According to Stronge (2007), research shows that instructional planning

for effective teaching has the following elements except one:

This is the lesson opening or the “beginning” of lesson implementation.

This is the “middle” or main part of the lesson. During this time, the teacher presents the new material to the class.

This is the lesson closing or the “end” of the lesson. This can be done through different “wrap-up” activities.

Below are examples of different instructional strategies

briefly explained (Saskatchewan Education 1991): It is systematic, structured and sequential teaching. Its basic steps include presenting the

material, explaining, and reinforcing it.

Below are examples of different instructional strategies

briefly explained (Saskatchewan Education 1991): It is a teaching strategy in which the learner is an active and not passive participant.

Below are examples of different instructional strategies

briefly explained (Saskatchewan Education 1991): It is teaching that addresses learners’ need to be active in their learning and interact with

others including their teachers and peers.

Below are examples of different instructional strategies

briefly explained (Saskatchewan Education 1991): It is teaching students by directly involving them in a learning experience. This strategy

emphasizes the process and not the product of learning.

Below are examples of different instructional strategies

briefly explained (Saskatchewan Education 1991): Methods aim to develop learners’ initiative, self-reliance, and self-improvement and include assigned questions, correspondence lessons, computer assisted instruction,

essays, homework, learning contracts, reports, research projects, etc.

Features of the K to 12 Curriculum: This means that students learn

concepts while young and learn the same concepts repeatedly at a higher degree of complexity as they move from one grade level to another.

Features of the K to 12 Curriculum: This means that in

planning lessons, teachers should provide learners with opportunities to organize or re-organize their thinking and construct knowledge that is meaningful to them (Piaget 1950). This

Features of the K to 12 Curriculum: This means providing multiple learning options in the classroom so that learners of varying interests, abilities, and needs are able to take in the same content appropriate to their needs, According to Ravitch (2007), differentiation is instruction that aims to “maximize each student s growth by recognizing that students have different ways of learning, different interests, and different ways of responding to instruction.

Planning lessons increases a teacher’s chances of carrying out a lesson successfully. It also allows teachers to be more confident before starting a lesson.

Through the preparation of effective lesson plans, teachers are able to relearn what they need to teach.