It helps us understand where things are, why they are there, and how they affect our lives

It mainly teaches us how to predict the weather.

It is mostly about maps and directions.

It focuses only on landforms and oceans.

People

Earth

Maps

Study

Water

Map

To write about or study

People

Biology and Chemistry

Physical Geography and Human Geography

Oceanography and Astronomy

History and Literature

Human geography studies maps; physical geography studies history.

Human geography studies rocks and rivers; physical geography studies cities and governments.

Human geography studies people, cultures, and communities; physical geography studies landforms, water, weather, and nature.

Human geography studies animals; physical geography studies plants.

Human Geography

Physical Geography

Cultural Geography

Economic Geography

Mountains, rivers, and oceans

Population, cultural, and economic

Volcanoes, earthquakes, and tsunamis

Weather, climate, and seasons

History, Science, Math, Reading, Art

Latitude, Longitude, Mountains, Rivers, Cities

Continents, Oceans, Climate, Maps, Culture

Location, Place, Movement, Region, Human-Environment Interaction

North and South

Absolute and Relative

Urban and Rural

Physical and Cultural

• Place → Africa

• Human-Environment Interaction → The Pacific Ocean

• Movement → Mountains and rivers

• Region → 48.8584° N, 2.2945° E

• Place → Eiffel Tower in Paris

• Human-Environment Interaction → People build dams and cities

• Movement → Goods and people traveling between countries

• Region → The Sahara Desert

• Place → Europe

• Human-Environment Interaction → Forests

• Movement → Schools and hospitals

• Region → Paris

• Place → Europe

• Human-Environment Interaction → Forests

• Movement → Schools and hospitals

• Region → Paris

Absolute: 48.8584° N, 2.2945° E; Relative: In the center of Paris, near the Seine River

Absolute: Near the Eiffel Tower; Relative: 48.8584° N, 2.2945° E

Absolute: In Paris; Relative: In France

Absolute: Europe; Relative: Northern Hemisphere

They were chiseled on stone

They were drawn in dirt

They were carved in the bark of trees

All of the above

A drawing that shows only the countries in one continent

A map that shows the entire Earth’s surface

A map of North and South America

A map that shows only oceans and no land

A flat drawing of a neighborhood

A tool used to measure distance

A map that shows only one continent

A ball-shaped model of the Earth

Maptologist

Historian

Cartographer

Globologist

Land Surveyor – designs parks and recreational areas
• Architect – guides hikers using maps
• Teacher – maps out property lines

Land Surveyor – teaches students about cities and countries
• Architect – draws political boundaries only
• Teacher – measures land for building projects

Land Surveyor – measures and maps land for construction or property boundaries
• Architect – designs buildings and plans using maps for layouts
• Teacher – uses maps to teach geography and social studies

Land Surveyor – creates weather maps
• Architect – measures rivers and mountains
• Teacher – builds roads and bridges

Encyclopedia

Atlas

Dictionary

Bible

A map changes shape when rotated, while a globe stays the same shape.

A map always shows the entire world, while a globe only shows continents.

A map shows Earth’s features on a flat surface, while a globe represents Earth as a sphere.

A map is three-dimensional, while a globe is flat.

true

false

Title, inset, compass rose, scale, legend, latitude bands, distance markers

Title, border, inset, compass rose, scale, legend, grid lines

Border, grid lines, inset, orientation arrow, elevation key, scale

Title, compass rose, border, landforms key, scale bar, coordinate boxes

Inset

Grid lines

Legend

Title

The height and shape of the land

The symbols used to explain features

The boundaries of places shown on the map

The direction of north and south

To show a smaller or zoomed-in map inside the larger map

To show the directions

To display the meaning of symbols

To measure elevation and land height

To show which direction is north

To show how distances on the map related to real-world distances

To identify the symbols used on the map

To compare sizes of different landforms

The place is found at column B and row 4 on the grid

The place is 4 km from point B

The place is the 4th city in area B

The place is at 4° latitude

A word scale represents distances using proportional circles, while a bar scale uses a straight line

A word scale shows distances numerically only, while a bar scale uses both numbers and symbols

A word scale uses words to describe distances (e.g., “1 cm = 10 km”), while a bar scale is a graphic line showing distances visually

A word scale measures elevation or relief, while a bar scale measures distances

Step 1 – Estimate the distance with your finger; Step 2 – Multiply by 10; Step 3 – Round to the nearest city

Step 1 – Place a paper or ruler between the two points; Step 2 – Mark the distance between the points on the map; Step 3 – Place the paper or ruler on the scale and read the distance

Step 1 – Draw a line between the points; Step 2 – Count the grid squares crossed; Step 3 – Ignore the scale

Step 1 – Measure only rivers; Step 2 – Convert to inches; Step 3 – Add 5 km to your answer

It is a list of important cities shown on the map

It is the map key – a guide that explains symbols and colors on a map

It is a section that shows the climate of the region

It is a chart that compares the population of different areas

A set of intersecting lines that form squares which help locate places using coordinates

A key that explains symbols on the map

A smaller map inside a larger map

A scale that shows distances between places

Equator and Prime Meridian only

Meridians and Tropics only

Latitude and longitude

Compass lines and borders

East to west (horizontally)

North to south (vertically)

Diagonally from corner to corner

In circles around the poles only

Equators – around the middle of the Earth

Tropics – diagonally across the globe

Parallels – east to west (horizontally)

