)

Lys

c)

Ala

d)

STOP

22.

The process by which the genetic code of DNA is copied into a strand of RNA is called

a)

Translation

b)

Transcription

c)

Replication

d)

Transformation

23.

One strand of DNA is ____ to the other side to form its structure

a)

Translated

b)

Transformed

c)

Replicated

d)

Transcribed

24.

What is the process in which protein synthesis happens?

a)

DNA-->RNA--> Proteins

b)

DNA-->Proteins-->RNA

c)

Protein--->DNA--->RNA

d)

Protein Synthesis--> Transcription-->Translation

25.

Transcription take place in the

a)

Cytoplasm

b)

Cell Membrane

c)

Nucleus

d)

Ribosome

26.

Translation takes place in the

a)

Ribosome

b)

Nucleus

c)

Cytoplasm

d)

Mitochondria

27.

A group of 3 bases is known as

a)

Anticodon

b)

Codon

c)

Organelle

d)

A strand

28.

In mRNA, each codon specifies for a particular

a)

nucleotide

b)

Enzyme

c)

Amino Acid

d)

Monomers

29.

mRNA occurs during translation

a)

True

b)

False

30.

tRNA has anticodons and amino acids attached to it

a)

True

b)

False

31.

A chain of amino acids is called

a)

Polymer chain

b)

Polypeptide Chain

c)

RNA chain

d)

Protein Synthsis Chain

32.

DNA is made up of

a)

Ribosomes

b)

Amino Acids

c)

Nucleotides

d)

None of these

33.

The structure of a nucleotide consists of a

a)

A phosphate, A deoxyribose sugar, a nitrogenous base

b)

A phosphate base, Ribose sugar, a nitrogen

c)

DNA, RNA, Protein

d)

DNA, Protein, Amino Acids

34.

How many nitrogenous bases are there

a)

5

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

35.

Who discovered the structure of DNA

a)

Francis/Crick

b)

Crick/ Williams

c)

James/Watson

d)

Crick/Watson

36.

Structure of a DNA strand is

a)

Helix

b)

Double Helix

c)

Intertwined Strands

d)

Strands

37.

Base Pairing for DNA means the what bases are attracted to each other

a)

(A)denine->(T)hymine, (G)uanine->(C)ytosine

b)

(A)denine-> (C)ytosine,

(T)hymine->(G)uanine

c)

(A)denine->(U)racil, (G)uanine-> (C)ytosine

d)

None of these

38.

What is considered to be our blueprints?

a)

DNA

b)

RNA

c)

Nucleus

d)

Protein

39.

Which one is not a stopping Codon?

a)

UAG

b)

UAA

c)

AUG

d)

UGA

40.

What is the rule for base pairing in RNA

a)

A-->T

b)

C--->G

c)

A-->U

d)

U--->T

41.
The rules of DNA pairing states that Adenine (A) always pairs up with
a)
Thymine
b)
Cytosine
c)
Adenine
d)
Guanine
42.
The rules of DNA pairing states that Cytosine (C) always pairs up with
a)
Thymine
b)
Cytosine
c)
Adenine
d)
Guanine
43.
Which sequence of DNA bases would pair with this partial strand
CAT TCA CTG
a)
ATG TGA CAG
b)
TAC ACT GTC
c)
GTA AGT GAC
d)
CAT TCA CTG
44.
Name this structure
a)
double helix
b)
nucelotide
c)
twisted ladder
d)
hydrogen bond
45.

Replicate the following strand of DNA:

AATCATGGA

a)

AATCATGGA

b)

TTAGTACCT

c)

UUAGUACCU

d)

GGATAUCUA

46.

Replicate the following strand of DNA:

AATCATGGA

a)

AATCATGGA

b)

TTAGTACCT

c)

UUAGUACCU

d)

GGATAUCUA

47.

Which RNA bases would pair with CCG TAA in transcription?

a)

AUG CUU

b)

GGC AUU

c)

GCU ACC

d)

GCA ATT

48.

How would the DNA sequence GCTATA be transcribed to mRNA?

a)

GCUAUA

b)

CGATAT

c)

CGAUAU

d)

GCUTUT

49.

Which RNA bases would pair with TACGAA in transcription?

a)

AUGCUU

b)

ATGCTT

c)

GCATCC

d)

GCAUCC

50.

Transcribe the following DNA strand: CTG AAT

a)

GAC TTA

b)

CTG AAT

c)

GAC UUA

d)

CUG AAU

51.

How would the DNA sequence GCTATA be transcribed to mRNA?

a)

GCUAUA

b)

CGATAT

c)

CGAUAU

d)

GCUTUT

52.

How would the DNA sequence GCTATA be transcribed to mRNA?

a)

GCUAUA

b)

CGATAT

c)

CGAUAU

d)

GCUTUT

53.
DNA is copied during a process called ______________ which results in an identical copy of itself.
a)
Photosynthesis
b)
Transcription
c)
Replication
d)
Translation
54.
Which type(s) of RNA is(are) involved in protein synthesis?
a)
transfer RNA
b)
messenger RNA
c)
tRNA and mRNA
d)
tRNA, mRNA, and rRNA
55.
Genes contain instructions for assembling _______________.
a)
Nucleosomes
b)
Proteins
c)
Purines
d)
Pyrimidines
56.
Which of the following are found in both DNA and RNA?
a)
ribose, phosphate groups, and adenine
b)
phosphate groups, guanine, and cytosine
c)
phosphate groups, guanine, and thymine
d)
deoxyribose, phosphate groups, and guanine
57.
Which illustration of a chromosomal change best represents a chromosome mutation known as a deletion?
a)
ABCDEFG —> ABCDEF
b)
ABCDEFG —> ABEDCFG
c)
ABCDEFG —> ABCDEFGH
d)
ABCDEFG —> ABCDEFGKMN
58.
DNA replication results in two DNA molecules,
a)
each with two new strands.
b)
each with one new strand and one original strand.
c)
each with two original strands.
d)
one with two new strands and the other with two original strands.
59.
Unlike DNA, RNA contains...
a)
a phosphate group
b)
thymine
c)
guanine
d)
uracil
60.
What is produced during transcription?
a)
Protein
b)
tRNA
c)
mRNA
d)
DNA
61.
The order of nitrogenous bases in DNA determines the order of ______________ in proteins.
a)
nucleic acids
b)
lactic acids
c)
Phosphates
d)
amino acids
62.
In a portion of a gene, the nitrogenous base sequence is T-C-G-A-A-T.  Which nitrogenous base sequence would normally be found bonded to this section of the gene?
a)
A-C-G-T-A-A
b)
A-C-G-U-U-A
c)
A-G-C-T-T-A
d)
U-G-C-A-A-U
63.
DNA controls traits through the order of its--
a)
phosphates
b)
sugars
c)
carbons
d)
nitrogen bases
64.
How is information for a specific protein carried on the DNA molecule?
a)
As a pattern of phosphate and sugars
b)
In the double helix shape of the condensed chromosome
c)
As a sequence of nucleotides
d)
In the ratio of adenine to guanine
65.
Which type of RNA functions as a blueprint for the genetic code?
a)
mRNA
b)
tRNA
c)
rRNA
d)
RNA polymerase
66.
What happens during the process of translation?
a)
The cell uses information from messenger RNA to produce proteins.
b)
Messenger RNA is made from DNA.
c)
Copies of DNA molecules are made.
d)
Transfer RNA is made from messenger RNA.
67.
During translation, the type of amino acid that is added to the growing polypeptide depends on the:
a)
anticodon on the mRNA only.
b)
codon on the mRNA only.
c)
codon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the tRNA to which the amino acid is attached.
d)
anticodon on the tRNA to which the amino acid is attached only.
68.
In eukaryotes, DNA:
a)
floats freely in the cytoplasm
b)
is found in the nucleus
c)
is wrapped within the ribosome
d)
is circular
69.
During transcription, the _______________ between base pairs are broken.
a)
phosphate bonds
b)
peptide bonds
c)
hydrogen bonds
d)
double bonds
70.
A DNA nucleotide may contain--
a)
ribose, uracil, and a polypeptide.
b)
deoxyribose, cytosine, and a lipid.
c)
deoxyribose, thymine, and a phosphate group.
d)
ribose, adenine, and thymine.
71.
The polymer to the left most likely contains ________.
a)
ATP
b)
lipids
c)
ribose
d)
genes
72.
DNA strand:   TACAGGGTGCTACCCACT
What is the peptide chain that results from this strand of DNA?
a)
methionine, phenylalanine, histidine, aspartate, glycine
b)
a. methionine, leucine, histidine, aspartate, glycine
c)
methionine, serine, histidine, aspartate, glycine
d)
methionine, proline, histidine, aspartate, glycine
73.

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

a)

it makes the bases that makes up DNA

b)

it copies a section of DNA and uses the information to create the appropriate protein

c)

it helps DNA perform replication

d)

it makes the amino acids used in protein synthesis

74.

Where is mRNA made?

a)

in the nucleus

b)

in the ribosome

c)

in the mitochondria

d)

in the vacuole

75.

How is mRNA made?

a)

it forms when chromosomes are cut into sections or genes

b)

it forms when the DNA molecule is separated into its single DNA strands

c)

it "reads" the code (base sequences) in the DNA and forms a molecule of complementary bases

d)

it randomly gathers nitrogen bases in the nucleus and joins them via peptide bonds

76.

Does DNA have to replicated before mRNA can be made?

a)

No, DNA replication and mRNA synthesis are totally independent processes

b)

Yes, DNA needs to be replicated before the mRNA molecule can be formed

c)

Yes, these two processes are dependent upon each other

77.

The long string of bases at the bottom of the diagram is

a)

tRNA

b)

mRNA

c)

an anticodon

d)

an amino acid

78.

The orange structure in this diagram is

a)

an anticodon

b)

the large subunit of the ribosome

c)

the small subunit of the ribosome

d)

tRNA

79.

Transfer RNA is indicated by which structure in the diagram?

a)
b)
c)
d)
80.

The multicolor string of spheres represents

a)

a sugar

b)

a protein

c)

a nitrogen base

d)

phosphate group

81.

The bottom of the tRNA molecule joins with the mRNA molecule because it has the _____________ to the mRNA's codon.

a)

ribosomes

b)

anticodon

c)

nitrogen bases

d)

sugars

82.

The job of the "t-shaped" molecule in this diagram is to

a)

copy the genetic code from DNA

b)

bring amino acids to the ribosome so they can be made into a protein

c)

bring the code from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome in the cytoplasm

d)

synthesize amino acids

83.

