Who would be best served by the development of a solid scientific base for nursing practice?

A best source of evidence for nursing practice is:

It is true in relation to a Positivist Paradigm. Select all that apply:

It is true about a positivist scientific method, EXCEPT

The following research question was addressed in what type of study? “What is it like for women to be the victims of physical abuse?”

The following research question was addressed in what type of study? “What does it mean to a patient to receive a diagnosis that he or she has colon cancer?”

The following research question was addressed in what type of study? “Do the babies of women who do not get prenatal care have lower birth weights than other babies”

The following research question was addressed in what type of study? “What is the effect of a nursing smoking cessation intervention on the number of cigarettes that patients smoke?”

Purposes of Nursing research are:

Evidence Based Practice integrates. Select all that apply:

For the following research question, identify the component that is underlined as either the P, I, C, or O component: “Among community-dwelling elders, does fear of falling affect their quality of life?”

For the following research question, identify the component that is underlined as either the P, I, C, or O component: “Does amount of social support among women with multiple sclerosis affect disability to a greater degrees than illness duration?”

_________ are at the pinnacle of many evidence hierarchies

For the following research question, identify the component that is underlined as either the P, I, C, or O component: “Among children age 5 to 10 years, does participation in the metropolitan Youth Fitness Initiative result in better cardiovascular fitness than participation in routine school play activities?”

For the following research question, identify the component that is underlined as either the P, I, C, or O component: “Does chronic stress contribute to fatigue among patients with a traumatic head injury?”

For the following research question, identify the component that is underlined as either the P, I, C, or O component: “Among older adults in a long-term care setting, does a reminiscence program reduce depressive symptoms?”

For the following research question, identify the component that is underlined as either the P, I, C, or O component: “Among clients undergoing methadone maintenance therapy, are men more likely than women to be heavy cigarette smokers?”

For the following research question, identify the component that is underlined as either the P, I, C, or O component: “Does family involvement in diabetes management affect glucose control among immigrants with Type 2 diabetes?”

In a qualitative study entitled “Parental adaptation to childhood leukemia” which is the independent variable?

Which qualitative research tradition involves the discovery of a core variable that is central in explaining what is going on in a social scene?

The term subject is used in:

Which study title could not use an experimental design?

Which statement expresses a relationship?

Which step would not be undertaken in a nonexperimental quantitative study?

What is the first phase in the research process for a quantitative study?

In a phenomenological study, which is an example of data?

Which step is more characteristic of a qualitative than a quantitative study?

In which phase does a quantitative researcher collect and code the data?

Which is a possible cost of participating in a study?

Women interviewed in a study about mastectomy are told that the information they provide will not be individually divulged. This is called:

When information about ethical procedures in a journal article is limited, which single statement would provide readers with some assurance that human subjects were protected?

Unmarked questionnaires are distributed to a class of nursing students. The instructions indicate that responses will not be individually divulged. This is called:

When researchers perform a risk/benefit assessment of a study’s ethical dimensions, what risks and benefits should they be considering?

Which ethical safeguard is exemplified I the following? “Study participants in a qualitative study of the experience of living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease renegotiate the terms of their participation each time they are interviewed.”

What does informed consent imply?

Who would be a member of a vulnerable group?

Which ethical principle does the maxim “above all, do no harm” exemplify?

Which is a possible cost of participating in a study?

In which section of a research report does the author summarize the study’s background, methods, findings, and conclusions?

Which strategy is used by quantitative researchers to enhance rigor and reduce bias?

In assessing the degree to which the findings of a quantitative study are accurate and valid, which dimension would be especially important to critique?

In which section of a research report would the following sentence most likely appear? “It was hypothesized that social support is positively related to psychological adjustment following a mastectomy”

Which aspect should not be considered in critiquing the strength of evidence in a qualitative study?

What is a major purpose of a research critique?

Why are reports on quantitative studies more difficult to comprehend than reports on qualitative studies?

The variable that needs to be controlled – that is, eliminated or held constant – in a quantitative study is the:

Statistical tests are basically used  to:

In which section of a research report does the author describe data collection strategies?

In displaying bibliographic information for a journal article, which datum is not included in an electronic database entry?

“A person’s income is related to his or her difficulty in accessing heath care.” This sentence is:

“Many nursing students are interested in obtaining advance degrees.” This sentence is:

“There is no relationship between women’s participation in prenatal classes and the heath outcomes of their infants.” This sentence is:

“First-born infants have higher concentrations of estrogens and progesterone in umbilical cord blood than do later born infants.” This sentence is:

The MEDLINE database can be accessed for free through ________

When doing a database search, one begins with one or more _____

A research journal article written by the researchers who conducted a study is a(n) ______ source for a research review:

In which qualitative research tradition is a literature review least likely to be done prior to going into the field to collect data?

To a nurse seeking evidence on a question, a literature review article in a journal would be considered:

“Psychiatric patients’ adherence to social rules is related to their violent behavior” is:

Which should the nurse not include in a written research review of the literature?

What is a major purpose of doing a literature review?

