WorksheetsSet 2: The Urinary System and the Nephrons
Total questions: 40
Worksheet time: 40mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
What are the major organs of the urinary system?
a)
Kidneys, Liver, Bladder, Urethra
b)
Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder, Urethra
c)
Kidneys, Ureters, Stomach, Urethra
d)
Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder, Esophagus
2.
What is the primary role of the kidneys?
a)
Digestion of food
b)
Waste excretion
c)
Oxygen transportation
d)
Nutrient absorption
3.
What does urine primarily consist of?
a)
Mostly water, with inorganic and organic wastes
b)
Mostly blood, with inorganic and organic wastes
c)
Mostly salts, with inorganic and organic wastes
d)
Mostly proteins, with inorganic and organic wastes
4.
Where is urine stored before it is released into the environment?
a)
Kidneys
b)
Ureters
c)
Bladder
d)
Urethra
5.
What is the main difference between the male and female urinary system?
a)
The number of kidneys
b)
The length of the urethra
c)
The size of the bladder
d)
The structure of the nephron
6.
What is the outer layer of the kidney called?
a)
Renal cortex
b)
Renal medulla
c)
Renal pelvis
d)
Renal artery
7.
What is the hollow opening in the center of the kidney called?
a)
Renal cortex
b)
Renal medulla
c)
Renal pelvis
d)
Renal vein
8.
Approximately what percentage of cardiac output goes through the kidneys?
a)
0.05
b)
0.1
c)
0.2
d)
0.5
9.
How does blood flow through the kidneys?
a)
Renal vein to renal artery
b)
Renal artery to renal vein
c)
Renal pelvis to renal cortex
d)
Renal cortex to renal pelvis
10.
What increases the surface area inside the kidneys?
a)
The large number of blood vessels
b)
The numerous nephrons
c)
The convoluted tubules
d)
The loop of Henle
11.
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
a)
The renal artery
b)
The renal vein
c)
The nephron
d)
The ureter
12.
Where does filtration primarily occur in the nephron?
a)
Bowman's capsule
b)
Glomerular capillaries
c)
Afferent arteriole
d)
Efferent arteriole
13.
What is the process of moving materials from the blood into the filtrate called?
a)
Filtration
b)
Secretion
c)
Reabsorption
d)
Excretion
14.
What is the filtrate called after it leaves the renal corpuscle?
a)
Urine
b)
Blood
c)
Plasma
d)
Water
15.
What is the primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule?
a)
Filtration
b)
Secretion
c)
Reabsorption
d)
Excretion
16.
What is the primary function of the descending limb of the loop of Henle?
a)
Reabsorption of water
b)
Reabsorption ofsalts
c)
Secretion of water
d)
Secretion of salts
17.
What is the primary function of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle?
a)
Reabsorption of water
b)
Reabsorption of salts
c)
Secretion of water
d)
Secretion of salts
18.
What is the primary function of the distal convoluted tubule?
a)
Filtration
b)
Secretion and reabsorption of solutes and water
c)
Reabsorption of water
d)
Secretion of salts
19.
What hormone primarily affects the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting duct?
a)
Insulin
b)
Glucagon
c)
Vasopressin or antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
d)
Thyroxine
20.
What is the effect of vasopressin or antidiuretic hormone (ADH) on the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting duct?
a)
It increases the flow of water outside the body
b)
It decreases the flow of water outside the body
c)
It increases the flow of salts outside the body
d)
It decreases the flow of salts outside the body
21.
Where does waste from the nephron eventually go?
a)
Renal cortex
b)
Renal medulla
c)
Renal pelvis
d)
Renal artery
22.
Where is urine stored before it is released into the environment?
a)
Kidneys
b)
Ureters
c)
Bladder
d)
Urethra
23.
Through which organ is urine released into the environment?
a)
Kidneys
b)
Ureters
c)
Bladder
d)
Urethra
24.
What is the primary role of the urinary system?
a)
Digestion of food
b)
Waste excretion
c)
Oxygen transportation
d)
Nutrient absorption
25.
What does urine primarily consist of?
a)
Mostly water, with inorganic and organic wastes
b)
Mostly blood, with inorganic and organic wastes
c)
Mostly salts, with inorganic and organic wastes
d)
Mostly proteins, with inorganic and organic wastes
26.
What is the primary role of the kidneys in relation to blood?
a)
Regulating blood volume
b)
Producing blood cells
c)
Oxygenating blood
d)
Clotting blood
27.
What is the role of kidneys in regulating electrolytes?
a)
They add electrolytes to the blood
b)
They remove all electrolytes from the blood
c)
They balance the levels of electrolytes in the blood
d)
They have no role in regulating electrolytes
28.
What happens to the solid waste from the blood processed by the kidneys?
a)
It is recycled back into the body
b)
It is stored in the kidneys
c)
It is excreted as urine
d)
It is converted into energy
29.
What is the role of the ureters in the urinary system?
a)
Filtration of blood
b)
Production of urine
c)
Transportation of urine from the kidneys to the bladder
d)
Excretion of urine
30.
What is the role of the bladder in the urinary system?
a)
Filtration of blood
b)
Production of urine
c)
Storage of urine
d)
Transportation of urine
31.
What is the renal medulla?
a)
The outer layer of the kidney
b)
The inner layer of the kidney
c)
The hollow center of the kidney
d)
The blood vessels in the kidney
32.
What is the renal pelvis?
a)
The outer layer of the kidney
b)
The inner layer of the kidney
c)
The hollow center of the kidney
d)
The blood vessels in the kidney
33.
What is the renal cortex?
a)
The outer layer of the kidney
b)
The inner layer of the kidney
c)
The hollow center of the kidney
d)
The blood vessels in the kidney
34.
What is the renal artery?
a)
The blood vessel that carries blood into the kidney
b)
The blood vessel that carries blood out of the kidney
c)
The blood vessel that carries urine out of the kidney
d)
The blood vessel that carries urine into the kidney
35.
What is the renal vein?
a)
The blood vessel that carries blood into the kidney
b)
The blood vessel that carries blood out of the kidney
c)
The blood vessel that carries urine out of the kidney
d)
The blood vessel that carries urine into the kidney
36.
What is the Bowman's capsule?
a)
The site of filtration in the nephron
b)
The site of reabsorption in the nephron
c)
The site of secretion in the nephron
d)
The site of excretion in the nephron
37.
What is the afferent arteriole?
a)
The blood vessel that carries blood into the nephron
b)
The blood vessel that carries blood out of the nephron
c)
The blood vessel that carries urine out of the nephron
d)
The blood vessel that carries urine into the nephron
38.
What is the efferent arteriole?
a)
The blood vessel that carries blood into the nephron
b)
The blood vessel that carries blood out of the nephron
c)
The blood vessel that carries urine out of the nephron
d)
The blood vessel that carries urine into the nephron
39.
What is the primary function of the peritubular capillaries in the nephron?
a)
Filtration
b)
Secretion and reabsorption
c)
Transportation of urine
d)
Production of blood cells
40.
What is the primary function of the distal convoluted tubule in the nephron?
a)
Filtration
b)
Secretion and reabsorption of solutes and water
c)
Reabsorption of water
d)
Secretion of salts
100 %