Ribosomal RNA is a form of RNA that

a)

makes up a ribosome and catalyzes protein synthesis

b)

carries amino acids to the ribosome

c)

transfers the genetic code to the nucleus

d)

copies the genetic code from DNA

84.

Which nitrogen base is not a part of RNA molecules?

a)

thymine

b)

uracil

c)

adenine

d)

cytosine

e)

guanine

85.

In order for protein synthesis to occur, mRNA must leave the nucleus and travel to

a)

a ribosome in the cytoplasm

b)

a mitochondria in the cytoplasm

c)

a vacuole in the cytoplasm

d)

a chloroplast in the cytoplasm

86.

What must happen to the DNA molecule before mRNA can be created?

a)

DNA must duplicate itself

b)

the 2 DNA strands must separate

c)

DNA needs to exchange bases with RNA

d)

nothing needs to happed to the DNA molecule

87.

What enzyme in the nucleus helps mRNA form?

a)

DNA polymerase

b)

RNA polymerase

c)

pepsin

d)

nuclease

88.
Which two processes are involved in protein synthesis?
a)
Replication and Transcription
b)
Replication and Translation
c)
Transcription and Translation
89.
Within the eukaryotic cell, where does transcription occur?
a)
Nucleus
b)
Cytoplasm
c)
Ribosome
90.
Which of the following molecules is made during transcription?
a)
DNA
b)
tRNA
c)
protein
d)
mRNA
91.
Within the cell, where does translation occur?
a)
Nucleus
b)
Cytoplasm
c)
Ribosome
92.
Which of the following bases is found only in RNA?
a)
Adenine
b)
Guanine
c)
Thymine
d)
Uracil
93.
Which form of RNA contains the instructions for building a protein?
a)
amino RNA
b)
ribosomal RNA
c)
messenger RNA
d)
transfer RNA
94.
Which form of RNA carries amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosome?
a)
amino RNA
b)
ribosomal RNA
c)
transfer RNA
d)
messenger RNA
95.
Which form of RNA reads the instructions for protein assembly?
a)
amino RNA
b)
ribosomal RNA
c)
transfer RNA
d)
messenger RNA
96.
What are the three base segments of mRNA called?
a)
anticodons
b)
codons
c)
triplets
97.
What are the three base segments of tRNA called?
a)
anticodons
b)
codons
c)
triplets
98.
Transcribe the following sequence of DNA into RNA:
AAG   CTT   TGC
a)
TTC  GAA  ACG
b)
UUC  GAA ACG
c)
TTC  GUU  UCG
d)
UUC  GUU  UCG
99.
What is the monomer of DNA and RNA?
a)
amino acids
b)
nucleotides
c)
fatty acids
d)
monosaccharide
100.
Which of the following would be a DNA nucleotide?
a)
phosphate, deoxyribose, uracil
b)
phosphate, deoxyribose, thymine
c)
phosphate, ribose, uracil
d)
phosphate, ribose, thymine
101.
What type of bond holds together the two strands of the DNA double helix?
a)
Hydrogen Bond
b)
Peptide Bond
c)
Ionic Bond
d)
Disulfide Bond
102.
Which of the following terms refers to the two strands of the DNA double helix running in opposite directions?
a)
semi-conservative
b)
antiparallel
c)
inverted strands
d)
perpendicular
103.
What would be the complementary DNA strand for the following nucleotide sequence?
TCG ATA CGA
a)
AGC ATA GCT
b)
AGC TAT GCT
c)
AGC UAU GCU
d)
UGC TUT GCT
104.
Which scientist(s) built the 3D model of the DNA double helix?
a)
Watson and Crick
b)
Hershey and Chase
c)
Franklin
d)
Char gaff
105.
Which scientist(s) discovered that in any sample of DNA, the amount of A = T and the amount of C = G?
a)
Griffith
b)
Avery
c)
Chargaff
d)
Franklin
106.
Which of the following terms means that in each molecule of DNA made during replication there is one original strand and one new strand?
a)
Antiparallel
b)
Semi-conservative
c)
Complementary base-pairing
107.
During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?
a)
G1 Phase
b)
S Phase
c)
M Phase
d)
G2 Phase
108.
The two strands of DNA are held together by:
a)
Hydrogen Bonds
b)
Phosphodiester Bonds
c)
Glycolsyl Bonds
d)
Glycosidic Linkages
109.
In a molecule of double-stranded DNA, the amount of Adenine present is always equal to the amount of
a)
cytosine
b)
guanine
c)
thymine
d)
uracil
110.
What determines the code, or information, of a DNA molecule?
a)
the shape (structure) of the nitrogen bases
b)
the order (sequence) of the nitrogen bases
c)
the color of the nitrogen bases
d)
the frequency (number) of nitrogen bases
111.
A process in which DNA has the unique ability to make an exact copy of itself.
a)
Replication
b)
Translation
c)
Transcription
112.
Replicate the following strand of DNA: 
AATCATGGA
a)
AATCATGGA
b)
TTAGTACCT
c)
UUAGUACCU
d)
GGATAUCUA
113.
DNA replication results in two DNA molecules,
a)
each one with two original strands
b)
each one with two new strands
c)
each one with one new strand and one original strand
d)
one with two new strands and the other with two original strands
114.
RNA contains the sugar
a)
ribose
b)
deoxyribose
c)
glucose
d)
lactose
115.

Transcribe the following DNA strand: CTG AAT

a)

GAC TTA

b)

CTG AAT

c)

GAC UUA

d)

CUG AAU

116.
What is the correct amino acid sequence for the mRNA code AUGCCAGUAUGA
a)
Met-Pro-Ala-Val
b)
Met-Pro-Val
c)
Tyr-Gly-His
d)
Tyr-Gly-Arg-His
117.
One difference between DNA and RNA is that RNA....
a)
is double stranded 
b)
contains the base Thymine
c)
contains the base Uracil 
d)
contained the base Guanine
118.
The anti-codon 
a)
contains a sequence the same as the codon
b)
contains a sequence complementary to the codon 
c)
contains the base thymine
119.
tRNA is involved in
a)
carrying amino acids 
b)
carrying ribosomes
c)
carrying glucose
d)
carrying lipids
120.
Which organelle is DNA usually found in?
a)
cell membrane
b)
vacuole
c)
chloroplast
d)
nucleus
121.
Which process is happening in this picture?
a)
Transcription
b)
Translation
c)
Replication
122.
Which of the following molecules is created during TRANSCRIPTION?
a)
Protein
b)
DNA
c)
mRNA
d)
tRNA
123.
Which of the following molecules is created during TRANSLATION?
a)
Protein
b)
DNA
c)
mRNA
d)
tRNA
124.
What is the three base sequence of mRNA that codes for a single amino acid?
a)
Anticodon
b)
Codon
c)
Protein
125.
DNA has a _____________ structure. 
a)
double helix
b)
single strand
c)
ring 
d)
chain
126.
Which of the following units are repeatedly joined together to form a strand of DNA? (This is the MONOMER of DNA.) 
a)
amino acids
b)
nucleotides
c)
fatty acids
d)
polysaccharides
127.

Which of the following make up a nucleotide?

a)

Sugar, phosphate, and base

b)

Sugar, nitrate, and base

c)

Lipid, phospate, and sugar

d)

Protein, phosphate, and base

128.
What is a codon?
a)
a sequence of 3 amino acids
b)
a sequence of three nitrogen bases
c)
a sequence of 3 enzymes
d)
a sequence of 3 proteins
129.
The DNA nucleotide is composed of three parts. Which two components make up the nucleotide backbone?
a)
ribose sugar and base
b)
ribose sugar and phosphate group
c)
nitrogen base and deoxyribose sugar
d)
deoxyribose sugar and phosphate group
130.
Which type of RNA delivers the genetic code to the ribosome?
a)
tRNA
b)
mRNA
c)
rRNA
d)
tmRtmRNA
131.
What is the function of transfer RNA?
a)
It is a part of the ribosome.
b)
It bonds to other RNA molecules, leading to their destruction.
c)
It delivers the correct amino acid to the ribosome.
d)
It carries the information coding for the amino acid sequence of a protein.
132.
Which nucleotide is complementary to adenine?
a)
adenine
b)
thymine
c)
cytosine
d)
guanine
133.
Which of these is part of the description of protein?
a)
a folded chain of amino acids
b)
a folded chain of carbohydrates
c)
a branched chain of fatty acids
d)
a branched chain of nucleic acids
134.
Which most directly affects the sequence of amino acids in a protein?
a)
the DNA in the nucleus of the cell
b)
the amino acids found in the cytoplasm
c)
the type of cell in which the protein is made
d)
the region of the cell in which the protein is made
135.
How are the amino acids linked together during translation?
a)
by creating peptide bonds
b)
by creating hydrogen bonds
c)
by creating covalent bonds
d)
by creating phospate bonds
136.
How many amino acids can be represented by a single 3-base DNA sequence?
a)
1
b)
3
c)
6
d)
8
137.
DNA codes for __________ which determine ___________
a)
mRNA, tRNA
b)
mRNA, ribosomes
c)
proteins. traits
d)
proteins, peptide bonds
138.
Which correctly outlined the central dogma
a)
DNA --> mRNA --> rRNA
b)
DNA --> tRNA --> protein
c)
DNA --> mRNA --> protein
d)
DNA --> amino acid --> protein
139.
The drawing shows the structure of what molecule?
a)
A DNA molecule
b)
A lipid molecule
c)
A carbohydrate molecule
d)
A protein molecule
140.
Which of the following best defines a gene?
a)
A diploid cell containing two sets of chromosomes
b)
A unit made up of chromosomes that control for a specific trait
c)
A segment of DNA that codes for a particular protein
d)
All the other answers are correct.
141.
What is the difference between DNA and RNA
a)
DNA has uracil and RNA has thymine
b)
DNA is involved in transcription and RNA is involved in translation
c)
DNA contains thymine and RNA contains uracil
d)
DNA is made of nucleotides and RNA is not
142.
What will be the resulting mRNA from this DNA sequence:
GAT-TAC-AGA-TTA-CAT?
a)
CTA-ATG-TCT-AAT-GTA
b)
GAU-UAG-UGA-UUA-GUT
c)
CUA-AUG-UCU-AAU-GUA
d)
CAT-ACA-TAC-ATA-TAG
143.
What type of bonds hold the nitrogen bases in the DNA rungs together?
a)
ionic bonds
b)
hydrogen bonds
c)
peptide bonds
d)
james bonds
144.