Hypotheses to be tested are frequently articulated in:

“Hypertensive patients who undergo a biofeedback self-management training program will have lower blood pressure readings than patients who do not 3 months after the start of the program.” This sentence could best be described as a:

In the hypothesis “there is a difference between elderly study participants with sedentary lifestyle and elderly study participants with active lifestyle in the elders’ perceived level of self-efficacy,” which is the independent variable?

“The goal of this study was to examine the influence of uncertainty on emotional distress and recovery following myocardial infarction (MI).” This sentence could best be described as a:

What does a hypothesis express when stated in the null form?

Which statement would be best described as a statement of purpose for a quantitative study?

In the hypothesis “Postmenopausal women who are employed full-time are less likely to practice breast self-examination than those who are not employed full-time,” which is the outcome (dependent) variable?

A key threat to internal validity, stemming from preexisting group differences is the:

Intervention studies in which there is no randomization to treatment conditions are called:

A study which has a nonexperimental design involving the comparison of a case and a matched counterpart is:

Data are collected a single point in time in a study called:

The type of validity referring to the generalizability of results is:

The degree to which it can be inferred that the independent variable caused or influenced the outcome variable is:

In a prospective (cohort) design, it is correct to say that:

The techniques of randomization, homogeneity, and matching are called:

Researches use the strategy of _________________ (or masking) to guard against expectations biases.

The allocation of subjects to groups by chance is called:

The conceptual underpinnings of a study is known as its ___________________________

The loss of subjects from a study over time is called:

This design refers to a study in which the same subjects are exposed to two or more condition in random order:

Good research design in quantitative studies involves achieving four types of:

The four elements in conceptual models of nursing are. Select all that apply:

A mechanism for representing concepts with a minimal use of words is called:

A theory that focuses on a specific aspect of human experience is sometimes called ___________

A theory that thoroughly accounts for or describes a phenomenon is called:

Abstractions assembled because of their relevance to a core theme form a _______

Qualitative designs that require an ongoing analysis of data to suggest profitable new strategies are called:

. 

Grounded theorists use an analytic strategy called:

In Qualitative studies, the systematic collection and analysis of materials relating to the past is known as:

Grounded theory researchers often identify a social process that explains how people resolve a problem:

To hold in abeyance their presuppositions about a phenomenon, Descriptive phenomenologists use the strategy called:

Interpretive phenomenology (Hermeneutics)  focuses on:

A phenomenological question is:

What kind of experiences Phenomenologists study?

An ethnography that studies small units in a group or culture is called:

Ethnographers typically undertake ______________ observation as a data collection strategy during their fieldwork:

A type of sampling that involves recruiting every eligible person over a specified period of time.

Probability sampling involves the selection of samples members:

The most widely used type of sampling in quantitative research:

In quantitative studies, the key criterion for evaluating a sample is its:

The broad class of sampling in which every element of a population has an equal chance of being selected is:

A sampling that involves sampling by convenience, but within specified subgroups of the population, to enhance representativeness, is:

Subdivisions of a population are called:

An aggregate set of people /objects with specified characteristics is a:

The total number of participants in a study is known as the study’s:

Specifications for a population are identified in the:

The type of research that integrates qualitative and quantitative data is

When a researcher uses existing data to answer new questions, this is called

The type of study that focuses on developing or improving research strategies is called:

A multiphase effort to refine and test the effectiveness of a clinical treatment is called:

The paradigm most often associated with mixed methods research is called:

In mixed methods research, the design notation of a plus sign (+) designates a design that is:

In mixed methods research, the design notation of an arrow (à)designates a design that is:

The notation QUAL à quan signifies a design in which:

In the notation QUAL + quan, the dominant strand is the:

A type of sampling based on referrals from early participants is a:

Data are recorded in logs and field notes:

Is the primary source of data in phenomenological research:

A technique for gathering in-depth information from 5 to10 informants simultaneously is called:

A completely unstructured interview typically begins with a question to begin an undirected conversation. This question is called:

An interview that is guided by an established list of topics or broad questions is:

The principle used by qualitative researchers to determine when to stop sampling is called:

A type of purposive sampling that involves deliberate attempts to draw from diverse groups is

A sampling approach in which participants are intentionally selected by the researches to fulfill the needs of the study is known as:

A sampling that is preferred by grounded theory researches:

The nurse knows the student is not correct when saying:

When reading a research journal article, the nursing student knows that the research design will be described in:

he student knows that it is correct to say about a Theory. Select all that apply:

What type of theory focuses on more specific phenomena of interest?

The design that best reveal cause-and-effect relationship is:

The ability of an instrument to correctly identify a case is called:

The type of sampling more often used is:

In qualitative studies, a critical concern is to access:

Which design can be adjusted to what is being learned during data collection?

A nurse researcher is studying adolescents addicted to drugs. The researcher asks the early participants to refer others in the same conditions. This type of sampling is called:

Credibility in Qualitative researches is:

In a normal distribution of results of Quantitative analysis, 95% of the values are:

The mode in a Quantitative analysis is:

An Ethnographic study:

A measurement error is: