Catalytic converters come in two types: ________ and ________.

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Oxygen makes up the largest percentage of air in Earth's atmosphere.

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If a vehicle passes a(n) ________ test with clean results, that is a good indication that all of the engine systems and the engine itself are operating well.

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Which of the following ensures that hydrocarbons are not released into the atmosphere when fuel in the fuel tank begins to vaporize and build pressure?

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Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) systems began to appear on the automobile around _______ and became a mandatory part of emission controls.

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In older vehicles, crankcase vapors were vented directly to the atmosphere through a(n) ________ tube or road-draft tube. Modern vehicles now use a ___________ to recirculate the crankcase vapors back into the intake manifold.

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Replacement of gaskets in the crankcase to fix oil leaks due to pressure build-up will eventually cause _______.

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If a PCV valve is sludged up or sticky, then the PCV valve must be ________.

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Physical damage to a catalytic converter can occur under all of the following conditions EXCEPT:

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In which of these cases is the catalytic converter most likely to be saved?

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The hoses of the EVAP system carry hydrocarbon vapors from the fuel tank to the ________ and then to the engine to be burned.

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A vehicle with an EVAP-related concern is diagnosed. Tech A states that a scan tool can be used to pull any diagnostic codes. Tech B states that if there are no diagnostic codes, the scan tool can be used to view the live sensor and actuator data. Who is correct?

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Excessive valve stem-to-guide clearance in a vehicle will lead to _______.

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A white colored exhaust can be caused due to a(n) ________.

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Identify a drivability concern typically caused by EGR valves:

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Tech A says that the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve does not function at idle. Tech B says that the EGR valve will not function during wide-open throttle (WOT). Who is correct?

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The air injection electrical system controls the operation of the _______ and, in some cases, the electric air pump.

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Tech A states that to verify if the oxygen sensor is functioning properly, pinch the rubber supply hose from the air pump and check for fluctuations in the oxygen sensors output signal. Tech B states that the oxygen sensor readings can be viewed with the help of a scan tool. Who is correct?

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Burning 1 gallon of gasoline will create _______ gallon(s) of water.

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Any vehicle produced after 1996 monitors catalyst efficiency by using one oxygen sensor.

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There are four different types of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valves.

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The use of a system called _______ began in the late 1960's to limit hydrocarbon release from the engine during cold engine operation.

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What will happen if blowby gases are not removed from the crankcase of a vehicle?

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Tech A states that overheated catalysts cannot be restored and must be replaced. Tech B states that overheated catalysts can be easily restored by driving the vehicle for an extended time under a moderate load. Who is correct?

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Tech A says that the PCM monitors the pre-cat and post-cat oxygen sensors to determine catalytic converter efficiency. Tech B says that a catalytic converter can be tested by graphing the oxygen sensor readings on a scan tool or lab scope and comparing them. Who is correct?

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If the vapor line between the charcoal canister and the fuel tank is ruptured, _______.

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In case of a leak in the EVAP system, _______ can be released into the atmosphere.

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Tech A says that black exhaust indicates a very rich-running engine. Tech B says that white exhaust can indicate coolant in the exhaust. Who is correct?

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The ________ effect occurs when the exhaust gases moving out of the combustion chamber create a low-pressure area in the exhaust manifold, helping to pull air and fuel into the cylinder.

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