What will be the complementary DNA sequence resulting from the following:

GAT-TAC-AGA-TTA-CAT?

a)

CTA-ATG-TCT-AAT-GTA

b)

GAU-UAG-UGA-UUA-GUT

c)

CUA-AUG-UCU-AAU-GUA

d)

CAT-ACA-TAC-ATA-TAG

145.
What monomers are DNA and RNA consisted of?
a)
nitrogen base
b)
nucleotides
c)
sugar-phosphate backbone
d)
blood
146.
Where do nucleotides joined to each other
a)
sugar and phosphate backbone 
b)
membranes
c)
polynucleotide
d)
adenine to cytocine
147.
DNA has a ______ strand; RNA has a ______ strand.
a)
double/double
b)
double/triple
c)
double/single
d)
single/single
148.
One strand of DNA/RNA that is composed of many nucleotides is a ______?
a)
nitrogenous base
b)
momnonucleotide
c)
backbone
d)
polynucleotide
149.
DNA replication is considered _____ because it uses the old strands as templates?
a)
RNA
b)
wasteful
c)
semiconservative 
d)
aggressive
150.
In how many directions does the DNA replication proceed at many sites simultaneously? 
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
151.
 What enzyme initiates DNA replication?
a)
DNA polymerase
b)
tRNA
c)
RNA polymerase
d)
mRNA
152.
Transcription is the production of ___ from ___.
a)
protein, RNA
b)
RNA , DNA
c)
DNA, RNA
d)
DNA, protein
153.
Translation is the production of ___ from ___.
a)
RNA, protein
b)
DNA, protein
c)
RNA, DNA
d)
protein, RNA
154.
What type of bond join the nitrogen bases together in DNA? 
a)
covalent
b)
hydrogen
c)
mutual
d)
peptide
155.
Which is not one of the three types of RNA?
a)
mRNA (messenger)
b)
rRNA (ribosomal)
c)
tRNA (transfer)
d)
nRNA (nitrogen)
156.
Identify the complementary DNA strand: ATTACGAT
a)
GAAGTGCA
b)
TAATGCTA
c)
TCTUCAAA
d)
CGGCACG
157.
In RNA, the nitrogen base____ replaces ____ that was present in DNA. 
a)
A, U (adenine, uracil)
b)
C, G (cytosine, guanine)
c)
U, T (uracil, thymine)
d)
U, A (uracil, adenine)
158.
What is the transcribed mRNA strand for CATTAA
a)
GUAAUU
b)
GTAATT
c)
AUGGUU
d)
CATTAA
159.
The "central dogma" states that genetic information flows from 
a)
Protein-->mRNA-->DNA
b)
Protein-->DNA-->mRNA
c)
mRNA-->DNA-->Protein
d)
DNA-->mRNA-->Protein
160.
The three parts of a nucleotide are 
a)
mRNA, phosphate, nitrogen base
b)
nitrogen base, phosphate, sugar
c)
sugar, phosphate, mRNA
d)
mRNA, nitrogen base, sugar
161.
The rungs of the DNA molecules consist of 
a)
a pair of nitrogen bases
b)
sugar and phosphate
c)
single strands
d)
single nitrogen bases
162.
The backbone (sides) of the DNA and RNA molecules are made of alternating 
a)
nitrogen bases and phosphates
b)
sugars and nitrogen bases
c)
phosphates and sugars
d)
nitrogen bases
163.
Transcription takes place in the 
a)
cytoplasm
b)
ribosome
c)
mitochondrion
d)
nucleus
164.
Translation occurs in the
a)
nucleus
b)
mitochondria
c)
cytoplasm
d)
golgi apparatus
165.
The codon (set of 3 nitrogen bases) codes for 1 of 20
a)
endoplasmic reticulum
b)
RNA
c)
genes
d)
amino acids
166.

How are DNA and RNA different? (CHECK ALL THAT APPLY)

a)

Only DNA can leave the nucleus

b)

RNA contains Thymine; DNA contains Uracil

c)

DNA is double stranded, RNA is a single stranded

d)

DNA contains Thymine, RNA contains Uracil

167.

Which organelle contains rRNA and reads the mRNA to synthesize a protein?

a)

Ribosome

b)

Nucleus

c)

Cytoplasm

d)

Nucleotide

168.

Choose the sequence of the mRNA strand that would match up with to the following DNA strand:

GTACAT

a)

CATGTA

b)

GAUCUA

c)

CAUGUA

d)

CUTGTU

169.

How many nucleotides code for 1 amino acid?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

170.

When these bond together, they form a protein

a)

Amino Acids

b)

Peptide Bonds

c)

Ribose

d)

Nucleotides

171.
What kinds of food can you get protein from in your diet?
a)
Eggs
b)
Meat and Fish
c)
Nuts and Legumes
d)
All of the above
172.

What is the monomer of a protein?

a)

monosaccharide

b)

glycerol/fatty acid

c)

amino acid

d)

nucleotide

173.

How many different amino acids are there?

a)

10

b)

18

c)

20

d)

Thousands

174.

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?

a)

Catalysts

b)

Long term energy

c)

Transport

d)

Structure

175.

What is the name for a chain of amino acids?

a)

Polypeptide chain

b)

Triglycerides

c)

Polysaccharides

d)

Nucleotides

176.

What does a catalyst do?

a)

slows down a chemical reaction

b)

speeds up a chemical reaction

c)

stops a chemical reaction

d)

starts a chemical reaction

177.
Does the order of amino acids in a protein matter?
a)
YES!
b)
NO!
178.

What happens when an enzyme is heated to a high temperature?

a)

The enzyme remains the same.

b)

The enzymes amino acid sequence changes.

c)

The shapes of the enzyme are altered or denatured.

d)

The enzyme dies.

179.

What happens to a protein when it is denatured?

a)
Activation energy is lowered.
b)
It becomes stronger.
c)
It loses its shape.
d)
Activation energy is raised.
180.

Which of the following is NOT a factor that could lead to denaturing in a protein?

a)

Too hot

b)

Too Cold

c)

Too Acidic

d)

Too much protein

181.

How do we denature the proteins we eat?

a)

Store them in the pantry

b)

Cook them

c)

Wash them

182.

Which process takes the directions of the DNA and turns into a RNA sequence?

a)

Transcription

b)

Translation

c)

Transformation

183.

Three nucleotides come together to form a

a)

enzyme

b)

Codon

c)

DNA

d)

RNA

184.
Any change in the sequence of DNA is...
a)
transgenic shift
b)
Single Genotype
c)
Monohybrid Trait
d)
Mutation
185.
Mutations affect the ________ of a protein. Because of this the proteins ______ is affected as well. 
a)
gene, function 
b)
sequence, gene
c)
shape,function
186.
Which best describes the role of free floating nucleotides (A, C, G, & T) in the illustration?
a)
They are recycled when the DNA is composed. 
b)
They are molecular machines the tare used to read ATP. 
c)
They are enzymes that are produced when the DNA is read. 
d)
They are the building blocks that are used to make new strands.
187.
Which type of bond, denoted by the arrows, allows DNA to be readily replicated?
a)
ionic bond
b)
peptide bond
c)
covalent bond
d)
hydrogen bond
188.
Which explains how the second strand of DNA compares with the first strand of DNA?
a)
The second is a complement of the first strand.
b)
The second has more nucleotides than the first strand.
c)
The second strand is a double helix, and the first strand is a double helix. 
d)
The second strand is coded to produce a different protein than the first strand. 
189.
During replication, the DNA template was exposed to show the sequence ACG. How will the complementary strand be arranged? 
a)
ACG
b)
CAT
c)
GTA
d)
TGC
190.
What are the primary components of a nucleotide? 
a)
base, phosphate, and sugar
b)
acid, base, and phosphate 
c)
base, oxygen, and phosphate
d)
acid, chlorine, and hydrogen
191.
Which nucleotide is complementary to adenine?
a)
adenine
b)
cytosine
c)
guanine
d)
thymine
192.
What is the complementary base to cytosine in DNA?
a)
uracil
b)
thymine
c)
guanine
d)
adenine 
193.
Which best describes the shape of a DNA molecule? 
a)
single helix 
b)
double helix
c)
single strand
d)
t-shaped strand
194.
What statement best describes the role of DNA in protein synthesis? 
a)
DNA carries the amino acid to the ribosomes. 
b)
DNA forms the structural parts of the ribosomes.
c)
DNA joins the chains of amino acids to form a protein. 
d)
DNA contains the information for building individual proteins. 
195.
The DNA sequence ACTCG produces which mRNA sequence during transcription? 
a)
TGAGC
b)
UGAGC
c)
ACTCG
d)
ACUCG
196.
During transcription, the genetic information for make in protein is rewritten Which molecule is formed during transcription? 
a)
transfer RNA
b)
ribosomal RNA
c)
messenger RNA
d)
transcriptional RNA
197.
What is the function of transfer RNA?
a)
It is a part of the ribosome. 
b)
It delivers the correct amino acid to the ribosome. 
c)
It bonds to other RNA molecules, leading to their destruction. 
d)
It carries the information coding for the amino acid sequence of a protein. 
198.
Which best describes the process of translation? 
a)
Translation occurs within he nucleus. 
b)
Translation involves copying a DNA strand. 
c)
An mRNA strand is produced by the process of translation. 
d)
A growing protein chain is produced by the process of translation. 
199.
What is a possible DNA sequence for the amino acid sequence phenylalanine-glycine-threonine? 
a)
UUU GGG ACC
b)
AAA CCC UGG
c)
TTT GGG ACC
d)
AAA CCC TGG
200.
Which of these shows the correct order for the central dogma of molecular biology?
a)
DNA to protein to RNA
b)
RNA to DNA to protein
c)
protein to DNA to RNA
d)
DNA to RNA to protein
201.
Transcription of the sequence TTAAG produces which sequence? 
a)
TTAAG 
b)
UUAAG
c)
AAUUC
d)
AATTC
202.
During protein synthesis, the RNA sequence UAC GAU CUA, is produced from then DNA sequence ATG CTA GAT. Which process is occurring? 
a)
translation
b)
transcription
c)
transmutation
d)
transformation
203.
Which best describes the information contained in genes? 
a)
instructions for assembling pyrimidines
b)
instructions for assembling purines
c)
instructions for assembling proteins
d)
instructions for assembling plasmids
204.
Which part of the DNA molecule determines an organism's traits? 
a)
hydrogen bond
b)
phospholipid group
c)
sugar-phosphate backbone
d)
complementary base pairing