Meridians – north to south (vertically)

The elevation or height of the land

Rivers and lakes only

Political boundaries between countries

Roads and highways

• Close lines → gentle slopes

• Wide lines → steep slopes

• Closed loops → rivers

• V-shaped lines → hills

• Close lines → steep slopes

• Wide lines → gentle slopes

• Closed loops → hills or mountains

• V-shaped lines → valleys or rivers

• Close lines → flat land

• Wide lines → mountains

• Closed loops → valleys

• V-shaped lines → plateaus

• Close lines → hills

• Wide lines → cliffs

• Closed loops → rivers

• V-shaped lines → plains

A map always shows the entire world, while an aerial photo only shows countries

A map is a drawn or digital representation of an area, while an aerial photo is a real-life image taken from above

A map cannot show physical features, while an aerial photo only shows mountains and rivers

A map changes when rotated, while an aerial photo always stays the same size

Marker – a tool used to draw on the map

Signal – a warning for travelers

Sign – something that represents something else

Indicator – a line showing direction

Names of cities and countries written on a map

Lines that show the borders between countries

Pictures, shapes, or colors used on a map to represent real-world features

Measurements of distance between two points on a map

They change the scale of the map depending on the area

They provide the latitude and longitude of every location

They show the exact size of objects on the ground

They allow map readers to understand and identify features quickly without lots of words

Red – cities
• Green/Purple – forests
• Brown – deserts
• Blue – sky

Red – political boundaries
• Green/Purple – farmland
• Brown – hills and mountains
• Blue – clouds

Red – main roads
• Green/Purple – land areas
• Brown/Yellow – highlands, mountains, or hills
• Blue – water features (rivers, lakes, oceans)

Red – highways
• Green/Purple – parks and fields
• Brown – cliffs and valleys
• Blue – sky

1 – Church
2 – Bridge
3 – Lake
4 – School
5 – Airport
6 – Mountain
7 – Railroad
8 – River

1 – Temple
2 – Tunnel
3 – Pond
4 – Library
5 – Airport
6 – Hill
7 – Railroad
8 – Stream

1 – Chapel
2 – Overpass
3 – Reservoir
4 – Academy
5 – Airport
6 – Peak
7 – Railroad
8 – Waterfall

1 – Cathedral
2 – Road Crossing
3 – Lagoon
4 – College
5 – Airport
6 – Volcano
7 – Railroad
8 – Canal

city/settlement

shopping mall

capital city

hospital

lamp pole

road

stream

bridge

A city/settlement

Forest

Hospital

Train station

Climate zones and weather patterns

Land heights, mountains, and valleys

Country names, cities, capitals, and borders

Rivers, lakes, and natural landforms

Climate types and weather patterns

Population density and economic activities

Country borders, capitals, and major cities

Landforms such as mountains, rivers, lakes, and plains

A map that shows countries, capitals, and borders

A map that shows the shape and height of the land using contour lines

A map that displays climate zones and temperature patterns

A map that shows roads, highways, and travel routes

A map that shows only physical features like mountains and rivers

A map that displays political boundaries and capitals

A map that focuses on a specific topic or theme, such as population, climate, or resources

A map that shows roads, highways, and transportation routes

Because they show country borders and cities

Because they sometimes show the shape and elevation of the land using contour lines

Because they focus on a specific theme or topic

Because they display roads and transportation networks

North, South, East, West

Northeast, Southeast, Southwest, Northwest

Up, Down, Left, Right

North, South, Northeast, Southwest

Up, Down, Left, Right, Northeast, Northwest, Southeast, Southwest

North, South, East, West, Northeast, Northwest, Southeast, Southwest

North, South, East, West only

Northeast, Northwest, Southeast, Southwest only

North, South, East, West, Up, Down, Left, Right, Northeast, Northwest, Southeast, Southwest, Far North, Far South, Far East, Far West

North, East, South, West repeated four times

N, NNE, NE, ENE, E, ESE, SE, SSE, S, SSW, SW, WSW, W, WNW, NW, NNW

N, S, E, W, NN, SS, EE, WW, WN, SW, NW, EW, ES, NS, EN, SE

Rotations

Directions

Headings

Bearings

To measure distances between two locations

To indicate accurate directions using degrees

To show elevation above sea level

To determine speed of travel

Continents

Countries

Cities

Peninsula

5

7

9

6

Pacific Ocean
Atlantic Ocean

Indian Ocean

Arctic Ocean

Coral Ocean

African Ocean

Southern/ Antarctic Ocean

A1 – Atlantic Ocean
A2 – Pacific Ocean
B1 – Arctic Ocean
B2 – Indian Ocean
C – Pacific Ocean
D – Southern Ocean
E – Atlantic Ocean

A1 – Pacific Ocean
A2 – Pacific Ocean
B1 – Arctic Ocean
B2 – Arctic Ocean
C – Atlantic Ocean
D – Southern Ocean
E – Indian Ocean

A1 – Indian Ocean
A2 – Atlantic Ocean
B1 – Southern Ocean
B2 – Pacific Ocean
C – Arctic Ocean
D – Atlantic Ocean
E – Pacific Ocean

A1 – Arctic Ocean
A2 – Indian Ocean
B1 – Atlantic Ocean
B2 – Southern Ocean
C – Pacific Ocean
D – Pacific Ocean
E – Arctic Ocean