205.
Which type of RNA delivers the genetic code to the ribosome?
a)
rRNA
b)
mRNA
c)
tRNA
d)
tmRNA
206.
Which best describes the role of mRNA in protein synthesis? 
a)
mRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome where they are connected to construct a protein.
b)
mRNA forms the peptide bonds connecting amino acids together to construct a protein 
c)
mRNA decodes the sequence of tRNA into the amino acids used to construct a protein
d)
mRNA brings the code of DNA to the ribosome where it is used to construct a protein
207.
Which best describes the role of free floating nucleotides (A, C, G, & T) in the illustration?
a)
They are recycled when the DNA is composed. 
b)
They are molecular machines the tare used to read ATP. 
c)
They are enzymes that are produced when the DNA is read. 
d)
They are the building blocks that are used to make new strands.
208.
Which type of bond, denoted by the arrows, allows DNA to be readily replicated?
a)
ionic bond
b)
peptide bond
c)
covalent bond
d)
hydrogen bond
209.
Which explains how the second strand of DNA compares with the first strand of DNA?
a)
The second is a complement of the first strand.
b)
The second has more nucleotides than the first strand.
c)
The second strand is a double helix, and the first strand is a double helix. 
d)
The second strand is coded to produce a different protein than the first strand. 
210.
During replication, the DNA template was exposed to show the sequence ACG. How will the complementary strand be arranged? 
a)
ACG
b)
CAT
c)
GTA
d)
TGC
211.
What are the primary components of a nucleotide? 
a)
base, phosphate, and sugar
b)
acid, base, and phosphate 
c)
base, oxygen, and phosphate
d)
acid, chlorine, and hydrogen
212.
Which nucleotide is complementary to adenine?
a)
adenine
b)
cytosine
c)
guanine
d)
thymine
213.
What is the complementary base to cytosine in DNA?
a)
uracil
b)
thymine
c)
guanine
d)
adenine 
214.
Which best describes the shape of a DNA molecule? 
a)
single helix 
b)
double helix
c)
single strand
d)
t-shaped strand
215.
What statement best describes the role of DNA in protein synthesis? 
a)
DNA carries the amino acid to the ribosomes. 
b)
DNA forms the structural parts of the ribosomes.
c)
DNA joins the chains of amino acids to form a protein. 
d)
DNA contains the information for building individual proteins. 
216.
The DNA sequence ACTCG produces which mRNA sequence during transcription? 
a)
TGAGC
b)
UGAGC
c)
ACTCG
d)
ACUCG
217.
During transcription, the genetic information for make in protein is rewritten Which molecule is formed during transcription? 
a)
transfer RNA
b)
ribosomal RNA
c)
messenger RNA
d)
transcriptional RNA
218.
What is the function of transfer RNA?
a)
It is a part of the ribosome. 
b)
It delivers the correct amino acid to the ribosome. 
c)
It bonds to other RNA molecules, leading to their destruction. 
d)
It carries the information coding for the amino acid sequence of a protein. 
219.
Which best describes the process of translation? 
a)
Translation occurs within he nucleus. 
b)
Translation involves copying a DNA strand. 
c)
An mRNA strand is produced by the process of translation. 
d)
A growing protein chain is produced by the process of translation. 
220.
What is a possible DNA sequence for the amino acid sequence phenylalanine-glycine-threonine? 
a)
UUU GGG ACC
b)
AAA CCC UGG
c)
TTT GGG ACC
d)
AAA CCC TGG
221.
Which of these shows the correct order for the central dogma of molecular biology?
a)
DNA to protein to RNA
b)
RNA to DNA to protein
c)
protein to DNA to RNA
d)
DNA to RNA to protein
222.
Transcription of the sequence TTAAG produces which sequence? 
a)
TTAAG 
b)
UUAAG
c)
AAUUC
d)
AATTC
223.
During protein synthesis, the RNA sequence UAC GAU CUA, is produced from then DNA sequence ATG CTA GAT. Which process is occurring? 
a)
translation
b)
transcription
c)
transmutation
d)
transformation
224.
Which best describes the information contained in genes? 
a)
instructions for assembling pyrimidines
b)
instructions for assembling purines
c)
instructions for assembling proteins
d)
instructions for assembling plasmids
225.
Which part of the DNA molecule determines an organism's traits? 
a)
hydrogen bond
b)
phospholipid group
c)
sugar-phosphate backbone
d)
complementary base pairing
226.
Which type of RNA delivers the genetic code to the ribosome?
a)
rRNA
b)
mRNA
c)
tRNA
d)
tmRNA
227.
Which best describes the role of mRNA in protein synthesis? 
a)
mRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome where they are connected to construct a protein.
b)
mRNA forms the peptide bonds connecting amino acids together to construct a protein 
c)
mRNA decodes the sequence of tRNA into the amino acids used to construct a protein
d)
mRNA brings the code of DNA to the ribosome where it is used to construct a protein
228.

DNA is related to

a)

Carbohydrates

b)

Photosynthesis

c)

Cellular Respiration

d)

Genetics

229.

What do organisms have in common?

a)

DNA sequence made of A,C,T,G

b)

DNA sequence is in the same order

c)

DNA sequence between organisms have nothing in common

d)

DNA sequence made of A,U,C,T,G

230.

What is "A"?

a)

Nucleotide

b)

Deoxyribose Sugar

c)

Nitrogenous base

d)

Phosphate

231.

What is "B"?

a)

Nucleotide

b)

Deoxyribose Sugar

c)

Nitrogenous base

d)

Phosphate

232.

What is "C"?

a)

Nucleotide

b)

Deoxyribose Sugar

c)

Nitrogenous base

d)

Phosphate

233.

What is the molecule in the image?

a)

Nucleotide

b)

Deoxyribose Sugar

c)

Nitrogenous base

d)

Phosphate

234.

What is the complimentary sequence of the following sequence:

GATCAG

a)

TGACAT

b)

GACATG

c)

CTAGTC

d)

CGACTA

235.

What do the dotted lines between the nitrogenous bases (A,T,C,G) represent in the image provided?

a)

Covalent bonds

b)

Ionic bonds

c)

Peptide bonds

d)

Hydrogen bonds

236.

What is bonded to Adenine in the image to form a section of the DNA molecule?

a)

Guanine and Phosphate group

b)

Cytosine and Deoxyribose sugar

c)

Thymine and Deoxyribose sugar

d)

Deoxyribose sugar and Phosphate group

237.

What determines the specific traits in an organism?

a)

The number of carbons in the DNA molecule.

b)

The number of hydrogen bonds that hold the strands of DNA together. 

c)

The sequence of nucleotide bases in the DNA molecule.

d)

The sequence of phosphates along each DNA strand. 

238.
The scientists who created an accurate model of the DNA double helix and won a Nobel Prize for this discovery
a)
Watson & Crick
b)
Watson, Crick, and Wilkins
c)
Wilkins & Crick
d)
Watson, Crick, Wilkins, and Franklin
239.
Which of the following best describes a DNA molecule?
a)
double helix
b)
contains ribose
c)
made of amino acids
d)
contains Uracil
240.
Which of the following units are repeatedly joined together to form a strand of DNA?
a)
amino acids
b)
nucleotides
c)
fatty acids
d)
polysaccharides
241.

In eukaryotes, DNA is usually found in the​ (a)   , while in prokaryotes, DNA is found in the ​ (b)   .

Choose from the below words
nucleus
cytoplasm
242.
Nitrogenous bases are joined by which type of bond?
a)
polar bonds
b)
ionic bonds
c)
covalent bonds
d)
hydrogen bonds
243.
What are the three components of a nucleotide?
a)

ribose, hydrogen, nitrogen base

b)

deoxyribose, oxygen, nitrogen base

c)

deoxyribose, phosphate, nitrogen base

d)

ribose, phosphate, protein

244.
DNA and RNA are macromolecules in the category of
a)
Proteins
b)
Lipids
c)
Nucleic Acids
d)
Carbohydrates
245.
Which of the following is a base that is NOT contained in DNA?
a)
Adenine
b)
Thymine
c)
Uracil
d)
Guanine
246.
Which 2 molecules form the sides (backbone) of the DNA ladder?
a)
deoxyribose sugar and adenine
b)
deoxyribose sugar and a hydrogen bond
c)
deoxyribose sugar and the nucleus
d)
deoxyribose sugar and phosphate
247.
If there is 37% guanine how much cytosine is there?
a)
77%
b)
47%
c)
37%
d)
57%
248.
What does DNA stand for?
a)
Deoxyribonucleic acid
b)
Denitrogenous acid
c)
Deribonucleic acid
d)
Diribonucleic acid
249.
How did Rosalind Franklin's photo 51 affect th work of Watson and Crick?
a)
It was used to determine the physical structure of DNA
b)
It was used to identify the four bases that make up DNA
c)
It was used to determine the theory of independent assortment
d)
It was used to show DNA was the molecule of inheritance
250.
Franklin used x-ray crystallography to determine the shape of the DNA molecule is
a)
a cloverleaf
b)
a braided rope
c)
a pleated sheet
d)
a twisted ladder
251.
Who was responsible for determining the structure of DNA?
a)
Watson and Crick
b)
Chargaff
c)
Rosalind Franklin
d)
All of the above
252.

Which of these are purines (larger nitrogenous bases?) CHOOSE 2

a)

Adenine

b)

Thymine

c)

Cytosine

d)

Guanine

253.

Which of these are pyrimidines (smaller nitrogenous bases?) CHOOSE 2

a)

Adenine

b)

Thymine

c)

Cytosine

d)

Guanine

254.

The sugar in DNA is called

a)

glucose

b)

deoxyribose

c)

ribose

d)

phosphate

255.

Match the following

a)

Avery

1.

Genetic material is DNA (not protein)

b)

Hershey & Chase

2.

Viruses have DNA too

c)

Miescher

3.

Discovered the DNA molecule

d)

Chargaff

4.

discovered the base pairing rules for DNA

e)

Griffith

5.

Discovered transformation using pneumonia bacteria

256.

Chargraff's Rule says that

a)

A pairs with C

b)

C pairs with G

c)

G pairs with T

d)

T pairs with A

257.
Chargraff's Rule says that
a)
Adenine will be equal to Thymine
b)
Cytosine will be equal to Thymine
c)
Uracil will be equal to Guanine
d)
Adenine will be equal to Cytosine

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